Differential item functioning in a Brazilian–Portuguese version of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ11‐14)

Traebert J, de Lacerda JT, Thomson WM, Foster Page L, Locker D. Differential item functioning in a Brazilian–Portuguese version of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ_11‐14). Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2010. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Abstract – Objective: To determine whether a Portuguese language version of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire for 11–14‐year‐olds (CPQ_11‐14) showed differential item functioning (DIF) when compared with the original English language version. Methods: CPQ_11‐14 data from a school‐based Brazilian study (n = 138) was compared with CPQ_11‐14 data collected as part of a school‐based study conducted in New Zealand (n = 322). In order to detect DIF, ordinal logistic regression analysis was performed with each CPQ_11‐14 item as the dependent variable. The independent variables were language group (English versus Portuguese), the CPQ_11‐14 sub‐scale score of which the item was a part, and an interaction term for language*sub‐scale score. Nonuniform DIF was deemed to be present if the interaction term was significant. Moderate to large uniform DIF was deemed to be present if after removing the interaction term the β coefficient (log odds ratio) for language group was significant and numerically greater than 0.64. Analyses were also undertaken to detect pseudo‐DIF. Results: Nonuniform DIF was found in five items and moderate to large uniform DIF in an additional four items. Analyses using ‘purified’ sub‐scale scores indicated that little of the DIF detected was pseudo‐DIF. A comparison of the language groups using DIF affected and DIF‐free overall and subscale CPQ_11‐14 scores revealed that the DIF detected had only a marginal effect on the differences between language groups in scores. Conclusion: Oral health‐related quality of life questionnaires, particularly those that have been translated, need to be assessed for DIF and its likely impact on group comparisons.     

Epidemiological evaluation of short‐form versions of the Child Perception Questionnaire

The objective of the study was to compare the performance of four short‐form versions of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ_11–14) with that of the long‐form version in a random population sample of 12‐ and 13‐yr‐old children from New Zealand in order to determine which short‐form version was the most valid. Children (n = 430, participation rate 74.1%) completed the 37‐item CPQ_11–14. Two separate 8‐ and 16‐item short‐form versions were previously developed using (a) item impact and (b) regression methods. The four different short‐form scales were compared with the full CPQ_11–14 on their construct validity. The children were examined for malocclusion (using the Dental Aesthetic Index) and for dental caries by a single examiner (L.F.P.). All short‐form versions revealed substantial variability in overall oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL). Cronbach’s alpha ranged from 0.73 (Regression Short Form [RSF]‐8) to 0.86 (RSF‐16). For all short‐form versions, mean scores were positively associated with self‐rated oral health and overall wellbeing; associations with the latter were stronger. All short‐form versions detected OHRQoL gradients, as hypothesized, across ascending categories of caries and malocclusion. These findings suggest that the short‐form versions of the CPQ_11–14 all show acceptable properties, but that the 16‐item versions perform better (and are essentially equivalent); however, the stronger theoretical underpinning of the item‐impact‐derived 16‐item short‐form version suggests that it shows the most promise.     

Confirmatory factor analysis on the health domains of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire

Abstract – Background: The Child Perceptions Questionnaire for children aged 11–14 years (CPQ_11–14) with 37 items (full questionnaire) and short forms with 16 and 8 items were developed in Toronto as measures of the oral‐health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) for children. Objectives: To confirm the four hypothesized health domains (oral symptoms, functional limitations, emotional well‐being and social well‐being) of CPQ_11–14 in measuring OHRQoL for children in Hong Kong. Methods: The instrument was administered to 542 children aged 12 years. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to confirm the health domains of the full and short forms of CPQ_11–14. Results: The usual goodness‐of‐fit measurements indicated that the model using all 37 items fitted the data below the acceptable level, while the models with 16 items and 8 items fitted the data well. Conclusion: The hypothesized factor structure with the four health domains of the short forms of CPQ_11–14 has been confirmed by CFA. The results in the current study indicated that the items used in the short forms contain sufficient information in measuring OHRQoL for children in Hong Kong.     

