恒河猴和树鼩角膜内皮细胞的比较分析

目的：对比分析恒河猴和树鼩角膜内皮细胞的特点和差异。方法：利用非接触式自动角膜内皮细胞仪SP3000P分别对6只恒河猴（12眼）和20只树鼩（40眼）进行角膜内皮细胞测量,并获得角膜的8个相关参数：中央角膜厚度（CCT）、最小细胞面积（Smin）、最大细胞面积（Smax）、平均细胞面积（Savg）、细胞面积标准差（SSD）、细胞面积变异系数（CV）、细胞密度（CD）和六边形细胞百分比（HG）,并结合文献与人眼的相关参数进行对比分析。结果：SP3000P角膜内皮细胞仪能在较短时间内完成恒河猴和树鼩角膜内皮的图像采集和参数的检查,耗时无显著性差异。恒河猴和树鼩CCT分别为（449.2±12.8）μm和（262.4±24.6）μm; Smin分别为（120.4±26.3） S/μm2和（153.2±42.9） S/μm2; Smax分别为（705.0±130.8） S/μm2和（468.7±109.3） S/μm2; Savg分别为（351.1±26.1）和（295.4±18.9）S/μm2; SSD分别为（113.1±27.4）和（75.9±27.3）S/μm2; CV分别为（31.9±6.0）和（25.3±8.3）; CD分别为（2874.2±203.8）p/cell﹒mm-2和（3399.3±224.7）p/cell﹒mm-2; HG%分别为（58.6±9.1）和（94.0±9.7）。二者的上述参数差异均有显著性差异（P＜0.05）。树鼩角膜厚度比恒河猴小,内皮细胞面积、变异系数也较恒河猴小,但是角膜内皮细胞密度和六边形细胞比例显著高于恒河猴。恒河猴角膜厚度、角膜内皮细胞变异系数和六边形细胞比例与人眼高度相似,但内皮细胞密度低于人眼;树鼩角膜厚度为恒河猴的60%、人眼的50%,但角膜内皮细胞密度和平均细胞面积更接近于10~20岁人眼。结论：恒河猴和树鼩角膜内皮细胞的形态和各项参数均有显著差异,各自与人眼角膜内皮细胞既有相似之处,也有不同点,恒河猴和树鼩均是研究人类角膜内皮疾病可以选择的合适实验动物。     

M细胞脊髓EPSP前电位的生理特性

直接刺激脊髓可在鲫鱼Ｍ细胞体诱发脊髓ＥＰＳＰ前电位（简称前电位）。前电位以较短的潜伏期〔（１．３３±０．２１）ｍｓ〕、较低的幅度〔（２．２２±１．０８）ｍＶ〕、较短的持续期间〔（２．６５±０．８３）ｍｓ〕和较低的刺激阈值〔（３．４９±０．７４）Ｖ〕区别于脊髓ＥＰＳＰ。前电位对Ｍ细胞的兴奋性具有调制作用，它可能由脊髓内直径较粗、传导速度较快、只经过一次混合突触接替的传入途径中介。     

猕猴眼屈光间质及实用参数研究

本研究旨在提高猕猴白内障作为人类白内障理想的天然动物模型的实用性。在手术显微镜下采用微测量技术对４６只猕猴眼进行屈光间质及其它实用参数研究并与人的有关参数进行比较。研究结果表明，猕猴眼晶体厚度、晶体赤道部水平径、晶体赤道部垂直径、角膜水平径、角膜垂直径分别为４．２５±０．３３ｍｍ、９．７９±０．５６ｍｍ、９．５３±０．５３ｍｍ、１１．３２±０．３７ｍｍ、１０．８６±０．４６ｍｍ。这些参数与人的参数几乎完全相同，其他参数也与人的相应参数非常接近。由此，可为建立白内障的动物模型提供实验依据。     

