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1.
Evidence shows that there are significant ethnic variations in prostate cancer prevalence and outcomes. Specifically, Black African and Black Caribbean men may encounter different post‐treatment experiences than Caucasian men due to their disproportionately higher risk of being diagnosed with advanced prostate cancer. But to date, no review of these experiences has been undertaken. This review synthesised findings from existing literature on the post‐treatment experiences of Black African and Black Caribbean men with prostate cancer and identified pertinent issues which may be useful to inform practice and future research. Seven databases were systematically searched using developed search terms. Four qualitative studies were identified and critically appraised. Findings are summarised under four main themes: symptom experience, healthcare experience, marital and social relationships and coping strategies. Cultural definitions of masculinity influenced the meanings men gave to their post‐treatment experiences. While men's experiences of healthcare varied, the provision of professional support to address their post‐treatment distress was lacking. Men derived most support from wives, peers and church communities. A culturally sensitive approach which recognises diversity among Black African and Black Caribbean populations and treats individuals within their religious and socio‐cultural contexts could potentially improve men's post‐treatment experiences. Areas for further research were also identified.  相似文献   

2.
Objectives: Men have higher incidence and mortality rates for nearly all cancers. They are less likely than women to utilise cancer information services and other social support services. The aim of this study was to explore and compare the experience and coping behaviour of men and women after treatment for colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: A longitudinal qualitative study was conducted involving 38 individuals (24 men and 14 women) with CRC. Data were generated using semi‐structured interviews at four time points over an 18‐month period, post‐diagnosis. Interviews focused on participant's experience of CRC and on how gender affected their coping. This paper reports the findings of interviews 3 and 4 which examined the participant's experience after chemotherapy. Results: Three themes emerged from the interviews (‘new normal’, living with uncertainty and support needs). Many men and women reacted similarly; however, there was some variation evident between and within sexes. The main difference was with regard to the long‐term physical side effects of the illness. Many women admitted to still experiencing side effects, whereas many men indicated that they had no problems. These men engaged in practices that aligned with their gender identity and view of masculinity. It must be noted that some men and women were still experiencing an impact. Conclusions: Recovery from the physical and psychological effects of CRC does not occur simultaneously. Healthcare professionals should be aware that not all men (or women) conform to the social stereotypes of masculinity (or femininity). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

3.
Objectives: To investigate cancer patients' desire for psychological support and to identify patients' sociodemographic, disease‐related and psychological factors associated with this desire. Methods: The study is part of a multicenter, cross‐sectional study assessing cancer patients' needs and desire for psychological support. Patients completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Ways of Coping Checklist, the Cancer Rehabilitation Evaluation System and reported their desire for psychological support. Results: Among the 381 included patients, women (26%) desired psychological support significantly more often than men (11%) (p<0.001). Patients' desire for psychological support was associated with being younger (OR=0.94; p<0.001 for women and OR=0.93; p=0.007 for men) and having a support‐seeking coping (OR=1.10; p=0.010 for women and OR=1.36; p=0.003 for men). Other contextual factors such as difficulties encountered and treatment modalities were diversely associated with women and men's desire for psychological support. Neither women's, nor men's psychological distress was associated with their desire for psychological support. Conclusions: One female cancer patient out of four and one male cancer patient out of ten desire psychological support. Results emphasize the need to screen not only for cancer patients' distress but also for their desire for psychological support. This will allow implementing psychological interventions according to patients' needs and desire. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

4.
When a parent is diagnosed with cancer it may create a multitude of concerns and worries, which can be enormously challenging. Despite the increase in research pertaining to parental cancer, there is a paucity of knowledge addressing the impact of cancer on fathers. Fathers' roles are evolving, becoming increasingly diverse and multidimensional. This paper aims to uncover some issues that may be relevant for fathers with cancer. A cancer diagnosis may not solely impact on a man's identity but also on the lives of his children given the contemporary shift from patriarch to more diverse roles. Men and women may share commonalities when diagnosed with cancer but they also experience differences emphasising the need for gender‐sensitive care. This paper highlights the significant role and function that fathers have in their children's lives. It is important that healthcare professionals are aware and pay attention to how gendered responses shape fathers' masculinity and consequently the cancer experience and parenting role. Furthermore this paper highlights the need to gather additional evidence on fathers' experiences when diagnosed and living with cancer. This knowledge can then be used to inform healthcare policy to target fathers, which will benefit both fathers and their children.  相似文献   