Oral health-related quality of life among survivors of childhood cancer

International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2011; 21: 465–467 Background. Childhood cancer survivors may have experienced a high number of invasive medical and dental procedures, which may affect their oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL). Aim. To compare children who have survived cancer and children without cancer with respect to OHRQoL. Design. In a cross‐sectional study, we compared the OHRQoL of children treated for cancer at Aalborg Hospital with the OHRQoL of classmates without cancer. All children answered The Danish version of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ). Children aged 8–10 (n = 95) answered CPQ_8–10, with 27 questions, and children aged 11–14 (n = 138) answered the CPQ_11–14, with 39 questions. Results. Children with cancer rated their OHRQoL better or equal to those without cancer. The mean overall CPQ_8–10 score was 5.6 (95% CI: 2.5–8.6) among 18 children who have survived cancer and 8.8 (95% CI: 7.3–10.3) among those without cancer (n = 77); the mean difference was ?3.3 (95% CI: ?6.5 to 0.1). The overall mean CPQ_11–14 score was 12.5 (95% CI: 6.8–18.2) among 24 children who have survived cancer and 11.8 (95% CI: 10.3–13.3) among those without cancer (n = 114); the mean difference was ?0.7 (95% CI: ?4.9 to 6.3). Conclusion. Cancer and cancer treatment during childhood was not associated with a decreased OHRQoL.     

Oral health-related quality-of-life among children in Swedish dental care: The impact from malocclusions or orthodontic treatment need

Objectives. To describe oral health-related quality-of-life (OHRQoL) and the impact of malocclusions or orthodontic treatment need in a cohort of children in Swedish dental care, using the Swedish version of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire–Impact Short Form (CPQ_11–14–ISF:16). Subjects and methods. Two hundred and fifty-seven children (mean age = 11.5 years, SD = 0.8, range = 9.8–13.5 years) completed the CPQ_11–14–ISF:16 in conjunction with a clinical examination. In addition to malocclusions and orthodontic treatment need (based on the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need–Dental Health Component), possible confounders (caries, enamel defects, dental trauma, headache and socio-economic markers) were recorded. Children also rated their own dental fear on the Children’s Fear Survey Schedule–Dental Sub-scale (CFSS-DS). Results. The mean total CPQ_11–14–ISF:16 score was 9.31. The logistic regression analyses revealed an impact of orthodontic treatment need on OHRQoL (CPQ), but no clear association between higher severity and higher impact on OHRQoL was seen. Dental fear and headache appeared to discriminate for poorer OHRQoL. No impact from caries, enamel defects, dental trauma, or socio-economic markers was revealed. Conclusions. This cohort of children reported good self-perceived OHRQoL. Effects on OHRQoL from malocclusions or orthodontic treatment need were limited and inconsistent. Dental fear and headache were found to be more distinct impact factors on OHRQoL than were malocclusions or orthodontic treatment need.     

Longitudinal evaluation of the impact of dental caries treatment on oral health‐related quality of life among schoolchildren

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of dental caries treatment on oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) among schoolchildren and the responsiveness of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ_8‐10) instrument. Brazilian schoolchildren, 8–10 yr of age, were randomly selected and assigned to two groups – dental caries treatment (DCT) and caries‐free (CF) – according to their caries experience [decayed, missing, or filled primary teeth (dmft) and decayed, missing or filled secondary teeth (DMFT) values of ≥0]. The CPQ_8‐10 instrument was administered at baseline and at 4 wk of follow‐up (i.e. 4 wk after completion of dental treatment). In the DCT group, increases in CPQ_8‐10 scores were observed between the baseline and follow‐up results. However, longitudinal evaluation of the CF group demonstrated no statistically significant difference in CPQ_8‐10 scores. Responsiveness of the CPQ_8‐10 instrument (magnitude of change in CPQ_8‐10 scores) in the DCT group was greater (effect size >0.7) than in the CF group. The findings of this study show that dental caries treatment has an important impact on OHRQoL of children. The CPQ_8‐10 was considered an acceptable instrument for longitudinal measurement of changes in OHRQoL.     

