丙型肝炎病毒不同编码区重组抗原在抗体检测中的应用

目的　探讨丙型肝炎病毒 (HCV)不同编码区重组蛋白片段的免疫反应性及其在抗体检测中的应用。方法　分别以 4种HCV单片段抗原 (C、NS3、NS4或NS5 )检测抗 HCV抗体阳性血清 ;以 4种单片段抗原的混合物 (MIX)检测抗 HCV抗体阳性血清、大学生体检血清和抗 HCV抗体阴性质控血清。结果　 90份抗 HCV抗体阳性血清中共有 75份可与一种或多种单片段抗原反应 ,阳性率分别为 70 .0 % (C)、6 1.1% (NS3)、5 2 .2 % (NS4 )、4 4 .4 % (NS5 ) ,其中仅与C、NS3、NS4和NS5一种抗原发生反应的分别有 8份、1份、2份和 3份血清标本 ;90份抗 HCV阳性血清经MIX抗原检测 ,阳性率为 83.3% (75 / 90 ) ;10 0份大学生血清和39份阴性质控血清经混合抗原检测均阴性。结论　HCV不同编码区重组蛋白片段有不同的免疫反应性 ,在发展抗 HCV抗体诊断试剂时 ,应采用各种不同编码区的混合抗原。     

抗-HCV分片段试剂在辅助诊断HCV感染中的应用

目的探讨抗HCV分片段试剂在辅助诊断HCV感染中的效果。方法收集常规初复检抗HCV不符的临界样本31份,用抗HCV分片段酶联免疫检测试剂进一步检测抗HCV C、NS3、NS4、NS5、膜高变区1(HVR1)抗体。结果31份初复检不符临界样本分片段检测结果为4份阳性(12.90%),10份不确定,即仅1个抗原片段阳性(32.26%),17份阴性(54.84%)。结论对抗HCV初、复检结果不符的临界样本,用抗HCV分片段酶联免疫检测试剂进一步作辅助检测,可降低假阳性,提高检测的特异性,具有一定的临床意义。     

部分ELISA抗-HCV阴性和阳性血清丙肝抗体分片段检测分析

目的　探讨ELISA抗 HCV检测的血液丙肝不同基因抗体的反应性和血液HCV感染的具体情况。方法留取本站抗 HCV阴性血清 1 6 8份、阳性血清 80份、可疑血清 6 2份 ,分别进行丙肝分片段检测 ,检测阳性的血清再进行HCVRT PCR检测。结果　 1 6 8份阴性血清、80份阳性血清及 6 2份可疑血清中不同基因抗体的阳性数分别为 3份、76份和 2 4份 ,HCVRT PCR的阳性结果分别为 0份、5 7份和 1 1份 ,两个以上片段检测结果阳性的血清与RT PCR结果高度符合 ,单独C区和NS3阳性的血清仍有一半以上RT PCR结果阳性 ,1例NS5阳性的血清RT PCR检测阳性。结论　HCV C和NS3抗体是抗 HCV阳性的主要血清标志 ,但NS4和NS5抗体在抗 HCV检测中也具有重要意义     

慢性丙型肝炎患者HCV不同功能区抗体的随访研究

目的　探讨慢性丙型肝炎患者不同功能区抗体的免疫应答。方法　利用基因重组克隆表达丙型肝炎病毒HCV c、NS3、NS4、NS5和HVR1抗原 ,分别包被酶联板 ,以间接ELISA法检测 1991～ 2 0 0 2年采集的 5 8名丙型肝炎患者的 14 4份血清不同功能区抗 HCV。结果　其中 5 0名 (86 .2 0 % )慢性丙型肝炎患者血清 5种相应抗 HCV呈持续阳性。结论　慢性丙型肝炎患者体内HCV c、NS3、NS4、、NS5和HVR1抗体无明显变化 ,未发现这 5种抗体与自愈的关系。     