5.
This paper aims to report on a systematic review of qualitative studies on men's reflections on participating in cancer rehabilitation. Nine databases were systematically searched to identify qualitative papers published between 2000 and 2013. Papers were selected by pre‐defined inclusion criteria and subsequently critically appraised. Key themes were extracted and synthesised. Fifteen papers were selected and represented. Four central themes were identified in the analytical process: ‘changed life perspective’, ‘the masculinity factor’, ‘a desire to get back to normal’ and ‘the meaning of work’. Six peripheral themes were identified: ‘the meaning of context’, ‘music’, ‘physical training’, ‘religion’, ‘humour’ and ‘the unmentionable’. The themes were synthesised into an integrative model representing men's reflections on participating in cancer rehabilitation. We conclude that existing qualitative literature offers insight into men's reflections on cancer rehabilitation and highlights the interrelationship between men's reflections on their changed life perspective, masculinity, orientation towards a normal life and getting back to work. Further research‐based knowledge is needed to explore (1) the underlying causes and patterns of the men's needs, preferences and choices in rehabilitation; and (2) the health professional perspective on male cancer rehabilitation.  相似文献   

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Objective: This meta‐ethnography synthesises the evidence on the experiences, needs and concerns of younger women with breast cancer. Methods: Using a method called ‘reciprocal translation’ we developed a conceptual model to reflect the local and social contexts, issues, processes, needs and concerns of importance in this literature. Findings: Key findings relate to the particular point in the life‐course at which young women with breast cancer stand. Issues for these women relate to feeling different as a result of cancer, fear of recurrence, feeling ‘out of sync’ and altered embodied subjectivity. Young women with breast cancer use three processes to integrate the changes that cancer brings, namely, balancing, normalising and changing. Our conceptual model also highlights young women's needs, primarily for support, information, childcare, counselling and spiritual support. Areas of reproduction, fertility and sexuality were also of particular concern. The included papers have methodological limitations that impact on our findings, such as opportunistic data analyses, lack of theoretical frameworks and limited reference to socio‐cultural factors. Conclusion: The conceptual model developed as a result of this meta‐ethnography provides a basis for practitioners to address these young women's concerns more adequately and comprehensively. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

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CRAWSHAW M.A. & SLOPER P. (2010) European Journal of Cancer Care ‘Swimming against the tide’– the influence of fertility matters on the transition to adulthood or survivorship following adolescent cancer Psychosocial research into cancer‐related fertility has concentrated on fertility preservation or adult survivors' concerns. This study reports on its hitherto unreported impact over the time from diagnosis to survivorship. Thirty‐eight men and women aged <30, diagnosed as teens, were recruited to an exploratory qualitative study. Analysis used the constant comparison method, considered conceptually within a lifespan approach. Four key experiences of managing fertility matters influenced, or were influenced by, the aftermath of cancer treatment: (1) prioritising ‘normality’ and marginalising fertility; (2) fertility concerns compromising ‘normality’; (3) ongoing impairments/health concerns mediating fertility matters; (4) fertility concerns dominating the cancer legacy. Professional and social networks provided few opportunities to ask questions, receive information, process feelings or develop handling strategies. Beliefs about the extent of fertility damage did not necessarily relate to information received. For some, fertility matters affected identity, well‐being and life planning as well as reproductive function. This was not restricted to particular ages, life stages, gender or time since treatment ended and was heightened by associated stigma and silence. Opportunities for dialogue should be offered regularly across health and social work disciplines given fertility's psychological and social as well as medical significance.  相似文献   

10.
Objective: To develop a better understanding of how men react to being diagnosed with prostate cancer and identify factors that influence these responses, we conducted an observational study to identify sociocultural predictors of men's psychological reactions. Methods: Participants were 70 African American and 124 white prostate cancer patients who completed a structured telephone interview that evaluated psychological reactions in terms of intrusive thoughts about cancer and attempts to avoid cancer‐related thoughts and feelings. Perceptions of disease‐specific stress, cultural beliefs and values, and social constraints were also assessed during the interview. Results: There were no racial differences in men's reactions to being diagnosed with prostate cancer; however, greater perceptions of disease‐specific stress, increasing levels of present temporal orientation, and more social constraints had significant positive effects on avoidant reactions. Greater perceptions of stress also had a significant positive effect on intrusive thoughts. Conclusions: The results of this study highlight the need for individualized approaches to help men address their thoughts and feelings about being diagnosed with prostate cancer. These efforts should include strategies that help men to communicate more effectively with social support resources and address cultural beliefs and values related to temporal orientation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