Caries prevalence,severity, and 3‐year increment,and their impact upon New Zealand adolescents' oral‐health‐related quality of life

Objective: To examine dental caries experience among New Zealand adolescents and determine the nature of caries‐associated differences in oral‐health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) among adolescents. Method: Follow‐up was conducted of a random sample of 430 children first examined in 2003 at age 13, when they completed the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ_11‐14). At age 16, 255 (59.3% of the baseline sample) were re‐examined and again completed the CPQ_11‐14. Results: Caries prevalence (1 + DMFS) rose from 68% to 79.2%; mean DMFS rose from 2.9 (SD 4.7) to 3.6 (SD 4.8), and the prevalence of high caries experience (5 + DMFS) rose from 20.0% to 40.8%. The 3‐year mean net caries increment of 0.5 surfaces (SD 2.6) was dominated by occlusal surfaces. At both ages, overall CPQ_11‐14 scores, as well as emotional well‐being subscale scores, were significantly higher for those with DMFS values of 5 or more. Conclusion: Caries experience increased over the three years; this age group is caries‐active. Dental caries affects adolescents' OHRQoL, although not as strongly as maybe expected.     

Validity and reliability of the Swedish versions of the short-form Child Perceptions Questionnaire 11–14 and Parental Perceptions Questionnaire

Objective: To examine the validity and reliability of the Swedish versions of the short-form Child Perceptions Questionnaire 11–14 (CPQ_11–14) and Parental Perceptions Questionnaire (P-CPQ) for measuring children’s oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL).

Material and methods: The sample comprised 247 children and parents. OHRQoL was assessed by asking each child and their accompanying parent to complete the relevant questionnaire. To allow test–retest analysis, 30 children and 32 parents were asked to complete the instrument a second time within 2–4 weeks.

Results: In terms of construct validity, significant correlations were observed between CPQ scale scores and the global ratings of oral health and overall well-being for both the CPQ_11–14 and the P-CPQ. Regarding internal consistency, Cronbach’s alphas for the total scales were 0.81 and 0.77, respectively, indicating good reliability, and internal consistency for the subscales (two or four dimensions) was acceptable. Test–retest reliability was good for the CPQ_11–14 total scale (ICC 0.77) and acceptable for the P-CPQ total scale (ICC 0.63).

Conclusions: The Swedish versions of the short-form CPQ_11–14 and P-CPQ are both valid and reliable, and can be recommended for use among Swedish children aged 11–14 years for evaluation of OHRQoL.     

Oral health‐related quality of life and its relationship with health locus of control among Indian dental university students

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to assess the relationship between Oral Health‐Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) and Health Locus of Control (HLC) among students in an Indian dental school. Materials and methods: A cross sectional study design was used. Three hundred and twenty‐five dental students returned completed forms containing the 14 item Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP‐14) and the 18 item Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale (MHLC). Results: The results showed that the perceived OHRQoL differed among students studying in different stages of the dental course. The OHRQoL dimensions of ‘Social Handicap’ and ‘Handicap’ were significantly (P < 0.01) lower among the later years of the course than the freshman year students. There was a sharp increase in Self‐reported dental problems, in particular, Malocclusion, Tooth decay, Calculus among the third year and final year students respectively. The OHIP‐14 scores were significantly higher among those with self‐reported oral problems. Correlation analysis between the OHIP‐14 and the MHLC scores also showed a statistically significant (P < 0.01) correlation between the ‘Chance’ dimension of the MHLC and OHIP‐14 scores. Conclusions: The results of this study underscored the relationship between the OHRQoL and HLC and of importance of assessing health attitudes and their impact on OHRQoL among the dental student community.     