蛋白芯片检测丙型肝炎病毒分片段抗体

目的用蛋白芯片的方法检测丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)分片段抗体。方法利用生物芯片技术和化学发光技术将高度纯化的抗原HCV Core、NS3、NS4、NS5以特定微阵列固定在固相载体上,用化学发光免疫法检测抗HCV Core、抗HCV NS3、抗HCV NS4和抗HCV NS5。结果174份血清中HCV抗体阳性87份,HCV抗体阴性87份,其中献血员33份,非丙型肝炎的其他肝病患者39份,非肝病者15份。87例雅培公司的AxSYM(微粒子发光)检测抗HCV阳性患者中,蛋白芯片检出阳性85份,阳性率为97.70%;在174份标本中,蛋白芯片检出阳性标本88份,其中抗HCV阳性87份,阳性率98.86%;抗HCV NS3检出49份,阳性率为55.68%;抗HCV NS4检出68份,阳性率为77.27%;抗HCV NS5检出37份,阳性率为42.05%;抗HCV Core检出69份,阳性率为78.41%。结论蛋白芯片显示较高的敏感性和特异性,具有临床实用价值。     

蛋白芯片检测丙型肝炎病毒分片段抗体

目的 用蛋白芯片的方法检测丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）分片段抗体。方法 利用生物芯片技术和化学发光技术将高度纯化的抗原HCV Core、NS3、NS4、NS5以特定微阵列固定在固相载体上,用化学发光免疫法检测抗HCV Core、抗HCV NS3、抗HCV NS4和抗HCV NS5。结果 174份血清中HCV抗体阳性87份,HCV抗体阴性87份,其中献血员33份,非丙型肝炎的其他肝病患者39份,非肝病者15份。87例雅培公司的AxSYM（微粒子发光）检测抗HCV阳性患者中,蛋白芯片检出阳性85份,阳性率为97．70％;在174份标本中,蛋白芯片检出阳性标本88份,其中抗HCV阳性87份,阳性率98．86％;抗HCV NS3检出49份,阳性率为55．68％;抗HCV NS4检出68份,阳性率为77．27％;抗HCV NS5检出37份,阳性率为42．05％;抗HCV Core检出69份,阳性率为78．41％。结论 蛋白芯片显示较高的敏感性和特异性,具有临床实用价值。     

HCV核心抗原检测在血液筛查中的初步研究

目的 探讨丙型肝炎病毒核心抗原(HCV cAg)醇免检测试剂用于血液筛查的应用价值.方法 同时用抗HCV抗体和HCV cAg酶免检测试剂平行筛查血液,对HCV抗体阴性样本用Chiron Procleixa TMA系统检测HCV RNA.结果 1 762份无偿献血者样本中,抗HCV阳性12份(0.68％),HCV cAg阳性10份(0.57％),阳性检出率差异无统计学显著性意义(P＞0.05),抗HCV及HCV cAg同时阳性4份(0.23％).1 750份抗HCV阴性样本中,其中HCV cAg阳性样本6份,HCV RNA全为阴性.结论 在血液筛查中增加HCV cAg检测,对降低HCV的输血传播危险具有一定价值.     

丙型肝炎病毒抗体单片段检测与总抗体检测的比较分析

目的通过对国产HCV抗体分片段酶联免疫检测试剂与进口第三代抗HCV检测试剂检测丙型肝炎病毒抗体的研究来了解丙肝病毒抗体单片段检测的意义。方法采用国产基因重组表达的丙型肝炎病毒不同区(C、NS3、NS4、NS5)特异性抗原分别包被酶标板,以间接EIA法检测75例丙肝患者血清中不同区特异性抗体,并以Abbott公司第三代抗HCV试剂进行总抗体检测,同时做HCVRNA检测。结果75例血清中HCV不同区抗原片段NS3、HCVC、NS4、NS5的抗体检出率分别为933%(7075)、920%(6975)、707%(5375)、640%(4875),含两个片段以上的抗体检出率为947%(7175);抗HCV总抗体的检出率为987%(7475);HCVRNA检出率为774%(5875)。结论HCV不同区抗原片段的抗体检出率有差别,NS3、HCVC检出率较高,其次为NS4、NS5。两种试剂有较好的相关性,HCV抗体单片段试剂可作为检测丙型肝炎病毒抗体的补充试剂,单独片段抗体阳性具有一定意义,动态观察NS3、NS4抗体水平可预测IFN的治疗效果。     

