利用生物电阻抗法分析辽宁汉族成人脂肪分布特点

目的 运用生物电阻抗分析法,测量辽宁汉族成人身体各部份脂肪含量,提出适合于辽宁汉族群体的脂肪含量基准值,进而探讨辽宁汉族成人的脂肪分布特点与规律。 方法 在知情同意的前提下,随机抽取父母均为汉族的辽宁汉族健康成人作为研究对象,共选取1034人(男性379例,女性655例)。应用体成分分析仪,对所有受试者进行检测,得出脂肪总量、去脂体重、内脏脂肪等级、左上肢（左下肢、右上肢、右下肢、躯干）脂肪量等与脂肪相关的各项数值,进而推算出体脂肪率、左上肢（左下肢、右上肢、右下肢、躯干）脂肪率。结果采用SPSS统计学软件,进行独立样本t检验和方差分析处理。 结果 多数年龄段,男性的脂肪总量、四肢脂肪量、躯干脂肪量均低于女性（ EM>P /EM><0.01）,     

布依族的人体组成成分分析

目的 :研究布依族人体组成成分现状与特点。方法 :随机抽取贵州黔西南布依族832例(男338例,女494例),采用生物电阻抗法进行人体组成成分测量。运用SPSS18.0统计软件对数据进行统计学处理。结果 :布依族男性、女性全身脂肪分布特点均为躯干脂肪率、下肢脂肪率高于上肢脂肪率,男性身高、体质量、总肌肉量、推定骨量、总能量代谢、内脏脂肪等级、四肢肌肉量和躯干肌肉量均高于女性,四肢脂肪率、总体脂率及身体质量指数(BMI)女性则明显高于男性。随年龄增长,身高、体质量、四肢脂肪率和肌肉量、总肌肉量、骨量、总能量代谢呈下降趋势,内脏脂肪等级增加。结论:贵州黔西南布依族男性、女性总体脂率、BMI值均在国际规定肥胖判定标准的正常范围,与云南布朗族、河南回族、辽宁喀喇沁左翼蒙古族、昆明汉族相比偏低,与海南黎族相近。     

中国壮侗语族族群体脂分布及其与年龄的关系

目的 揭示中国壮侗语族族群体脂分布及与年龄的关系。 方法 采用生物电阻抗分析法,测量中国壮侗语族13个族群的身体组成成分;采用 u 检验,进行性别间身体组成成分差异检验,采用相关分析方法对身体组成成分各项指标与年龄进行相关分析;采用方差分析探讨3个年龄组间身体组成成分的差异。 结果 壮侗语族族群的体脂率不高,未达到肥胖水平。有约>50%男性和>50%女性脂肪率处于标准范围。侗族、布依族体脂率较高,仫佬族、仡佬族体脂率较低。随年龄增长,男性上肢脂肪率无明显变化,内脏脂肪、躯干脂肪率增高,下肢脂肪率降低,总体脂率与下肢脂肪率变化不大。随年龄增长,女性身体质量指数(BMI)、总体脂率、躯干脂肪率无明显变化,四肢脂肪率下降。女性体内脂肪比例明显高于男性。男性左、右上肢脂肪率与年龄无显著相关,体脂率、内脏脂肪等级、躯干脂肪率与年龄成显著正相关,左、右下肢脂肪率与年龄成显著负相关。女性左上肢脂肪率、左、右下肢脂肪率均与年龄成显著负相关,躯干脂肪率与年龄成显著正相关。女性总体脂率与年龄无显著相关。 结论 壮侗语族族群在中国族群中体脂比较菲薄,明显少于北亚类型族群,具有中国南方族群皮脂发育水平特点。     