Oral health‐related quality of life,measured using the five‐item version of the Oral Health Impact Profile,in relation to socio‐economic status: a population survey in Sweden

Oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) is an important patient‐reported outcome measure in dental research. This study was conducted to analyse the association between OHRQoL, as measured using the five‐item version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP‐5), and different socio‐economic indices. A national survey of randomly selected adult individuals in Sweden (n = 3,500) was performed using telephone interviews. The questions asked for the purpose of this study were defined by the items of the OHIP‐5, just as questions were asked regarding socio‐economic variables, including education, income, and economic resources. Poor OHRQoL, as identified by an OHIP‐5 score of 3 or higher on at least two of the five items, was statistically significantly associated in multivariate analysis with low income (OR = 1.84) and having no economic resources (OR = 2.19). The statistical models were adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity, marital status, dental‐care utilization, dental anxiety, and smoking. The OHIP‐5 may be used in larger epidemiological surveys because it demonstrates the ability to discriminate for a range of important areas of measurement in dental public health, including social determinants.     

Agreement between children and parents in rating oral health-related quality of life using the Swedish versions of the short-form Child Perceptions Questionnaire 11–14 and Parental Perceptions Questionnaire

Objective: To explore the agreement between children and parents on children’s oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) when using the Swedish short forms of CPQ_11–14 and P-CPQ, and to evaluate the impact on agreement of oral health including malocclusion and background characteristics (dental fear, family situation, gender of informant).

Material and methods: A total of 257 children and their accompanying parents were asked to fill in the Swedish versions of the short-form CPQ_11–14 and P-CPQ separately in connection with a clinical examination.

Results: The participants comprised 247 child-parent pairs: 116 (47%) boys, 131 (53%) girls, 166 (67%) mothers and 81 (33%) fathers. The agreement between the child and parental ratings of the children’s OHRQoL was low, with an ICC of 0.22 (95% CI: 0.04–0.37) for the total scale.

Conclusions: There was a low agreement between children’s and parents’ answers. For best care, it is advisable to consider perceptions of both children and parents because they can complement each other in estimating the child’s OHRQoL.     

Impact of Partial‐Mouth Periodontal Examination Protocols on the Association Between Gingival Bleeding and Oral Health–Related Quality of Life in Adolescents

Background: It is not clear how using partial ‐ mouth periodontal examination (PMPE) protocols affects estimates of the association between gingival bleeding (GB) and oral health–related quality of life (OHRQoL). The aim of the present study is to assess impact of different PMPEs on the association between GB and OHRQoL in 12‐year‐old adolescents. Methods: A total of 1,134 adolescents were evaluated for clinical and subjective variables. GB was determined by full‐mouth examination (FME) of six sites (disto‐buccal [DB], mid‐buccal [B], mesio‐buccal [MB], disto‐lingual [DL], mid‐lingual, and mesio‐lingual [ML]) and different PMPEs were calculated using a 15% cut‐off point: 1) full‐mouth (MB‐B‐DB/MB‐B‐DL); 2) two diagonal quadrants (six sites/MB‐B‐DB/MB‐B‐DL); 3) two randomly selected half‐mouth quadrants (six sites/MB‐B‐DB/ MB‐B‐DL/MB‐DB‐ML‐DL); and 4) the community periodontal index. OHRQoL was assessed using the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ_11‐14). Adjusted negative binomial regression models were used to calculate the rate ratio of CPQ_11‐14 scores for each PMPE. Results: Adolescents with GB showed significantly poorer OHRQoL than their counterparts when FME was used. In contrast, more than half of PMPE protocols did not detect significant associations between GB and CPQ_11‐14 scores in the adjusted analysis. Conclusions: Using PMPE to assess GB in adolescents significantly affects associations with OHRQoL outcomes, depending on the protocol used. PMPEs that evaluated MB‐B‐DL sites of randomly selected half‐mouth quadrants (1 or 2 and 3 or 4) achieved results closer to those obtained with FME.     