长春地区17，000献血员初复检抗HCV阳性标本中不同功能区抗体的状况及试剂改进的建议

[目的] 对献血员初检和复检抗HCV阳性及可疑血液标本同步进行不同功能区抗体状况的分析研究，以期发现问题和为今后的改进提供依据。[方法] 用两种国产抗HCVEIA检测试剂和一种进口试剂对长春地区17，000献血员进行筛选，检测出80份阳性样品，再用抗HCV单片段旁证试剂检测、同步分析四种抗体的反应强度和分布状况。[结果] HCV-Core、NS3、NS4、NS5均为阳性的26份，HCV-C^ NS3^ NS4^ 的11份，HCV-C^ NS3^ NS5^ 的9份，HCV-C^ NS3^ 的10份，HCV-C^ NS4^ 的3份，HCV-NS3^ NS5^ 的1份，HCV-NS4^ NS5^ 的1份，而Core^ ，NS3^ ，NS4^ 单独阳性分别为10、8、1。[结论] 根据抗HCV不同功能区抗体的分布状况，提示抗HCV检测试剂中两种国产试剂均可能存在着个别的漏检现象，主要是NS3抗体；建议国产试剂尚需提高和改进HCV非结构区抗原，尤其是NS3抗原，同时也应改进NS4抗原。     

丙型肝炎病毒非结构区3（NS3）I、Ⅱ型血清反应性的比较研究

目的：研究丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）非结构区3（NS3）I型、Ⅱ型血清反应性。方法：利用表达载体PBVIL1对HCV全长NS3区I型、Ⅱ型抗原表位进行克隆表达，经纯化获得电泳纯的抗原。经酶联免疫吸附（ELISA）的方法检测丙型肝炎179份总抗体可疑阳性血清，再用NS3区I、Ⅱ型抗原进行相应抗体检测。结果：通过测定HCV－NS3区I型、Ⅱ型抗体，179份HCV－NS3区I型阳性检出105份，HCV－NS3区Ⅱ型阳性检出95例。结论：重组表达的HCV－NS3 I型、Ⅱ型抗原对丙型肝炎病毒血清反应略有不同。二者具有一定的互补性。     

丙型肝炎病毒不同区抗原酶免疫试剂研究

目的　探讨丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ） 不同区抗原的反应性,为建立抗ＨＣＶ 酶免疫测定（ＥＩＡ） 确认试剂提供依据。方法　利用基因工程技术,重组所表达的ＨＣＶ 不同区抗原片段（ ＨＣＶＣ、ＮＳ３ 、ＮＳ４ 、ＮＳ５） ,建立了ＨＣＶ 单片段抗原ＥＩＡ 检测方法,检测了７４７ 份四川地区献血员血清。对其中３７３ 份血清,用２ 个厂生产的经批检合格的抗ＨＣＶＥＩＡ 试剂进行检测比较,对个别结果不符的样品进一步进行逆转录聚合酶链反应（ＲＴ－ ＰＣＲ） 分析。结果　献血员中抗ＨＣＶＣ 等４ 种抗体阳性检出率分别为４ ．６８ ％ （３５／７４７） 、５ ．２ ％ （３９／７４７） 、１ ．１ ％ （８／７４７） 、１ ．２ ％ （９／７４７） ,２ 家试剂阳性检出率均为４ ％（１５／３７３） 。结论　ＨＣＶ 不同区抗原片段的抗体检出率差异较大,ＮＳ３ 检出率最高,其次为Ｃ 区、ＮＳ５ 、ＮＳ４ 。说明抗ＨＣＶＥＩＡ 检测试剂以ＨＣＶ ＮＳ３ 区和Ｃ 区为主要抗原片段。     