生物电阻抗法测量身体成分的可行性

目的 :比较双能X射线吸收法(DEXA)与生物电阻抗法(BAI)测量人体成分的相关性和一致性,探讨操作简单、便于携带的BIA人体成分测量仪的可靠性和实用性,为野外测量及其他大样本量多点测量提供参考。方法:对80例成人(男性31例,女性49例)分别采用人体脂肪测量仪(BC-601)、多频身体成分分析仪(MC-180)及LUNARDEXA测试仪测量15项身体成分。结果 :BC-601与MC-180比较,男性在推定骨量、水分率、内脏脂肪、右上肢脂肪率、右上肢肌肉量、躯干肌肉量及女性测量指标体脂率、左上肢脂肪率、右下肢脂肪率、左下肢脂肪率及总肌肉量,所测得的结果间差异无统计学意义;男、女性除水分率(男性不相关;女性负相关)外,其余均呈正相关;BC-601较MC-180会低估脂肪率、高估肌肉量,一致性分析在总体脂率及总肌肉量上仅在女性上表现较好,2种机器可以互相取代。BC-601与LUNARDEXA测试仪15项指标间呈正相关,男、女性右上肢肌肉量及女性推定骨量、男性四肢脂肪率时无差异;BC-601较LUNAR DEXA测试仪会低估躯干脂肪率,高估四肢脂肪率,低估四肢肌肉量,高估躯干肌肉量。成年男女及女性总体脂率上一致性表现较好。MC-180与LUNAR DEXA测试仪13项指标间相关性良好,除男性中推定骨量(低估)、成年男女中左上肌肌肉量(高估)外,均出现低估肌肉量,高估脂肪率的现象。一致性分析也仅在男性上表现较好。结论:BAI法在测量成年总体脂率及总肌肉量上可靠性较强。     

宁夏汉族青少年脂肪分布特点的分析

目的:分析宁夏汉族不同年龄段、不同性别青少年脂肪的分布特点。方法:采用生物电阻抗分析法,分析1831例宁夏汉族不同年龄段青少年(男性911例,女性920例)脂肪的分布规律,比较各指标均值在性别间的差异性。结果:宁夏汉族青少年脂肪总量、总体脂率及身体各部分(左上肢、左下肢、右上肢、右下肢、躯干)脂肪量和体脂率总体呈现随年龄变化而上升的特点;不同性别宁夏汉族青少年脂肪总量及总体脂率,身体各部分脂肪量及体脂率均值女性均高于男性,脂肪总量(9～19岁)、总体脂率(7～19岁),左上肢、躯干(12～19岁)、左下肢、右下肢(9～19岁)、右上肢(11～19岁)脂肪量及左上肢、左下肢(9～19岁)、右上肢、右下肢(7～19岁)、躯干(11～19岁)体脂率差异有统计学意义。结论:宁夏汉族青少年脂肪的分布具有性别差异,脂肪分布随年龄变化的特点可能与体内激素分泌水平有关。     

那曲藏族成人身体各部肌肉量分析

目的:通过检测那曲藏族人群体成分数据,探讨身体各部肌肉量的分布及随年龄变化特点,并分析身体各部肌肉量之间的相关性。方法:随机整群抽取那曲藏族成年人共646例(男359例,女287例),采用生物电阻抗法检测受试者身体各部肌肉量,所获数据录入SPSS20.0软件,并进行统计学分析。结果:那曲藏族成人各年龄段肢体肌肉量,均表现为右侧大于左侧。除男性40~岁组左、右侧下肢肌肉量无差异外,其余各年龄组左右侧比较差异均具有统计学意义;那曲藏族成人所测身体各部肌肉量均表现为男性大于女性,性别间差异均具有统计学意义;随年龄增长各部肌肉量总体呈先上升后下降的变化趋势,其中男性多在30~岁组达峰值,女性多在40~岁组达峰值;上肢及全身肌肉量,男性30岁组、女性40岁组与同性别其他年龄组间差异有统计学意义;下肢肌肉量,高年龄组与低年龄组间差异有统计学意义;躯干肌肉量,20岁组与其他年龄组间差异有统计学意义;身体各部肌肉量之间相关性较高,相关系数多接近或大于0.9。结论:那曲藏族成人右侧肢体肌肉量大于左侧;随年龄增长四肢肌肉量总体呈先上升后下降的变化趋势,躯干与全身肌肉量变化幅度相对较小;躯干肌肉量与年龄呈正相关,下肢肌肉量与年龄呈负相关,各部位肌肉量间高度相关。     

