黄芩素对A431细胞埃兹蛋白表达及侵袭力的影响

目的 探讨黄芩素是否通过抑制埃兹蛋白来实现抑制A431细胞增殖、细胞周期进程及伪足的形成。方法 采用细胞划痕、微孔滤膜法（Transwell）检测黄芩素对A431细胞爬行的影响;RT－PCR检测黄芩素对A431细胞埃兹蛋白mRNA表达量的影响;Western印迹检测黄芩素及siRNA对A431细胞埃兹蛋白表达及其磷酸化的影响;扫描电镜观察黄芩素及siRNA对A431细胞伪足形成的影响。结果 细胞划痕实验显示,培养24 h时,黄芩素 5、10、20 μmol/L组细胞闭合宽度占原宽度的比例分别为13.3% ± 1.7%、7.6% ± 1.6%和5.9% ± 1.3%,黄芩素呈浓度依赖性抑制A431细胞爬行运动,黄芩素各组与阴性对照组（16.3% ± 2.3%）比较,差异均有统计学意义。Transwell实验证实,5、10、20 μmol/L黄芩素处理A431细胞48 h后,穿过人工基底膜的细胞数量分别为（46.5 ± 3.8）、（34.3 ± 3.4）和（25.3 ± 2.3）个/Hp,各处理组与阴性对照组（56.3 ± 3.8个/Hp）经方差分析,P < 0.01;而与siRNA组（28.3 ± 2.1个/Hp）比较,P > 0.05。Western印迹及RT－PCR检测显示,0、5、10、20、40 μmol/L黄芩素处理A431细胞48 h后,黄芩素呈浓度依赖性地抑制A431细胞埃兹蛋白/磷酸化埃兹蛋白及埃兹蛋白mRNA表达,埃兹蛋白mRNA与β-肌动蛋白mRNA灰度值之比值与阴性对照组比较,P值均 < 0.01;而与siRNA组比较,P > 0.05;埃兹蛋白、磷酸化埃兹蛋白在A431细胞中的表达量（与β-肌动蛋白灰度值之比）与阴性对照组比较,P值均 < 0.01;而40 μmol/L黄芩素处理组与siRNA处理组比较,P > 0.05。扫描电镜显示,48 h后20 μmol/L黄芩素组A431细胞伪足数量为（5.3 ± 1.9）个,长度明显缩短,与阴性对照组（22.6 ± 2.8个）比较,P < 0.01;siRNA组为（4.5 ± 2.8）个,与阴性对照组比较,P > 0.05。结论 黄芩素可能通过直接或间接抑制埃兹蛋白表达及其磷酸化而抑制A431细胞的增殖、爬行,从而达到抗肿瘤增殖及浸润转移的目的。     

Spindle cell squamous cell carcinoma not expressing stratified but simple epithelial cytokeratin: efficacy of simple epithelial cytokeratin immunoreactivity

We present two cases of spindle cell squamous cell carcinoma, which were derived from solar keratosis and burn scar in two elderly Japanese patients, respectively. The tumors involved the whole dermis and subcutis in connection with the overlying epidermis. They were composed mainly of anaplastic spindle cells partially forming storiform patterns. The tumor cells were diffusely positive for vimentin and cytokeratin 8/18 (clone CAM5.2, simple epithelial cytokeratin), but negative for cytokeratin 1/5/10/14 (clone 34βE12, stratified epithelial cytokeratin). Ultrastructural analysis of a patient demonstrated desmosomes and tonofilaments in the tumor cells. Although spindle cell squamous cell carcinoma is usually positive for vimentin, detailed cytokeratin profile is controversial. The present cases revealed immunohistochemistry not expressing stratified but simple epithelial cytokeratin and vimentin. We should be reminded of the efficacy of simple epithelial cytokeratin immunoreactivity in spindle cell squamous cell carcinoma.     

埃兹蛋白在皮肤鳞状细胞癌、基底细胞上皮瘤、脂溢性角化病中的表达及临床意义

目的 探讨埃兹蛋白（ezrin）在脂溢性角化病、基底细胞上皮瘤、皮肤鳞状细胞癌中的表达及其与临床病理参数之间的相关性。方法 采用免疫组化法（SP法）检测36例皮肤鳞状细胞癌、27例基底细胞上皮瘤和20例脂溢性角化病、10例正常人皮肤中埃兹蛋白表达水平。结果 埃兹蛋白在正常人皮肤、脂溢性角化病、基底细胞上皮瘤、皮肤鳞状细胞癌中的阳性率分别为20.0%,25.0%,66.7％和91.3%,除脂溢性角化病组外,各肿瘤组与正常人对照组比较,阳性率差异均有统计学意义（H = 40.061,P < 0.01）。埃兹蛋白表达水平与皮肤肿瘤良恶性、与皮肤鳞状细胞癌的病理分级及肿瘤有无淋巴结转移均呈正相关（r分别为0.87,0.80,0.89）。COX回归显示,埃兹蛋白表达水平是皮肤鳞状细胞癌预后的独立影响因素之一。结论 脂溢性角化病、基底细胞上皮瘤、皮肤鳞状细胞癌组织中埃兹蛋白阳性表达水平与皮肤肿瘤的良恶性、皮肤鳞状细胞癌病理分级及有无淋巴结转移有关。     

