藏药灰枝紫菀生药学鉴别

目的:研究藏药灰枝紫菀的性状及显微特征,为其生药学鉴别提供理论依据。方法:采用性状、显微鉴别方法研究藏药灰枝紫菀的生药学特性。结果:灰枝紫菀茎多分枝,帚状,皮灰褐色,撕裂,嫩枝纤细,被密短糙毛或柔毛。叶上表面被短糙毛,下表面被柔毛。头状花序在枝端密集成伞房状或单生;花序梗细,长1～2.5 cm,有疏生的苞叶。灰枝紫菀根皮层宽广,可见众多石细胞,皮层内侧可见4～6个分泌道。茎横切面呈圆形,外被角质层,木质部导管呈放射状排列。叶上、下表皮均有腺毛,厚角组织1～2层,栅栏组织紧密分布,气孔不定式,3～4个保卫细胞。粉末黄棕色。腺毛和非腺毛较多。冠毛为多裂性分枝状,各分枝为单细胞,花粉粒黄色,具3孔沟,表面具尖刺状雕纹,石细胞单个散在,呈类方形,层纹及孔沟较明显,无色。可见花冠裂片表面具棒槌状突起。导管多为网状纹理和螺纹导管。偶见草酸钙簇晶和方晶。结论:灰枝紫菀干燥药材性状特征,根、茎、叶横切面和叶表面显微特征,以及全草粉末显微特征均可显示其独特鲜明的生药学特性,以性状特征和全草粉末特征最为突出,为灰枝紫菀的生药学鉴定和质量标准制定提供参考。     

旋花苗的生药学研究

目的:对旋花苗进行生药学研究,为临床应用和开发利用提供参考资料。方法:采用性状鉴定和显微鉴定。结果:旋花苗茎横切面的皮层和髓部薄壁细胞发达,维管束类型为双韧型维管束。叶横切面栅栏组织由2列短柱状细胞组成,主脉维管束也是双韧型维管束。粉末中导管和纤维较多,气孔为平轴式。结论:旋花苗的这些生药学特征可用于鉴别该生药。     

旋花苗的生药学研究

目的：对旋花苗进行生药学研究，为临床应用和开发利用提供参考资料。方法：采用性状鉴定和显微鉴定。结果：旋花苗茎横切面的皮层和髓部薄壁细胞发达，维管柬类型为双韧型维管柬。叶横切面栅栏组织由2列短柱状细胞组成，主脉维管柬也是双韧型维管柬。粉末中导管和纤维较多，气孔为平轴式。结论：旋花苗的这些生药学特征可用于鉴别该生药。     

过江龙及楹树的生药学研究

目的对过江龙、楹树两种有毒药用植物进行生药学研究，为临床应用、中毒抢救和开发利用提供参考资料。方法采用药材性状鉴定、显微鉴定、理化鉴定方法。结果发现过江龙茎横切面皮层较宽，中间具纤维束，环状排列。叶横切面的中脉维管束上方有栅栏组织通过。根、茎、叶粉末中嵌晶纤维众多，胞腔大。楹树嫩茎横切面呈五棱形，韧皮部外侧具厚壁组织，连成环带状，正对棱角处下方具大小不等维管束，髓部仅一侧具异常维管束。结论以上生药学特征可作为过江龙、楹树的主要鉴别依据。     

芙蓉菊的生药学鉴定

目的：对芙蓉菊进行生药学鉴定,为今后药材的研究和开发利用提供依据。方法：采用性状鉴定和显微鉴定法。结果：描述了药材性状、横切面构造及粉末显微特征。结论：药材根、茎、叶横切面及粉末的显微构造特征明显,为其进一步开发利用提供了可靠的鉴定依据。     

两种有毒壮药的生药学研究

目的对帘子藤、乌饭树两种有毒壮药进行生药学研究,为临床应用、中毒抢救和开发利用提供参考资料.方法采用药材性状鉴定,显微鉴定,理化鉴定方法.结果发现帘子藤根横切面皮层由5~8层细胞组成;韧皮部帽状;皮层、韧皮部、射线细胞均含大量淀粉粒.根粉末中淀粉粒众多,以单粒为主,石细胞多数,导管多为具缘纹孔导管,簇晶多菱形,棱角较尖锐.乌饭树根横切面皮层分布有石细胞群;木质部宽广,年轮明显.根粉末中纤维成束,壁厚,针晶多见.结论以上生药学特征可作为帘子藤、乌饭树的主要鉴别依据.     