贵州苗族与湘西苗族体成分分析

目的 探讨地区差异对苗族体成分的影响。方法 采用生物电阻抗法对贵州苗族357例成人(男162例，女195例)和湘西苗族471例成人(男210例，女261例)进行了17项体成分指标的测量，对所得数据进行体成分与年龄的相关分析、单因素方差分析及主成分分析。结果 贵州苗族与湘西苗族男性的内脏脂肪等级、躯干脂肪率与年龄成正相关，总肌肉量、躯干肌肉量与年龄成负相关。两个地区苗族女性的内脏脂肪等级、躯干脂肪率与年龄成正相关，推定骨量、躯干肌肉量与年龄成负相关。贵州苗族与湘西苗族男性体重、肌肉量、推定骨量、水分率、内脏脂肪等级、四肢及躯干肌肉量等指标值均大于女性，体脂率、四肢及躯干脂肪量均小于女性。贵州苗族与湘西苗族男性、女性体脂率、四肢及躯干脂肪率均较为相近，总肌肉量、下肢及躯干肌肉量小于湘西苗族。结论 贵州苗族与湘西苗族肌肉量有明显的地区差异。     

保安族成人脂肪量与血压的相关性

目的:研究保安族成人脂肪量的变化特点及其与血压的相互关系。方法:随机抽取甘肃省积石山保安族东乡族撒拉族自治县保安族成年人438例(男176例,女262例)为研究对象,年龄18~80岁,用人体体成分分析仪随机抽样检测脂肪指标,血压计测量血压,并分析数据。结果:保安族成人高血压平均患病率高于全国水平。保安族女性脂肪总量、四肢及躯干脂肪含量和脂肪率大于保安族男性,而保安族男性内脏脂肪等级、内脏脂肪面积、内脏脂肪含量大于保安族女性。保安族女性脂肪主要分布在臀部和四肢,而保安族男性脂肪主要分布在腹部和内脏。保安族高血压组成人16项脂肪指标均分别高于正常血压者。保安族成人收缩压、舒张压均与脂肪量、体脂肪率、内脏脂肪含量和皮下脂肪含量呈正相关。结论:保安族成人脂肪指标变化与血压关系密切。     

利用生物电阻抗法分析西藏藏族青少年脂肪分布特点

目的 利用生物电阻抗分析法测量西藏藏族青少年身体各部脂肪含量的数值,提出适合西藏藏族青少年的脂肪含量基准值,探讨西藏藏族青少年的脂肪分布特点与规律。方法 在知情同意的前提下,随机抽取1427例(男为710例,女为717例)父母均为藏族的西藏藏族健康青少年作为研究对象,应用体成分分析仪对所有受试者进行检测,得出脂肪总量、左上肢（左下肢、右上肢、右下肢、躯干）脂肪量等与脂肪相关的数值,进而推算出体脂肪率、左上肢（左下肢、右上肢、右下肢、躯干）脂肪率。所有结果输入SPSS 19.0统计学软件,进行独立样本t检验和方差分析统计学处理。结果 西藏藏族青少年各年龄段的脂肪总量、四肢脂肪量、躯干脂肪量,男性均低于女性（P <0.05）。总体西藏藏族青少年的脂肪含量随年龄增长而增加,女性的增加趋势更加显著。结论 西藏藏族青少年的脂肪含量随年龄变化特点与体内激素分泌水平有关,体现了不同发育时期的生理特点。     

河南回族成人四肢肌肉量、脂肪量电阻抗参数及与围度的相关性

目的测定河南回族成人四肢肌肉量、脂肪量电阻抗参数,探讨四肢围度与肌肉量、脂肪量的相关性。方法采用身体成分分析仪测量1144例河南地区20岁以上回族成人的肌肉量、脂肪量,并测量身高、体重和四肢围度值。结果男性右侧臂围(30.87±1.98)cm、前臂围(26.02±2.45)cm、大腿中部围(51.09±3.64)cm、小腿围(36.79±2.12)cm,与对应肢体肌肉量、脂肪量高度线性相关(r=0.734,0.715,0.866,0.808)。女性臂围(27.07±2.54)cm,前臂围(22.02±2.66)cm,与对应肢体肌肉量、脂肪量显著性相关(r=0.635,0.682);大腿中部围(45.68±3.32)cm,小腿围(31.61±2.16)cm,与对应肢体肌肉量无关,而与脂肪量显著性相关(r=0.531,0.543)。结论通过测量肢体电阻抗参数可推测肢体肌肉量、脂肪量数值,河南回族成人四肢围度与肌肉量和(或)脂肪量内在相关。     

Body mass,body composition and sleeping metabolic rate before,during and after endurance training