Jagged1蛋白在银屑病、基底细胞癌及皮肤鳞状细胞癌中的表达

目的探讨Jagged1蛋白在银屑病、基底细胞癌及皮肤鳞状细胞癌中的表达及意义。方法采用免疫组化Envision法检测Jagged1蛋白在银屑病、基底细胞癌及皮肤鳞状细胞癌皮损中的表达。结果 Jagged1蛋白在寻常性银屑病患者皮损中呈阴性表达,在基底细胞癌及皮肤鳞状细胞癌中的表达较正常人皮肤增强,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);Jagged1蛋白在基底细胞癌及皮肤鳞状细胞癌中的表达较银屑病增强,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 Jagged1蛋白在银屑病发病机制中与角质形成细胞异常增生及真皮乳头血管增生等组织病理变化可能不相关,提示此蛋白可能与皮肤恶性肿瘤的异常增生有关。     

七种细胞角蛋白在皮肤上皮性肿瘤中的表达

目的 观察7种细胞角蛋白在皮肤上皮性肿瘤中的表达,并探讨其意义.方法 应用免疫组化S-P法对54例不同的皮肤上皮性肿瘤和20例正常皮肤进行细胞角蛋白7(K72.2)、细胞角蛋白8(C-51)、细胞角蛋白10(DE-K10)、细胞角蛋白14(LL002)、细胞角蛋白17(E3)、细胞角蛋白18(DC10)、细胞角蛋白19(KS19.1)标记,观察不同细胞角蛋白的表达.结果 54例皮肤上皮性肿瘤包括,鳞状细胞癌10例、基底细胞癌10例、毛发肿瘤19例、皮脂腺癌2例、汗腺肿瘤13例.皮肤上皮性肿瘤中7种细胞角蛋白的表达和分布有所不同.鳞状细胞癌、基底细胞癌和毛发分化的肿瘤中细胞角蛋白多数呈弥漫表达;而汗腺分化的肿瘤中,不同部位表达不同细胞角蛋白,每种肿瘤各有特点.结论 选择地检测一组细胞角蛋白的联合表达,有助于皮肤上皮性肿瘤的诊断和鉴别诊断.     

皮肤鳞状细胞癌2例报告

临床资料例1患者,男,65岁。主因右颞部皮肤肿块1年余,渐增大5个月,于2007年5月初就诊我科。1年前右颞部出现一绿豆大小丘疹,近5个月增大明显并破溃,当地给予局部抗炎处理,疗效欠佳。发病     

Lamin expression in normal human skin,actinic keratosis,squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Aberrant expression patterns of nuclear lamins have been described in various types of cancer depending on the subtype of cancer, its aggressiveness, proliferative capacity and degree of differentiation. In general, the expression of A-type lamins (lamins A and C) has been correlated with a non-proliferating, differentiated state of cells and tissues. OBJECTIVES: To establish and compare the expression patterns of lamins in normal human skin, actinic keratosis (AK), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC). METHODS: Expression patterns of the individual lamin subtypes were studied immunohistochemically. The proliferation capacity of the tumour cells was detected using a specific antibody to Ki-67, and was related to the A-type lamin expression patterns. RESULTS: In normal skin, lamin A was expressed in the suprabasal cell compartment of the epidermis, whereas the basal cells were mostly unstained. BCCs and SCCs stained positive in most cells, while the epidermis overlying BCC and SCC and the epidermis in AK stained homogeneously and strongly in the basal cells in addition to the suprabasal cells. Lamin C was expressed in some basal cells of normal epidermis while the suprabasal cells stained strongly positive. Both BCCs and SCCs stained strongly positive for lamin C, with the difference that in BCC the staining was predominantly present in nucleolar structures with occasional staining of the nuclear envelope. The epidermis overlying SCC showed strong positivity in the lamina of virtually all cells. The expression of lamin C in the basal cells of AK resembled the expression pattern seen in the epidermis overlying BCC, i.e. a nucleolar staining next to nuclear envelope staining. Lamin B1 and B2 were found in virtually all cells in normal epidermis, AK, BCC, SCC and the epidermis overlying cancer. The percentage of Ki-67-expressing cells was highest in BCC (45%), and gradually decreased via epidermis overlying BCC, AK, SCC, and epidermis overlying SCC, to normal skin (11%). Simultaneous expression of A-type lamins and Ki-67 occurred in approximately 50% of the proliferating (Ki-67 positive) cells in BCC and SCC. CONCLUSIONS: Significant changes occur in the expression patterns of A-type lamins in both premalignant and malignant lesions of the skin. The profound overlap of lamin A and Ki-67 staining patterns indicates that the proliferating tumour cells may obtain a certain degree of differentiation. Finally, lamin A expression in the basal cell layer of the apparently normal epidermis overlying BCC may suggest its involvement in the primary process.     