Exploring factors that influence child use of dental services and toothbrushing in New Zealand

Abstract – Objectives: To explore factors contributing to dental service use and toothbrushing among Mäori, Pacific and New Zealand European or Other (NZEO) children in New Zealand. Methods: Data were obtained from the 2002 National Child Nutrition Survey. Models representing demographic, socio‐economic status (SES), lifestyle, dietary, food security and oral health paradigms were tested using logistic regression. Results: Mäori and Pacific children were more likely to not attend for dental care (OR: 1.99 and 2.05 respectively) than NZEO children when age, sex and time lived in New Zealand were accounted for. The addition of household (OR: 1.93 and 2.05 respectively) or lifestyle (OR: 1.95 and 1.81 respectively) factors resulted in minimal OR changes for Mäori or Pacific child dental attendance, whereas addition of dietary (OR: 1.44 and 1.23 respectively) and food security (OR: 1.43 and 1.32 respectively) items reduced the ORs of Mäori and Pacific child dental attendance so they no longer differed significantly to NZEO children. Addition of dental factors increased the ORs of Mäori and Pacific children not utilizing dental services compared with NZEO children (OR: 2.30 and 2.13 respectively). Mäori and Pacific children were more likely to not brush teeth (OR: 3.86 and 1.49 respectively) than NZEO children when age, sex and time lived in New Zealand were accounted for. Addition of dietary factors resulted in a 36% OR reduction of Mäori children not brushing (OR: 2.57), while addition of household SES (OR: 1.06), lifestyle (OR: 1.14), dietary (OR: 0.71) or food security factors (OR: 1.19) reduced the ORs of Pacific children so they were no longer significantly different to NZEO children. Conclusions: Mäori and Pacific children were more likely to have not received dental care (variance largely explained by dietary and food security factors) and Mäori children were more likely to not brush their teeth (variance largely explained by dietary items) than NZEO children.     

Dental status and oral health‐related quality of life. A population‐based study

Oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) is associated with tooth wear and tooth loss. This study investigated the association between OHRQoL and dental status (in terms of natural dentition, partial or complete dentures, or edentulism). Sixteen hundred and twenty‐two persons who participated in a large‐scale Dutch dental survey were interviewed. Dentate persons (n = 1407) were additionally invited for a clinical examination (response rate: 69%). Dental status was based upon the combined data from this clinical examination and the questionnaire (seven dental status groups were defined). OHRQoL was measured by the Dutch translation of the short version of the Oral Health Impact Profile, the OHIP‐NL14. Kruskal–Wallis tests and Mann–Whitney U tests were used to investigate differences in OHRQoL between the dental status groups. For all OHIP‐NL14 scales, differences in OHRQoL were found between the dental status groups (all P‐values <0·001). The Mann–Whitney U tests revealed no differences between persons with a complete natural dentition and persons with a fixed prosthetic replacement. The latter group, however, did show a significantly better OHRQoL as compared to persons with a removable partial denture. Surprisingly, edentulous persons with an overdenture had a more impaired OHRQoL than edentulous persons with non‐supported complete dentures. The results demonstrated that impaired dental status is associated with deteriorations in OHRQoL, especially concerning functional limitations, physical pain and social disability.     

Level of agreement between self-administered and interviewer-administered CPQ₈₋₁₀ and CPQ₁₋₁₄