避免桡动脉插管后并发栓塞的探讨

为避免桡动脉插管后并发栓塞提供解剖学资料，用游标卡尺测量了３２具尸体共６４侧的桡动脉近腕部直径及分支起点，并对其中１６具共３２侧桡动脉用显微镜测微尺测量了内、外径。桡动脉在平桡骨茎突处和距茎突上５ｃｍ处的外径分别为３．２１±０．６２ｍｍ和３．０６±０．５７ｍｍ，Ｐ＞０．０５。管壁厚度分别为０．５９±０．１６ｍｍ和０．５０±０．１２ｍｍ，Ｐ＜０．０２。腕掌支和掌浅支起点在桡骨茎突上方１１．５５±５．９４ｍｍ。结果提示：桡动脉插管时穿刺针直径应在１．２６６±０．３８ｍｍ范围内，进针部位在桡骨茎突近侧２３．２～５０ｍｍ处为宜。此外，对穿刺方式、进针角度等进行了探讨     

准分子激光角膜切削术后角膜厚度的分析

目的探讨准分子激光屈光性角膜切削术（ＰＲＫ）后角膜厚度改变与ＰＲＫ疗效的关系。方法采用ＤＧＨ４０００Ａ超角膜测厚仪,随机检测 ＰＲＫ术后 １月、６月、１ａ、２ ａ患者角膜中央厚度（共 １５０例 ２８７眼）,动态观察术后角膜中央厚度的改变及影响因素。结果Ａ组平均角膜切削深度７１．７７μｍ,术后角膜实际减少厚度与理论角膜切削深度相接近,术后 ２ ａ裸眼视力 １． １８ ± ０．２２,残留屈光度（０．３８±０．５３）Ｄ。 Ｃ组平均角膜切削深度 １０３．３ μｍ,术后角膜实际减少厚度与理论角膜切削深度变异大,显示角膜增厚,术后２ａ裸眼视力０．８９±０．２８,残留屈光度（－１２５±１．５１）Ｄ。Ｂ组介于Ａ组与 Ｃ组之间。结论 ＰＲＫ近视治疗屈光度在－６．００ Ｄ以下,角膜切削深度控制在 ８０ μｍ以内,术后角膜中央厚度改变小,疗效好;治疗屈光度大于－８．００ Ｄ,角膜切削深度≥１００ μｍ,则角膜中央厚度增厚明显,疗效差。     

成人静脉内皮细胞单次传代大规模体外培养

用胶原酶消化成人静脉，总数：２５．９±６．７２×１０￣３个细胞。获取９．１２±４．３×１０￣３个细胞／ｃｍ￣２，活细胞率为９９％。以２．３９±０．４３×１０￣３个细胞／ｃｍ￣２的接种密度将其接种到一次性塑料培养皿中进行原代培养。待细胞进入增殖平台期后（生长时间为：７．２５±０．５ｄ），以１：２６比例将原代细胞进行传代培养。经８±０．８２ｄ培养后，细胞接触仰制形成。整个体外培养扩增时间为：１５±１．４ｄ，血管内皮细胞数增加了３３３±４０倍。经荧光标记第Ⅷ因子相关抗原单克隆抗体和透射电镜观察证实：１９９％以上的原代及传代细胞为血管内皮细胞。扩增后的血管内皮细胞染色体２ｎ＝４６条，未发现异倍体细胞。在原代和传代细胞的条件培养液内ｔ－ＰＡ和ＶＷＦ含量相差无统计学意义。     

豚鼠、兔气管壁淋巴管的分布

为观察豚鼠和兔气管淋巴管的分布特征及超微结构，本文应用淋巴管间接注射、光镜和电镜观察及计算机图像分析的方法进行了研究。结果表明，两种动物气管淋巴管结构、分布相似。粘膜层仅存在丰富的毛细淋巴管，粘膜下层、肌层、外膜层有毛细淋巴管和淋巴管分布。在320张组织切片中，淋巴管检出李豚鼠为36％；兔为23％（P＜0．01）。淋巴管的平均最大直径豚鼠为22．6±14．1μm（x±s）；兔为23．7±14．9μm（x±s）。体密度豚鼠为2．05±0．49μm3／μm3×10－3（x±Sx）；兔为1．29±0．40μm3／μm3×10－3（x±Sx）。截面密度豚鼠为5．89±1．20Ly／mm2（x±Sx）；兔为2．32±0．58Ly／mm2（x±Sx）。豚鼠气管淋巴管比兔的丰富。超微结构，毛细淋巴管的壁均由一层内皮细胞围成，基膜不完整或缺乏，无周细胞和孔窗。内皮细胞间连接形式可分为端端、重叠和嵌合连接。内皮细胞胞质内有大量囊泡。     