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Objective: Focus on cancer survivorship and quality of life (QOL) is a growing priority. The aim of this study was to identify and describe the most salient psychosocial concerns related to sexual functioning among African‐American (AA) prostate cancer survivors and their spouses. Methods: Twelve AA prostate cancer survivors and their spouses participated in semi‐structured individual interviews. The interviews assessed couples' experiences with psychosocial adjustment and sexual functioning posttreatment for localized prostate cancer. The data were analyzed using the constant comparison method and content analysis. Results: In this qualitative study of couples surviving prostate cancer, there were divergent views between the male prostate cancer survivors and their female partners, particularly regarding sexual functioning. For the males, QOL issues emerged as the primary area of concern, whereas survival of their husbands was considered most important among the female spouses. The male respondents expressed unease with the sexual side effects of their cancer treatment, such as erectile dysfunction and decreased sexual desire and satisfaction. Female spouses recognized decreased sexual desire in their partners following treatment, but this was not considered a primary concern. Conclusions: Patients and their spouses may have differing perceptions regarding QOL and the impact of sexual functioning on survivorship. This study points to the need for further research and intervention development to address these domains with a goal to improve QOL. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

13.
Objective: While the population in the western world is aging and cancer survival rates are increasing, there is a lack of knowledge concerning factors affecting social support and its relation to coping and distress among older patients. The aim of the current study is to assess the impact of marital status and gender upon levels of psychological distress, coping, and social support among middle‐aged and older unmarried (divorced/widowed) and married colorectal cancer patients. Methods: Samples of 339 male and female colorectal patients were recruited from three major cancer centers in Israel. Participants' psychological distress, coping styles and social support were assessed using four self‐report standardized instruments. Results: Two‐way MANOVAs and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used to assess the relationships between the study variables. High levels of distress were found among unmarried and male patients. Married men reported on significantly higher levels of spouse support than married women. Family support was correlated with psychological distress only among married patients. Surprisingly, spiritual‐religious support was found to be correlated among some of the study groups with Helplessness and Fatalism. Conclusions: The results support the assumption that married patients cope better with cancer than unmarried patients and that women cope better than men. These differences may be related to the cultural mores of Israeli society in which men are expected to play the ‘hero’ role or to a generally lower ability of men to use social support and of unmarried patients to get family support. Practical conclusions in terms of intervention are discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

14.
This study explores prostate cancer patients' experiences of rehabilitation after radiotherapy with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Patients who had completed a multidisciplinary rehabilitation programme with psychosocial support and physiotherapy were interviewed in two focus groups: Group 1 consisted of six men who came to the rehabilitation with their spouses, and Group 2 of seven men who came alone. Meaning condensation was used to analyse the interviews. Radiotherapy was described as full‐time work. Adverse effects due to ADT influencing masculinity and identity were emphasised. The men embraced life with a particular sense of humour. Whether rehabilitation was experienced as useful depended on the health professionals' approach, and on the patients' motivation and effort to contribute to health promotion, and to convert experiences into coping strategies. The supportive role of the spouse was emphasised by several, but some men preferred to handle the process alone. In conclusion, men undergoing ADT should be carefully informed of the consequences. Spousal involvement in rehabilitation must be decided by the patient. The focus group interviews themselves had a positive impact on the men's understanding of their rehabilitation processes. The specific male approach and differences between the needs of female and male cancer patients are important to understand when planning rehabilitation.  相似文献   

15.
Access and recruitment barriers may have contributed to the underrepresentation of Black African/Caribbean men and their partners in current psychosocial research related to prostate cancer survivors. Whilst some studies have explored recruitment barriers and facilitators from participants’ perspectives, little is known from researchers' point of view. This paper aimed to address this gap in the literature. Recruitment strategies included the following: cancer support groups, researchers’ networks, media advertisement, religious organisations, National Health Service hospitals and snowball sampling. Thirty‐six eligible participants (men = 25, partners = 11) were recruited into the study. Recruitment barriers comprised of gate‐keeping and advertisement issues and the stigma associated with prostate cancer disclosure. Facilitators which aided recruitment included collaborating with National Health Service hospitals, snowball sampling, flexible data collection, building rapport with participants to gain their trust and researcher's attributes. Findings highlight that “hard to reach” Black African/Caribbean populations may be more accessible if researchers adopt flexible but strategic and culturally sensitive recruitment approaches. Such approaches should consider perceptions of stigma associated with prostate cancer within these communities and the influence gatekeepers can have in controlling access to potential participants. Increased engagement with healthcare professionals and gatekeepers could facilitate better access to Black African/Caribbean populations so that their voices can be heard and their specific needs addressed within the healthcare agenda.  相似文献   