Ramos‐Jorge ML, Vieira‐Andrade RG, Martins‐Júnior PA, Cordeiro MMR, Ramos‐Jorge J, Paiva SM, Marques LS. Level of agreement between self‐administered and interviewer‐administered CPQ_8–10 and CPQ_11–14. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2011. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S Abstract – Objectives: The aim of the present study was to assess the psychometric properties and level of agreement between the self‐administered and interviewer‐administered Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ) for children between 8 and 10 years of age (CPQ_8–10) and between 11 and 14 (CPQ_11–14) years of age. Methods: A randomized cross‐over study was carried out, involving 180 children (Group 1 – 90 children between 8 and 10; Group 2 – 90 children between 11 and 14 years of age) in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. All children completed both administration modes of the CPQ; half of each group received interviewer‐administered mode first [Subgroup A (CPQ_8–10n = 45) and Subgroup C (CPQ_11–14n = 45)], and the other half performed the self‐administered mode first [Subgroup B (CPQ_8–10n = 45) and Subgroup D (CPQ_11–14n = 45)]. Test–retest reliability of each mode of administration was tested on 60 children (30 for CPQ_8–10; 30 for CPQ_11–14), who were not included in the other analyses. The level of agreement between scores on the self‐administered and interviewer‐administered versions of the CPQ_8–10 and CPQ_11–14 was established using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The order of presentation of both instruments was tested considering the four subgroups (A, B, C and D). The calculation of effect size proposed by Cohen (1992) was used to test the clinical significance of the findings. Results: Both the self‐administered and interviewer‐administered versions of CPQ_8–10 and CPQ_11–14 demonstrated acceptable psychometric properties. Agreement between the administration modes for the CPQ_8–10 and CPQ_11–14 was 0.90 and 0.88 (ICC), respectively. With the exception of the functional limitation subscale, the scores of the subscales and overall score on the CPQ_8–10 were significantly higher in the group of children who responded to the interviewer‐administered measure first. With the CPQ_11–14, statistically significant differences were found only for the emotional well‐being subscale. Conclusions: Both administration modes of the CPQ_8–10 and CPQ_11–14 demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties and a high level of agreement. Although statistically significant differences were observed for oral symptoms, emotional well‐being and social well‐being, with the first administration of the interviewer‐administered version, the effect of the order of administration had small to medium effects on the CPQ scores.     

Association between oral health‐related and general health‐related quality of life in subjects attending dental offices in Germany

Objectives: To evaluate the GHRQoL and OHRQoL of patients attending dental offices in Germany and to determine correlation coefficients between SF (Short Form)‐12 and OHIP (Oral Health Impact Profile)‐14 scores. Methods: A total of 10,342 dental offices were randomly selected. Each of the 1,113 that consented to participate received 20 questionnaires to be filled in by a convenience sample of the patients. The questionnaire included the OHIP‐14‐form for OHRQoL as well as the SF‐12‐form for GHRQoL. Results: A total of 12,392 completed questionnaires were analyzed. The mean age of the participants (64.9 percent female, 35.1 percent male) was 44.25 years. The mean summary score of OHIP‐14 was 6.30 (SD 7.46). The mean physical component summary scale (PCS) of the SF‐12 was 51.15 (SD 7.23) and the mental component summary scale (MCS) was 50.17 (SD 8.55). The variance of PCS and MCS could be explained to 10 percent each by oral health‐related quality of life (r² = 0.095 and 0.101, P < 0.001). Conclusion: OHRQoL is considerably related to GHRQoL.     

Assessing consistency in oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) across gender and stability of OHRQoL over time for adolescents using Structural Equation Modeling

Wong MCM, Lau AWH, Lam KF, McGrath C, Lu H‐X. Assessing consistency in oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) across gender and stability of OHRQoL over time for adolescents using Structural Equation Modeling. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2011; 39: 325–335. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S Abstract – Background: The Child Perceptions Questionnaire for children aged 11–14 years (CPQ_11–14) was developed in Toronto as a measure of the oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) for children/adolescents. The short form with eight items (RSF:8) was also derived. Objectives: (i) To investigate the consistency of RSF:8 in measuring the OHRQoL between boys and girls, (ii) to investigate the measurement invariance and stability of RSF:8 in measuring OHRQoL for Hong Kong adolescents over time, and (iii) to determine the latent mean differences across gender and over time. Methods: The instrument was administered to 542 adolescents aged 12 years and re‐administered to the same group of adolescents 3 years later. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to test the measurement invariance at different levels. A series of hierarchically nested models (configural structure, factor loadings, error variances, factor variances and covariance, intercept invariance) were tested by the chi‐square difference tests, and the more restricted model would be accepted if the chi‐square difference test was insignificant (P > 0.05). The latent means would be estimated if intercept invariance was not accepted. The stability of OHRQoL over time was investigated by computing the stability coefficients. Results: For multiple group analysis, the model with the level of invariance up to factor variances and covariance was accepted (P > 0.05). The latent mean of girls was significantly lower (indicating better OHRQoL) than boys in social well‐being (SWB). For panel data analysis, the model with the level of invariance up to factor variances and covariance was accepted (P > 0.05). The latent mean of the four domains decreased significantly (indicating improved OHRQoL) for adolescents aged 12–15 years. The stability coefficients ranged from 0.14 to 0.73 which demonstrated moderate stability except functional limitation (FL) with a relatively low stability. Conclusion: This study indicated that RSF:8 measured OHRQoL for adolescents in Hong Kong consistently across gender. The OHRQoL in SWB for girls was better than boys. Also, the OHRQoL for adolescents was in the same factor structure with moderate stability and improved significantly over time.     