Pseudovascular squamous cell carcinoma of the skin

The presence of acantholysis in squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) may rarely be so extreme that, histologically, it mimics a vascular tumour. However, careful histological examination and immunohistochemical study usually lead to the correct diagnosis. We describe such a case to highlight the clinico-pathological features of this rare form of cutaneous malignancy and to emphasize the difficulties in establishing the correct diagnosis. We also review similar cases reported in the literature. Pseudovascular SCC shows a higher degree of recurrence and metastasis than other variants of SCC. Acantholytic foci in these tumours may demonstrate changes in keratinocyte differentiation markers, and this may explain the more aggresive biological behaviour in the pseudovascular variant of SCC.     

Monocyte Fc-IgG receptors expression and soluble suppressor factor in skin squamous cell carcinoma

The expression of Fc-IgG receptors on mononuclear phagocytes (monocytes/macrophages), as well as the activity of soluble immune suppressor supernatant of T-cell proliferation (SISS-T) factor have been investigated in 23 patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the lower lip, including 8 patients with metastases in the regional lymph glands. The results demonstrated a significant increase of the expression of Fc-IgG receptors only on circulating monocytes of patients with metastatic SCC. The suppressor function evaluated by means of the SISS-T factor proved normal in patients with nonmetastatic skin SCC and reduced in 8 patients with metastatic SCC.     

皮肤鳞癌中纤维连接蛋白表达对癌生物学行为的影响

观察纤维连接蛋白在皮肤鳞癌中的表现形式,探讨其与ＳＳＣ生物学行为和癌间质巨噬细胞,淋巴细胞反应的关系。用ＦＮ、ＰＣＮＡ、ＣＤ６８地５０例ＳＳＣ作免疫组化染色,检测在癌中的表达。结果显示ＦＮ在ＳＳＣ中表现为３种形式,细胞ＦＮ、基膜ＦＮ与间质ＦＮ,细胞ＦＮ与基膜ＦＮ常同时消失,与ＳＳＣ的生长、分化、增殖,转移密切相关,而且其减少程度与局部ＭφＬｃ浸润量的减少有潜在的平行关系。本文结果说明ＳＳＣ中细胞Ｆ     

肿瘤相关基因NET-1在皮肤鳞状细胞癌中的表达

目的 研究NET-1蛋白在皮肤鳞状细胞癌(SSCC)中表达的临床与病理意义.方法 通过基因生物工程技术制备针对NET-1蛋白大部分细胞外区的多克隆抗体,应用免疫组化SP法检测NET-1基因蛋白在56例SSCC组织、50例皮肤上皮内瘤变(SINⅠ～Ⅲ级)及10例正常人皮肤(NS)组织中的表达.结果 ①NET-1蛋白阳性表达定位清晰,为细胞膜和/或胞质,组织背景非特异性反应弱或无;②NET-1仅表达在SINⅢ中上皮全层,阳性率为93.75%,在SSCC中表达阳性率为96.43%.NET-1在SSCC和SINⅢ中的阳性率显著高于SINⅠ～Ⅱ级,其阳性率为44.22%.③SSCC细胞不同Ki67表达强度、浸润深度和皮肤肿瘤TNM分期中NET-1表达除有显著筹异外,还与NET-1阳性表达呈显著正相关.在不同SSCC组织类型中,疣状鳞癌与梭形细胞鳞癌和经典鳞癌之间NET-1表达有显著差异.结论 本文设计合成的NET-1抗体在SSCC石蜡标本中定位良好,可能是一个新的诊断SSCC的辅助组织学标记.     