细茎石斛的生药学研究

目的:对中药石斛中的细茎石斛进行生药学研究.方法:采用性状、组织横切面及粉末显微鉴别方法.结果与结论:细茎石斛茎和气生根的横切面、维管束鞘纤维、硅质块、草酸钙针晶束等可作为鉴定依据,为中药石斛中的细茎石斛的质量标准的制订和开发利用提供科学依据.     

细茎石斛的生药学研究

目的：对中药石斛中的细茎石斛进行生药学研究。方法：采用性状、组织横切面及粉末显微鉴别方法。结果与结论：细茎石斛茎和气生根的横切面、维管束鞘纤维、硅质块、草酸钙针晶束等可作为鉴定依据，为中药石斛中的细茎石斛的质量标准的制订和开发利用提供科学依据。     

药材南天竹的组织学鉴定

目的:通过对南天竹的根、茎、叶、果实进行系统的形态组织学研究,为其真伪鉴定提供依据。方法:采用性状鉴定方法对南天竹各药用部位进行外观特征描述;并采用石蜡切片技术和粉末制片技术对各药用部位如根、茎、叶、花、果实等横切面和粉末的显微特征进行观察,绘制墨线图并拍照。结果:发现该原植物形态特征与本草描述一致;药材性状为根、茎、叶、花、果实类生药特点;根横切面无髓部;茎横切面中可见皮层有断续成环的纤维束及木质部内侧的帽状纤维束;叶横切面中栅栏组织较为宽广,主脉维管束周围的纤维束成环;叶柄横切面中纤维束间断排列成环;果实横切面中可见多层石细胞组成的环带;根和茎的粉末特征中主要含有含晶石细胞;叶粉末中可见晶鞘纤维和不定式气孔;花粉末中可见花粉粒,具3孔沟,外壁网状雕纹明显,有较多的网纹细胞;果实粉末中可见大量分枝状石细胞及草酸钙方晶。结论:上述形态与显微鉴别特征有鉴定意义,为南天竹的真伪鉴别、质量标准及资源开发利用提供了科学依据。     

野胡麻的生药学研究

目的:建立野胡麻的生药学鉴定方法。方法:对不同产地野胡麻全草的性状特征进行鉴别考察;以野胡麻全草为研究对象,分别对根、茎、果实的粉末特征以及根、茎、叶的组织构造特征进行考察;以标志性成分京尼平苷为标准品,采用薄层色谱(Thin layer chromatography,TLC)进行理化鉴别,对不同产地野胡麻成分进行分析。结果:野胡麻为多年生直立草本,茎近基部被棕黄色鳞片,叶呈针状或宽条形,全缘或有疏齿,叶为异面叶。总状花序顶生,花萼近革质,花冠紫色或深紫红色。根横切面韧皮部较宽,形成层明显,其粉末中石细胞具有长方形和圆形两种石细胞,网纹导管多见,具含针晶的薄壁细胞。茎横切面髓为中空,有石细胞环带存在,形成层不明显,不等式气孔多见,螺纹导管较多,非腺毛长而弯曲。果实的粉末中可见果皮细胞壁连珠状增厚。野胡麻中含有多种化合物,且其环烯醚萜苷类成分且其含量较高。结论:本实验建立方法简便、可行,为野胡麻的生药学鉴定提供理论依据。     

马缨丹挥发油的化学成分分析

目的:通过对马缨丹的叶和花部位挥发油中化学成分的分析比较研究,为马缨丹的开发利用提供依据。方法:采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取马缨丹不同部位的挥发油,应用气相-质谱-计算机联用技术进行分析和鉴定,并用峰面积归一化法测定各化学成分的相对含量。结果:从马缨丹的叶部位挥发油鉴定了48个化学成分;从花部位挥发油鉴定了45个化学成分;共有化学成分27个。结论:马缨丹的叶和花部位挥发油中主要化学成分都为倍半萜类化合物。     

Evaluation of wound healing activity of Lantana camara L. - a preclinical study

Lantana camara is used in herbal medicine for the treatment of skin itches, as an antiseptic for wounds, and externally for leprosy and scabies. The objective of our study was to investigate excision wound healing activity of the leaf extract of L. camara in rats. The animals were divided into two groups of 12 each in both the models. The test group animals were treated with the aqueous extract of L. camara (100 mg/kg/day) topically and the control group animals were left untreated. Wound healing efficacy was measured by determining the morphological and biochemical parameters. Wound healing time, wound contraction and synthesis of collagen were monitored periodically. Antimicrobial activities of the extract against the microorganisms were also assessed. Treatment of the wounds with extract enhanced significantly the rate of wound contraction (98%), synthesis of collagen and decreased mean wound healing time. These studies demonstrate that L. camara is effective in healing excision wounds in the experimental animal and could be evaluated as a therapeutic agent in tissue repair processes associated with skin injuries.     

