Pathological fracture complicating long bone osteomyelitis in patients with sickle cell disease

Pathological fracture of long bones occurred in 26 of 129 (20.2%) consecutive patients with sickle cell disease and osteomyelitis. The 26 patients were in either the first (17 subjects) or second (nine subjects) decade of life. The male:female ratio was 9:4. The fracture was significantly more common in acute than in chronic osteomyelitis (p less than 0.05) and in gram-negative than in staphylococcal infection (p less than 0.0001). Therefore, acute long bone osteomyelitis in young patients with sickle cell disease should be immobilized rigidly early and until sufficient new bone has formed, particularly in young West African boys with whole diaphyseal, gram-negative infection.     

Factors associated with early onset post-traumatic syringomyelia

Study design:Retrospective study.Objectives:To identify factors associated with the development of early onset post-traumatic syringomyelia within 5 years of spinal cord injury.Setting:Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Korea.Methods:We retrospectively examined the records of 502 patients with traumatic cervical or thoracic spinal cord injury who underwent follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations more than once a year for at least 5 years. Patients were assessed in terms of the neurological level of injury, the severity of initial spinal cord injury, the use of surgery and the extent of spinal canal involvement. The latter was evaluated by calculating the shortest antero-posterior diameter of the injured vertebral canal and the spinal reserve capacity as shown on MRI at the time of trauma onset and at the time of diagnosis of syringomyelia.Results:Syringomyelia developed within 5 years in 37 (7.3%) of the 502 patients. The mean age of these 37 patients was 44.6 years (range, 17-67 years) and the mean interval from spinal cord injury to onset of syringomyelia was 38.8 months (range, 2-54 months). The development of post-traumatic syringomyelia within 5 years was not significantly related to the severity or level of injury, the use of spinal surgery or the extent of spinal canal encroachment (P≥0.05 for each comparison).Conclusion:Early onset syringomyelia occurring within 5 years after spinal cord injury was not associated with neurological injury level, severity of injury, the use of spinal surgery or canal encroachment.     

Factors associated with postoperative atrial fibrillation and other adverse events after cardiac surgery

Objective

The study objective was to evaluate the impact of various surgical characteristics and practices on the risk of postoperative atrial fibrillation and other adverse outcomes after cardiac surgery.

影响肝内胆管细胞癌手术疗效的因素分析

目的 探讨影响肝内胆管细胞癌(intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma,ICC)手术疗效的因素.方法回顾218例手术治疗的ICC患者资料,对随访的158例患者行单因素(Kaplan-Meier法)及多因素(Cox Regression法)分析.结果 158例中,术后1、3、5年生存率分别为52.9%,23.4%,16.7%,中位生存时间15.5个月.单因素分析显示,肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移、肝内转移、癌栓、手术方式、TNM分期与预后显著相关.多因素分析,显示肿瘤肝内转移(wald=4.071,P=0.044)、肝外淋巴结转移(wald=8.713,P=0.003)为影响预后的独立因素.行规则性肝叶切除的93例患者(58.9%,93/158),其生存率明显高于肿瘤局部切除者(Log-rank=14.63,P=0.0001),行淋巴结清扫者的术后生存率明显高于其他方式处理者(Log-rank=5.49,P=0.0191).肝外淋巴结转移数量1～2枚者,其预后明显优于≥3枚或融合成团者(Log-rank=8.09,P=0.0045).结论 ICC肿瘤伴有肝内转移、肝外淋巴结转移或转移淋巴结数量较多(≥3枚)是影响手术疗效的重要因素,而规则性肝叶(或段)切除加淋巴结清扫,可提高术后的生存率.     

Results of the treatment of patients with post-traumatic osteomyelitis]

The author cites the nearest and remote (up to 13 years) results of treatment of 152 patients with posttraumatic osteomyelitis of the bones of crus and femur. On the basis of analysis of clinical data there are recommended the terms (3-6 months) of radical-restorative operations in patients with osteomyelitis and is drawn attention to the considerable frequency of the joint contractures.     

Mycobacterium marinum osteomyelitis of a long bone

Mycobacterium marinum can uncommonly cause osteomyelitis of small bones of extremities. The reported cases in literature are reviewed. We report a rare case of long bone osteomyelitis which as far as we are aware, has never been described before. Even though this organism normally causes infection in the superficial cooler regions of the body, clinicians should be aware of the possibility of long bone osteomyelitis in patients with a history of immune compromise and the appropriate treatment strategy in such cases.     

Pre-and postoperative factors associated with functional outcomes in patients with posterior malleolar fractures

IntroductionRecent studies on posterior malleolar fractures mainly focus on the reduction quality and fixation of the posterior fragment since it contributes to ankle stability and articular congruency. However, the association of pre-and postoperative factors considering the whole ankle joint in postoperative functional outcomes remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the association between pre-and postoperative variables for postoperative functional outcomes in patients with posterior malleolar fragments (classified as Haraguchi type I or II) and considered the association between reduction and fixation for small posterior malleolar fragments of less than 25% of the intra-articular surface.MethodsThis multicenter retrospective cohort study included 110 adult patients who underwent internal fixation for ankle fractures with posterior malleolar fragments. The primary outcome was the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score 12-months postoperatively. As pre-and postoperative variables, the preoperative demographic data, radiographic findings, operative method, postoperative radiographic findings, and complications were evaluated. In addition, univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the association between pre-and postoperative variables and AOFAS scores.ResultsTwenty-four (21.8%) cases had postoperative complications. Univariate analysis showed that age was significantly according to AOFAS score-stratified groups in patients with Haraguchi type II fractures. Multivariable logistic regression analysis using bootstrapping in the Haraguchi type II group showed that postoperative complications were significantly associated with low AOFAS scores, indicating poor functionality. In both fracture types, postoperative complications had the highest odds ratio among the explanatory variables. In patients with small posterior malleolar fragments, fragment reduction, fixation, and ankle stability were not associated with AOFAS scores.ConclusionsOur results suggest that postoperative complications were associated with AOFAS scores at postoperative 12 months in patients with ankle fractures with posterior malleolar fragments. In patients with small posterior malleolar fragments, reduction and fixation were not associated with AOFAS scores. Therefore, clinical decisions for posterior fragment fixation should be made based on the possible risk of complications related to the surgical procedures in addition to the posterior malleolar fragment size.     