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Objective: This study investigated the relationship between cancer patient's values and cancer related distress. Method: A total of 107 patients with cancer diagnoses completed an anonymous questionnaire. Results: Less self‐regulating motivation for health values was significantly related to poorer well‐being. Greater success at living one's values was significantly related to improved well‐being and distress‐related outcomes. Sex difference analysis suggested that success at friendship values was linked to less cancer‐related distress among women, but not men, whereas success at romantic relationship values was linked to less distress among men, but not women. Conclusion: The results have important implications for values focused interventions, highlighting the importance of facilitating success at valued living and attending to sex differences among cancer patients. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

18.
Abstract

Steadily rising breast cancer rates in America's women are forcing more men to confront challenges of living with a partner afflicted with this disease. This study assesses teh impact of mutual emotional support as perceived by male partners on their adjustment to the diagnosis and the illness and on interactions between their perceied emotional support nd their coping methods. Seventy-one male partners of newly-diagnosed breast cancer patients completed standardized instruments that measured emotional wellbeing, illness intrusiveness, emotional support, dyadic coping styles and demographic factors. Regression analysis revealed significant associations between perceived emotional support and men's coping strategies, and between coping styles and illness intrusiveness. Also, a history of depression predisposes men to poorer adjustment and affects their coping patterns. Findings suggest that as the health care system continues to relocate burden of care to partners and families, social workers must increase their understanding of how to effectively assist patients' partners. This study emphasizes the need to work with patients and partners to develop positive coping strategies as a couple.  相似文献   

19.
Objective: To examine the psychological impact of a referral and telephone intervention, involving information and support, among men with colorectal cancer (CRC) and prostate cancer. Methods: 571 newly diagnosed male CRC (N=182) and prostate (N=389) cancer patients were block‐randomised into three arms. In the two intervention arms, the specialist actively referred men to a Cancer Helpline. In Active Referral—4 outcalls, men received calls from the Helpline within 1 week of diagnosis, and at 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months post‐diagnosis. In Active Referral—1 outcall, men received one call within 1 week of diagnosis. In the control arm, Passive Referral, patients were referred to the Helpline, with contact at their initiative. Participants completed scales measuring cancer‐specific distress, anxiety and depression at study entry, then 4, 7 and 12 months post‐diagnosis. Random effects regression models compared rates of change in these outcomes between study arms. Results: At the first outcall, over 85% of participants in both intervention arms discussed treatment management and psychological/emotional issues. Among the Active Referral—4 outcalls arm, over 80% of participants discussed psychological/emotional issues at each call. Mean changes over time in cancer‐specific distress, anxiety and depression were similar between study arms. Conclusion: Although men were willing to discuss psychosocial issues via the telephone, we found no psychological impact. Further research is required to determine whether the intervention is more effective for patients who do not have psychosocial support or have unmet information needs. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

20.
Objective: To explore how female breast cancer patients experience work incapacity during the treatment and return‐to‐work phases and how interactions between patients and stakeholders affect this experience. Method: Database search for full text articles published between January 1995 and January 2008 that focused on employed female breast cancer patients, factors related to work incapacity, and returning to work. Only results based on self‐report data were included. Studies focusing on treatment, financial factors, rate of return, or absence were excluded. Results: Six articles met the inclusion criteria. Women with breast cancer receive varied reactions but little advice about returning to work. Women were primarily concerned with disclosing the diagnosis to their employer and to relatives. Uncertainties about physical appearance, ability to work, and possible job loss affected the women's decisions about working during the treatment phase. After treatment, most women wanted to regain their ‘normal life’, but concentration and arm or fatigue problems potentially interfered. Although supportive work environments were helpful, the individual needs of women differed. Employers and employees need to find a balance in defining accommodating work. Many women received favourable support, but some reported feeling discriminated against. Many women re‐evaluated the role of work in their lives after being confronted with breast cancer. Conclusion: Work adjustments could help women to keep their jobs during illness and recovery. To resolve women's concerns about returning to work, employers, physicians, and insurance institutions should consider increasing and improving communication with breast cancer patients and playing a more active and supportive role. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

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