基因重组HCV抗原斑点酶免疫法检测血清中抗-HCV

目的　建立检测抗-HCV的斑点酶免疫法。方法　将基因重组HCV核心、NS     

Protein chip for detection of different HCV antibodies: preparation, quality control, and clinical evaluation.

INTRODUCTION: As a contagious disease caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV) hepatitis C is a serious threat to human health. Therefore, the detection and verification of HCV infection is very important in the treatment of hepatitis C. This study investigated the preparation, quality control, and clinical evaluation of a protein chip capable of simultaneously detecting different HCV antibodies. The aim was to establish a convenient method for the detection of HCV. METHOD: To prepare the protein chip, six antigens including five recombinant HCV antigens (chimeric, core, NS3, NS4, and NS5) and interleukin (IL)-1 were arrayed onto aldehyde-coated slides and blocked using 10% calf serum in phosphate buffered saline. After dilution with sample solution, the serum sample was added to a reaction well on the protein chip. After incubation for 30 minutes at 37 degrees C, fluorescence Cy3-labeled rabbit antihuman IgG was added and incubated again for 30 minutes at 37 degrees C, and then scanned. Positive or negative controls were established from serum samples with or without HCV infection. Clinical evaluation was done by detecting 490 serum samples using the protein chips and ELISA reagents, with 150 of the 490 serum samples confirmed by recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA). RESULTS: The protein chip for detection of five HCV antibodies was successfully prepared. Fifteen positive controls and 15 negative controls were established as standard samples for quality control. The quality control-passed protein chip was tested again using the standard of the National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products (NICPBP), and met the quality control criteria prescribed by the NICPBP. In the clinical evaluation with 490 samples, the coincidence rates between the protein-chip assay and ELISA were 97.4% for positive and 100% for negative results. Five inconsistent samples that were positive in ELISA, but non-positive (four samples) or negative (one) in the protein-chip assay, were confirmed by RIBA (gold standard) to be four non-positive and one negative. The results of 150 samples showed the coincidence rates between protein chip and RIBA were 98.15% for positive and 96.88% for single-segment positive. CONCLUSION: The protein-chip assay has higher sensitivity and specificity than ELISA and has a high coincidence rate with RIBA. The protein chip, characterized by its easy operation and low economic cost, will be very useful for in vitro detection of HCV antibodies.     

Prevalence of hepatitis C virus and genotype distribution in an Australian volunteer blood donor population

BACKGROUND: This study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody and RNA in first-time blood donors and to examine the HCV genotype distribution. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A third-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to screen 34,725 donors for HCV antibodies. Donors who were repeatably reactive were tested in two immunoblot assays-a second-generation and a third-generation recombinant immunoblot assay-as well as by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. PCR-positive donors were genotyped. All samples were screened for alanine aminotransferase levels. RESULTS: The ELISA repeat reactivity rate was 0.55 percent. PCR testing showed that 69 (38%) of the 183 ELISA-reactive samples contained HCV RNA. The third-generation recombinant immunoblot assay identified all 69 viremic samples as antibody positive; however, only 63 tested positive on the second-generation immunoblot. The remaining six PCR-positive donors tested antibody-indeterminate to the core peptide. All six of these donors had HCV subtype 3a infections. Genotype distribution among 58 samples showed that 34 were type 1, of which 22 could be further subtyped as 1a (16) and 1b (6); 2 were 2a; 5 were 2b; and 17 were subtyped as 3a. Donors infected with 2b and 3a had reduced antibody reactivity to the NS4 and NS3 peptides only on the second-generation immunoblot. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of confirmed anti-HCV and viral RNA in new donors is 0.29 and 0.2 percent, respectively. The third-generation recombinant immunoblot assay was more sensitive than the second-generation immunoblot assay in detecting 2b and 3a HCV subtypes. The inclusion of the NS5 peptide in the third- generation recombinant immunoblot did not result in positive tests in any additional donors. Rather, the improvement was due to the increased detection of NS3 and, to a lesser extent, NS4 antibodies. Subtypes 1a and 3a were most prevalent in this population.     

