Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome after Rituximab Infusion

Rituximab, a humanized monoclonal antibody approved for malignant lymphoma, is being increasingly, effectively, and safely used for immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and other humoral autoimmune disorders. We report the case of a 43-year-old man with ITP refractory to steroids and intravenous immunoglobulin who developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) after a single infusion of rituximab. Dyspnea, hypoxemia, and pleuritic chest pain occurred within 24 hours of rituximab administration, and there was no other apparent explanation. Progressive hypoxemia mandated endotracheal intubation 1 week after rituximab administration and led to death 4 weeks after admission. ARDS has been associated with the administration of other monoclonal antibodies, such as infliximab, gemtuzumab ozogamicin, and OKT3 and is believed to be directly mediated by release of proinflammatory cytokines. ARDS is rarely associated with rituximab infusion for lympho-proliferative disorders, but it should be considered by those administering rituximab, especially when a patient develops severe pulmonary symptoms soon after infusion.     

高频程序通气在多发伤后急性呼吸窘迫综合征中的应用

目的探讨高频程序通气治疗多发伤后急性呼吸窘迫综合征的效果。方法对60例多发伤引起的急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者进行高频程序通气,观察通气前后动脉血气、血流动力学指标变化。结果治疗24h后氧分压、二氧化碳分压、血氧饱和度较治疗前均明显改善,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;平均动脉压、心率、中心静脉压与通气前相比差异无统计学意义。结论应用高频程序通气能改善多发伤者急性呼吸窘迫综合征氧合状况。     

急性呼吸窘迫综合征在重症急性胰腺炎治疗过程中的临床意义

目的 探讨急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）在重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）治疗过程中的临床意义.方法 回顾性分析2003年7月至2006年7月收治的76例SAP患者的临床特点、病程演变趋势和治疗效果,其中29例合并ARDS,经有效呼吸支持,病人情况不稳定,脏器功能无好转.及时行外科手术干预治疗.结果 76例SAP存活64例,死亡12例,存活率84.21%;SAP病程中合并ARDS 29例,存活21例,死亡8例,存活率72.41%,其中手术干预15例,存活10例,死亡5例,存活率66.67%.结论 正确认识和处理SAP病程中并发ARDS,合理选择外科干预方式,对于决定SAP预后至关重要.     

肺保护性机械通气在小儿心脏术后合并急性呼吸窘迫综合征治疗中的应用

目的 :探讨、评价肺保护性机械通气策略治疗 2 8例急性呼吸窘迫综合征 (ARDS)患儿时对避免与机械通气相关性肺损伤所起的作用。　　方法 :对 2 8例先天性心脏病术后单纯并发 ARDS患儿采用 1高呼吸频率 ;2低潮气量 ;3限制气道峰压 ;4早期使用高呼吸末正压等通气模式 ,并在血液动力学监测下适当允许高碳酸血症。　　结果 :与以往病例的治疗结果比 ,全组患者并发症低 ,无死亡。住院天数减少。　　结论 :本组患儿治疗结果较好 ,作者认为要更新对 ARDS病理改变的认识 ,使用有针对性的肺保护性通气策略 ,避免与机械通气相关性肺的再损伤有关。     

恶性血液病并发急性呼吸窘迫综合征29例临床分析

目的 :探讨恶性血液病并发急性呼吸窘迫综合征 (ARDS)的高危因素、临床特征、治疗及预后 ,提高对恶性血液病并发ARDS的诊治水平。方法 :回顾性分析 2 9例恶性血液病并发ARDS患者的临床资料。结果 :恶性血液病并发ARDS而死亡者 12例 ;因感染而诱发ARDS 18例(6 2 .1% ) ;并发多器官功能衰竭 (MOF) 3例 ,均死亡。治愈组和死亡组年龄与氧合指数均有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :对有发生ARDS高危因素的恶性血液病患者应积极预防 ,早期诊断 ;在纠正低氧血症的同时 ,针对病因治疗 ;对因感染而诱发ARDS的患者 ,早期应经验性使用强效广谱抗生素及重组人粒 单集落刺激因子。年龄较大及多器官功能衰竭者预后差     

Severe H1N1-Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Case Series

Background

Acute respiratory distress syndrome resulting from novel influenza A virus (H1N1) infection remains uncommon.

Methods

We describe the clinical profiles of adult patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome due to microbiologically confirmed H1N1 admitted to a medical intensive care unit in San Francisco, California over a 2-month period.

Results

Between June 1 and July 31, 2009, 7 patients (age range: 25-66 years; 4 patients under the age of 40 years; 6 male; 1 pregnant) were diagnosed with H1N1, with 5 of 6 (83%) having initial false-negative rapid testing. All developed respiratory failure complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome, with 4 additionally developing multiorgan dysfunction. All were managed with a lung protective ventilator strategy (average number of days on the ventilator: 16), and 4 patients also required additional rescue therapies for refractory hypoxemia, including very high positive end-expiratory pressure, inhaled epoprostenol, recruitment maneuvers, and prone positioning. Despite these measures, 3 patients (43%) ultimately died.

Conclusions

Clinicians should be vigilant for the potential of H1N1 infection to progress to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome in a variety of patient demographics, including younger patients without baseline cardiopulmonary disease. A high degree of suspicion is critical, especially with the relative insensitivity of rapid testing, and should prompt empiric antiviral therapy.     

肺保护性通气对严重胸外伤致急性呼吸窘迫综合征疗效的影响研究

目的探讨小潮气量（LTV）加呼气末正压（PEEP）机械通气（MV）治疗严重胸外伤致急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）的疗效。方法以28例常规潮气量（8～12ml/kg）MV为对照组,30例小潮气量（5～7ml/kg）加用PEEP的MV模式为观察组,比较两组血气,RR、HR、MAP、CVP、呼吸机所致肺损伤（VILI）、多脏器功能不全（MODS）发生率及ARDS病死率。结果两组PaO2差异无显著性意义;观察组PaCO2高于对照组;观察组出现6例VILI、4例MODS及死亡3例,对照组13例VILI、7例MODS、死亡5例。结论在ARDS治疗中采用小潮气量加PEEP及允许范围内高碳酸血症（PHC）的肺保护性通气策略,可明显改善缺氧,减少VILI发生,从而降低病死率。