Traumatic dental injuries in Brazilian children and oral health‐related quality of life

Background/Aims

Population‐based studies that investigate the impact of TDI on oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) among school children and its association with socioeconomic factors are scarce and offer conflicting results. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of TDI on OHRQoL among school children and its association with socioeconomic status.

Materials and Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted with 588 12‐year‐old children enrolled in public and private schools in the urban areas in the city of Diamantina (southeastern Brazil). Clinical examinations were performed for the diagnosis of traumatic dental injury based on Andreasen's classification. The Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ_11–14), which has been validated for the population in Brazil, was employed to evaluate oral health‐related quality of life. Socioeconomic status and overjet were also analyzed. Statistical analysis involved the chi‐square test and logistic regression.

Results

A total of 29.4% of the students exhibited some type of trauma to at least one tooth. A negative impact on oral health‐related quality of life was found in 53.1% of the sample. Traumatic dental injury was associated with a high impact on oral health‐related quality of life [OR = 1.61 (95% CI: 1.08‐2.39)] and overjet >3 mm [OR = 5.42 (95% CI: 3.66‐8.02)]. However, no statistically significant associations were found between TDI and socioeconomic status.

Conclusions

Prevalence of traumatic dental injury was high among the children who participated in the study, and it was associated with a high impact on oral health‐related quality of life as well as overjet >3 mm.     

Impact of anterior occlusal conditions in the mixed dentition on oral health–related quality-of-life item levels:: A multivariate analysis

ObjectivesTo evaluate the impact of anterior occlusal conditions in the mixed dentition on item-level analysis of oral health–related quality of life (OHRQoL).Materials and MethodsA population-based cross-sectional study of 787 children aged 8 to 10 years was conducted. The Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ_8-10) was used to evaluate OHRQoL, and the analysis of item levels was performed on CPQ_8-10 domains. Anterior occlusal characteristics were diagnosed according to the Dental Aesthetic Index criteria. Individual analyses were performed relating the outcome as independent variables. The variables with P < .20 in the individual analyses were tested in multiple logistic regression models, and those with P < .10 remained in the model. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) was estimated with a 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsNo associations were found with regard to anterior occlusal characteristics (P < .001) after the variables of the previous determinants were adjusted for multivariate analysis. However, the following variables were significantly associated with negative impact on OHRQoL item levels: sex, in oral symptoms (OR = 1.42; CI, 1.07–1.89) and emotional well-being (OR = 1.34; CI, 1.00–1.79); race, in oral symptoms (OR = 1.48; CI, 1.10–1.98), emotional well-being (OR = 1.54; CI, 1.14–2.06), and social well-being (OR = 1.34; CI, 1.00–1.80); and family income in functional limitation (OR = 1.46; CI, 1.06–2.02), emotional well-being (OR = 1.71; CI, 1.21–2.42), and social well-being (OR = 1.59; CI, 1.14–2.21).ConclusionsAnterior occlusal conditions did not affect the levels of OHRQoL items.