Augiostatin对小鼠肺腺癌LA795的生长抑制作用

为探讨ａｎｇｉｏｓｔａｔｉｎ（血管抑制因子）对小鼠肺腺癌ＬＡ７９５的治疗作用,将４×１０５ＬＡ７９５细胞接种于Ｔ７３９小鼠皮下,细胞接种后第１４ｄ,治疗组给予ａｎｇｉｏｓｔａｔｉｎ腹腔注射,对照组注射等量ＰＢＳ液,共１４ｄ,观察肿瘤大小及动物生存期。结果：治疗组肿瘤直径由２．３５±０．１６ｃｍ缩小至０．９７±０．３４ｃｍ,而对照组瘤体直径由２．２６±０．１２ｃｍ增至４．０２±０．３６ｃｍ,两者之间差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。治疗组平均生存期７６．６ｄ,对照组为３８．４ｄ,统计学分析差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：ａｎｇｉｏｓｔａｔｉｎ可以抑制ＬＡ７９５细胞所致小鼠实验性肿瘤的生长,显著延长动物生存期,可能是治疗恶性肿瘤的一种全新的有效物质。     

475例曲面体层摄影片茎突测量分析

本文通过４７５张全颌曲面体层摄影片对不同年龄组的两侧茎突长度进行测量，统计分析，首次提出国人Ｘ线片中左右侧茎突平均长度分别为：１０岁以下年龄组：１．１２±０．６０ｃｍ，１．２１±０．６４ｃｍ；１１～１７岁年龄组为１．７２±０．４２ｃｍ，１．７０±０．５０ｃｍ；１８岁以上为２．２８±０．６９ｃｍ，２．２３±０．６６ｃｍ。茎突伸长发生率为１１．２％，并对全景片显示茎突的优点、茎突伸长与临床的关系进行了探讨     

稳态层流下的内皮细胞形态特征变化

目的：探讨稳态层流下的内皮细胞特征变化规律和血流切应力改变对血管内膜结构的影响。方法：采用胶原酶消化法分离培养小牛肺动脉内皮细胞（ＰＡＥＣ）,模拟体内流动环境,建立平行平板流动腔模型。利用细胞定量图像分析系统和ＦＩＴＣ－若丹明－次毒蕈环肽标记法,观察内皮细胞在稳态层流下形态与排列变化。结果：内皮细胞在１．０×１０－ ５,２．５×１０－ ５ ｋＰａ 剪切１８ ｈ 后,细胞趋于切应力作用方向排列,与静息态的细胞相比,长短轴比值变化显著［（１．２０±０．１０） ｖｓ（１．１２±０．０８）,（１．３８±０．１５） ｖｓ（１．１２±０．０８）,Ｐ＜ ０．０１）］,细胞面积无显著变化;在２．５×１０－ ５ ｋＰａ 剪切作用６ ｈ 后,细胞面积和长短轴比值无显著变化,而细胞内骨架沿切应力方向重组;在２．５×１０－ ５ ｋＰａ剪切作用后的ＰＡＥＣ再次处于静息培养２４ ｈ 后,细胞向静息态细胞转变。结论：血流动力学特性中切应力是引起血管内皮细胞形态发生变化的主要原因,细胞形态的改变是细胞胞质内骨架蛋白分子重组的表现;同时,切应力引起内皮细胞的应变是可逆的,当切应力撤除后,细胞亦趋于低切应力下的形态特征。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.