PTCH mutations in squamous cell carcinoma of the skin

Ultraviolet light exposure is the major risk factor for the development of squamous cell carcinoma in Caucasians. Mutations in the tumor suppressor gene p53 have been identified in both squamous cell carcinomas and basal cell carcinomas. The human homolog of the Drosophila patched gene, has been shown to be mutated in sporadic basal cell carcinomas; however, mutations in the patched gene have not been found in squamous cell carcinoma. In this study, we screened a total of 20 squamous cell carcinoma samples for mutations in the patched gene. Using polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism as an initial screening method, we identified one non-sense mutation, two mis-sense mutations and three silent mutations in five squamous cell carcinoma samples. In one squamous cell carcinoma sample, we identified a tandem GG-->AA transitional change at nucleotide 3152 in exon 18 of the patched gene that resulted in a premature stop codon at codon 1051. The three squamous cell carcinoma samples containing non-sense and mis-sense mutations were isolated from individuals with histories of multiple basal cell carcinoma. Sequence analysis of the p53 gene in these five squamous cell carcinoma samples identified one CC-->TT and three C-->T ultraviolet-specific nucleotide changes. Our study provides evidence that the patched gene is mutated in squamous cell carcinoma from individuals with a history of multiple basal cell carcinoma. The identification of ultraviolet-specific nucleotide changes in both tumor suppressor genes supports the notion that ultraviolet exposure plays an important part in the development of squamous cell carcinoma.     

Giant neglected squamous cell carcinoma of the skin

Nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) are the most common type of skin tumor, representing about one‐third of all malignancies diagnosed worldwide each year. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common form of NMSCs and the risk of cSCC invasiveness should be assessed on the basis of tumor size, anatomical location, and histological subtype. Although most cSCCs are early diagnosed and successfully treated, in a small percentage of patients with giant cSCC (maximum diameter >5 cm), metastases may occur; treatment options are limited and not really effective. We report the case of a giant metastatic cSCC that had been neglected for more than 20 years. Radiotherapy or surgery were not feasible and polichemotherapy (cisplatin, 5‐fluorouracil and paclitaxel) was not effective. Therefore, the patient was treated with palliative electrochemotherapy (ECT) achieving a partial reduction of cutaneous metastasis and pain relief but unfortunately the patient died 3 months after the second ECT treatment.     

皮肤鳞状细胞癌和基底细胞癌癌细胞表达CD54抗原的免疫电镜研究

为探讨皮肤鳞状细胞癌（鳞癌）和基底细胞癌（基癌）癌细胞上是否低水平表达CD54抗原,应用低温聚合、包埋后染色的胶体金免疫电镜技术,对3例鳞癌和3例基癌CD54免疫组化色阴性的癌细胞进行了研究。在3例鳞癌和3例基癌中,各2例癌细胞表面及突起处观察到CD54胶体金颗粒的存在;其中1例鳞癌张力微丝－桥粒复合体处还可见CD54胶体金颗粒分CD54抗原。该结果可解释皮肤鳞癌和基癌临床上可发生转移,但发生率较低的机理,值得进一步研究。     

Differences of expression of cytokeratin polypeptides in various epithelial skin tumors

Summary In normal skin, cytokeratin polypeptides are expressed in different cell-type-specific patterns, in the keratinocytes of the different epidermal cell strata as well as in different lateral epithelial domains. Using light microscopically controlled microdissection of defined regions from frozen sections of biopsies, we have prepared cytoskeletons of various benign and malignant keratinocyte-derived tumors of human skin and analyzed their cytokeratin polypeptide patterns by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Premalignant fibro-epitheliomas and basal cell epitheliomas display a relatively simple cytokeratin pattern (cytokeratins nos. 5, 14, 15, and 17). Pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia, some squamous cell carcinomas, and a certain subtype of condylomata acuminata present a hair-follicle-like pattern (nos. 5, 6, 14, 16, 17). In addition to these components, variable, mostly low amounts of cytokeratins nos. 1 (M_r 68,000), and 11 are detected in most squamous cell carcinomas, in keratoacanthomas, verruca vulgaris, and another type of condylomata acuminata. In molluscum contagiosum, verruca plana, solar keratosis, and seborrheic keratosis, the cytokeratin expression is shifted more towards the normal epidermal pattern (polypeptides nos. 1, 2, 5, 10, 11, 14, 15 and traces of nos. 6 and 16 in the latter two tumors). No tumor-specific cytokeratins have been found. We conclude that keratinocyte-derived skin tumors contain various combinations of cytokeratins of the subset typical for normal keratinocytes of skin, but no cytokeratins typical for internal, simple epithelia. Different groups of tumors can be distinguished by their specific cytokeratin patterns. Possible applications of cytokeratin typing in clinical diagnosis are discussed.