马缨丹根水煮醇提部位镇痛镇静作用的研究

目的　研究马缨丹根水煮醇提部位的镇痛镇静作用。方法　用热板法和扭体法观察该药的镇痛作用。结果　马缨丹根水煮醇提部位对小鼠热致痛和醋酸致痛具有明显的镇痛镇静作用。结论　马缨丹根水煮醇提部位具有较好的镇痛镇静作用     

茅莓的生药学研究

目的对药用植物茅莓进行形态组织学鉴别,为鉴定该药材提供参考依据。方法采用性状鉴定、显微鉴定及光谱鉴定。结果对茅莓根、茎、叶及粉末的显微特征进行了描述和测定,发现茅莓根和叶柄的横切面细胞内、叶肉组织内含有许多草酸钙簇晶,茎表皮、叶柄表皮及叶的上下表皮细胞均含有非腺毛。经光谱扫描发现其总皂苷提取液经显色后在可见区具有明显的吸收峰。结论形态组织学特征及光谱特征可用于茅莓的鉴定。     

五色梅根三萜类物质镇痛和抗炎的实验研究

目的：研究五色梅根三萜类物质镇痛和抗炎作用。方法：用扭体法观察镇痛作用；用二甲苯使小鼠致炎观察该药的抗炎作用。结果；五色梅根三萜类物质对醋酸致痛具有明显的镇痛作用．对二甲苯所致炎性水肿也有显著的抑制作用。结论：五色梅根三萜类物质具有较好的镇痛抗炎作用。     

Evaluation of nitric oxide scavenging activity, in vitro and ex vivo, of selected medicinal plants traditionally used in inflammatory diseases

Steroidal and non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs, despite their various side effects, are in great demand worldwide. Alternatively, herbal formulations provide relief to a large percentage of the population suffering from inflammatory diseases. Therefore, such practices need to be rationalized through a mechanistic approach. Thus, four traditional medicinal plants, namely Ventilago madraspatana Gaertn., Rubia cordifolia Linn., Lantana camara Linn. and Morinda citrifolia Linn. were selected for a study on the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO*), a key mediator in the phenomenon of inflammation, signifying the presence of effective antiinflammatory constituents therein. Plant samples were extracted with different solvents for evaluation of their inhibitory activity on NO* produced in vitro from sodium nitroprusside, and in LPS-activated murine peritoneal macrophages, ex vivo. Further, the inhibition of NO* synthesis was correlated with the reduction of iNOS protein expression through Western blot. Notable NO* scavenging activity was exhibited in vitro by some extracts of V. madraspatana, R. cordifolia and L. camara (IC(50) < 0.2 mg/mL). Most of them showed marked inhibition (60%-80%), ex vivo, at a dose of 80 microg/mL without appreciable cytotoxic effect on the cultured macrophages. Immunoblot analysis confirmed that the modulatory effect of the samples had occurred through suppression of iNOS protein.     

Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of Ventilago madraspatana Gaertn., Rubia cordifolia Linn. and Lantana camara Linn.: isolation of emodin and physcion as active antibacterial agents

The antibacterial activity of the extracts of Ventilago madraspatana stem-bark, Rubia cordifolia root and Lantana camara root-bark, prepared with solvents of different polarity, was evaluated by the agar-well diffusion method. Twelve bacteria, six each of gram-positive and gram-negative strains, were used in this study. Chloroform and ethanol extracts of V. madraspatana showed broad-spectrum activity against most of the bacteria except S. aureus, E. coli and V. cholerae. On the other hand, the activity of the chloroform and methanol extracts of R. cordifolia and L. camara was found to be more specific towards the gram-positive strains, although gram-negative P. aeruginosa was also inhibited by the methanol extracts of both these plants in a dose dependent manner. The water extracts of V. madraspatana and L. camara were found to be inactive, while that of R. cordifolia was significantly active against B. subtilis and S. aureus compared with streptomycin and penicillin G used as standards. In the course of bio-assay guided fractionation, emodin and physcion were isolated for the first time from the stem-bark of V. madraspatana. It was noteworthy to find the MICs of emodin in the range 0.5-2.0 microg/mL against three Bacillus sp. Both the anthraquinonoid compounds inhibited P. aeruginosa, emodin being more effective, showing an MIC of 70 microg/mL.     

木槿叶的生药学研究

目的为木槿Hibiscus syriacus L.的质量评价标准提供科学资料。方法生药学鉴定法。结果描述木槿叶片和粉末的性状特征及显微特征。结论木槿叶的性状特征和显微特征可用于鉴别该生药。