Immunizations with chimeric hepatitis B virus-like particles to induce potential anti-hepatitis C virus neutralizing antibodies

BACKGROUND: Virus-like particles (VLPs) are highly immunogenic and proven to induce protective immunity. The small surface antigen (HBsAg-S) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) self-assembles into VLPs and its use as a vaccine results in protective antiviral immunity against HBV infections. Chimeric HBsAg-S proteins carrying foreign epitopes allow particle formation and have the ability to induce anti-foreign humoral and cellular immune responses. METHODS/RESULTS: The insertion of the hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) sequence derived from the envelope protein 2 (E2) of hepatitis C virus (HCV) into the major antigenic site of HBsAg-S ('a'-determinant) resulted in the formation of highly immunogenic VLPs that retained the antigenicity of the inserted HVR1 sequence. BALB/c mice were immunized with chimeric VLPs, which resulted in antisera with anti-HCV activity. The antisera were able to immunoprecipitate native HCV envelope complexes (E1E2) containing homologous or heterologous HVR1 sequences. HCV E1E2 pseudotyped HIV-1 particles (HCVpp) were used to measure entry into HuH-7 target cells in the presence or absence of antisera that were raised against chimeric VLPs. Anti-HVR1 VLP sera interfered with entry of entry-competent HCVpps containing either homologous or heterologous HVR1 sequences. Also, immunizations with chimeric VLPs induced antisurface antigen (HBsAg) antibodies, indicating that HBV-specific antigenicity and immunogenicity of the 'a'-determinant region is retained. CONCLUSIONS: A multivalent vaccine against different pathogens based on the HBsAg delivery platform should be possible. We hypothesize that custom design of VLPs with an appropriate set of HCV-neutralizing epitopes will induce antibodies that would serve to decrease the viral load at the initial infecting inoculum.     

The development of a quantitative ELISA for antibodies against human platelet antigen type 1a

BACKGROUND: Severe neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia is often due to antibodies against human platelet antigen type 1a (HPA-1a). The aim of this study was to develop a quantitative ELISA for the measurement of antibodies against HPA-1a. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: HPA-1a glycoprotein (GP) IIb-IIIa was immobilized and mixed with recalcified anti-HPA-1a-positive plasma overnight at 4 degrees C. The beads were washed, the antibodies against HPA-1a were eluted, and the eluate pH level was promptly adjusted. The purified antibodies were dialyzed and used for the development of an ELISA incorporating HPA-1a-coated plates. RESULTS: Serial doubling dilutions of the purified antibodies resulted in consistent sigmoid standard curves with a sensitivity of 0.5 microg per mL. To determine the reproducibility of the ELISA, antibodies against HPA-1a in five plasma samples (Samples A-E) were measured at serial doubling dilutions in four separate assays. Three of the samples (Samples A-C) contained antibodies against HPA-1a. The mean amounts in microg per mL (+/- SD, percentage of CV) obtained in the four assays were as follows: Sample A, 133 (9.4, 7.1%); Sample B, 16.5 (1.7, 10%); and Sample C, 8 (0.8, 10%). The amounts in the two antibody-negative controls (Samples D and E) were consistently less than 0.2 microg per mL. CONCLUSION: Using immobilized HPA-1a1a, antibodies against HPA-1a has been purified, and a quick and simple quantitative assay has been developed.