Impairment of specific host defense mechanisms in patients with chronic post-traumatic osteomyelitis

We studied both in vivo and in vitro specific host defense mechanisms in patients suffering from chronic post-traumatic osteomyelitis (n = 26). The cell-mediated immunity in vivo was impaired as indicated by the reduced reactivity in the delayed type hypersensitivity skin test. The concanavalin A or phytohemagglutinin-induced T-cell proliferation in vitro was markedly decreased in comparison to healthy donors. In contrast, B-cell proliferation stimulated by Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I was not altered. While the absolute lymphocyte counts and the percentage of T, B, and O cells were within the normal range, nine out of the 26 patients showed a significantly diminished ratio of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Humoral immunity in the patients was less affected as assessed by the unchanged serum levels of immunoglobulins (Ig). However, the T-cell dependent polyclonal Ig synthesis after in vitro stimulation with pokeweed mitogen was suppressed. Our results provide evidence that cell-mediated immune functions are predominantly impaired in patients with post-traumatic osteomyelitis which may contribute to the persistence of the localized bone infection.     

影响维持性血液透析患者骨密度相关因素分析

目的观察维持性血液透析患者骨质疏松现状,研究骨密度及骨代谢指标间关系,讨论影响骨质疏松的危险因素。方法选取维持性血液透析患者125例,收集一般资料及透析相关信息,检测25羟维生素D,骨源性碱性磷酸酶,跟骨骨密度,进行横断面研究。应用SPSS19.0软件,P0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果维持性血液透析患者骨质疏松发生率为48%,25羟维生素D缺乏为30.4%。不同性别间骨质疏松患病率差异无统计学意义。绝经女性骨密度显著低于未绝经女性(P0.001)。女性25羟维生素D水平显著低于男性(P=0.026)。肾小管间质性疾病者骨密度明显低于慢性肾小球肾炎者(P=0.001)。不运动者骨密度明显低于运动者(P0.001)。骨密度与年龄,透析龄显著负相关(r=-0.387,P0.001,r=-0.190 P=0.034)。老龄、绝经、轻体重、不运动、肾移植是维持性透析患者骨质疏松的危险因素。结论维持性血液透析患者骨质疏松和25羟维生素D缺乏发生率高,但二者间无相关性。老龄、绝经、轻体重、不运动、肾移植后应用激素及免疫抑制剂是终末期肾病维持性透析患者骨质疏松的危险因素。     

采用带血管腓骨移植一期修复慢性骨髓炎大段骨缺损

目的 探索慢性骨髓炎大段骨早期摘除后骨缺损的一期修复效果。方法 胫骨慢性骨髓炎并大段骨清除后,作吻合血管腓骨移植一期予以重建１８例;作炎性骨段切除,采肜带血管蒂腓骨移位一期予以修复２例。结果 胫骨慢性骨髓炎在摘除在大段死骨后应用吻合血管腓骨移植或带血管腓骨移植或带血管蒂腓骨移位重建。术后３￣６个月见重建骨完全骨性愈合,邻近关节诸骨受累的炎症得到完全控制;修复肢体的功能与外形恢复令人满意。结论 对慢     

Evaluation of adverse health outcomes associated with vertebral fractures

Little is known about the frequency or degree to which vertebral fractures cause pain and physical disability. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the advantages of risk analysis over other statistical techniques (e.g., correlation analysis) for quantifying relationships between vertebral fractures and outcomes such as pain and disability. Subjects who volunteered to participate in studies of osteoporosis were asked about pain and disability. The number and degree of vertebral deformities were assessed from radiographs. Strong associations were observed between the most severe vertebral deformities and the risk of high pain or disability scores, while weaker associations were observed for moderate deformities. There did not appear to be any association between vertebral deformity and risk of moderate levels of pain or disability. Because of the potential for bias in cross-sectional studies such as this, the magnitude of these findings must be considered tentative. We conclude that risk analysis is an appropriate method for quantifying the relationship of vertebral fractures with pain and disability, but that prospective studies are now needed.     

Improved postoperative outcomes associated with preoperative statin therapy

Statin therapy is well established for prevention of cardiovascular disease. Statins may also reduce postoperative mortality and morbidity via a pleiotropic (non-lipid-lowering) effect. The authors conducted a meta-analysis to determine the influence of statin treatment on adverse postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac, vascular, or noncardiovascular surgery. Two independent authors abstracted data from 12 retrospective and 3 prospective trials (n = 223,010 patients). A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the overall effect of preoperative statin therapy on postoperative outcomes. Preoperative statin therapy was associated with 38% and 59% reduction in the risk of mortality after cardiac (1.9% vs. 3.1%; P = 0.0001) and vascular (1.7% vs. 6.1%; P = 0.0001) surgery, respectively. When including noncardiac surgery, a 44% reduction in mortality (2.2% vs. 3.2%; P = 0.0001) was observed. Preoperative statin therapy may reduce postoperative mortality in patients undergoing surgical procedures. However, the statin associated effects on postoperative cardiovascular morbidity are too variable to draw any conclusion.