Metabolic rate, more specifically resting metabolic rate (RMR) or sleeping metabolic rate (SMR), of an adult subject is usually expressed as a function of the fat-free mass (FFM). Chronic exercise is thought to increase FFM and thus to increase RMR and SMR. We determined body mass (BM), body composition, and SMR before, during, and after an endurance training programme without interfering with energy intake. The subjects were 11 women and 12 men, aged 37 (SD 3) years and body mass index 22.3 (SD 1.5) kg · m^–2. The endurance training prepared subjects to run a half marathon competition after 44 weeks. The SMR was measured overnight in a respiration chamber. Body composition was measured by hydrostatic weighing. Measurements were performed at 0, 8, 20, 40, and 90 weeks after the start of the training. The BM had decreased from a mean value of 66.6 (SD 6.9) to 65.6 (SD 6.7) kg (P<0.01), fat mass (FM) had decreased from 17.1 (SD 3.9) to 13.5 (SD 3.6) kg (P<0.001), and FFM had increased from 49.5 (SD 7.3) to 52.2 (SD 7.6) kg (P<0.001) at 40 weeks. Mean SMR before and after 40 weeks training was 6.5 (SD 0.7) and 6.2 (SD 0.6) MJ · day^–1 (P<0.05). The decrease in SMR was related to the decrease in BM (r=0.62,P=0.001). At 90 weeks, when most subjects had not trained for nearly a year, BM and SMR were not significantly different from the initial value while FM and FFM had not changed since week 40 of training. In conclusion, it was found that an exercise induced increase in FFM did not result in an increase in SMR. There was an indication of the opposite effect, a decrease in SMR in the long term during training, possibly as a defence mechanism of the body in the maintenance of BM.     

大鼠比目鱼肌质量、肌重-体质量比及其肌纤维构成比与年龄相关的变化

目的:观测SD大鼠比目鱼肌质量、肌重-体质量比及其肌纤维构成比随年龄增长的变化。方法:取4、18、25月和30月龄雄性SD大鼠比目鱼肌各5块,通过H-E染色和免疫荧光方法,观测比目鱼肌纤维形态、肌肉质量、肌重-体质量比及其肌纤维构成比与年龄相关的变化。结果:比目鱼肌内肌纤维横截面的形态随年龄增长变得不规则,肌纤维和肌束之间的结缔组织逐渐增多。30月龄SD大鼠体质量较18月和25月龄低;30月龄SD大鼠肌重和肌重-体质量比较其余年龄组均明显减小。SD大鼠比目鱼肌内慢肌纤维所占比例各年龄组比较无差别;而快肌纤维所占比例随年龄增长呈下降趋势,但到30月龄其所占比例较25月龄高;同时,自18月龄开始,比目鱼肌内新生和杂合肌纤维出现的几率增加。结论:30月龄SD大鼠比目鱼肌质量、肌重-体质量比均较其余年龄组明显下降,提示该肌肉在老年晚期其承重和维持体态姿势的功能受损,但其骨骼肌纤维仍具有再生的能力。     

Fat mass and fat-free mass as indicators of body composition among Bengalee Muslim children

Background: The composition of fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) are now considered to be important indicators of body composition.

Aim: This cross-sectional study determines the body composition using FM and FFM among children.

Subjects and methods: The study was conducted among 1248 children (619 boys; 629 girls) aged 5–12 years and belonging to the Bengalee Muslim population of West Bengal, India. Anthropometric measurements of height, weight, triceps and sub-scapular skin-folds were recorded and body mass index (BMI) calculated. Body composition was assessed using FM and FFM.

Results: The age-specific mean values of FM and FFM ranged from 1.93–3.07 kg (boys) and 1.91–3.62 kg (girls) and from 14.69–23.44 kg (boys) and 14.18–22.87 kg (girls), respectively. Statistically significant sex differences were observed in FM and FFM (p < 0.05). Age- and sex-specific smooth percentile curves were derived for BMI, FM and FFM using the L, M and S modelling approach for further evaluation of body composition.

Conclusion: These findings are important for future investigations in the field and in epidemiological and clinical settings so as to accurately identify risk of lower or higher adiposity and body composition using FM and FFM.     

中国汉族人的瘦体质量与脂肪质量对超重和肥胖的综合评价

目的:对中国汉族人脂肪质量与脂肪质量指数进行综合性研究。方法:研究组于2009年至2013年在中国测量了26 927例(男13 221例,女13 706例)的体质数据,对瘦体质量(LM)、瘦体质量指数(LMI)、脂肪质量(FM)、脂肪质量指数(FMI)与纬度、经度、年龄的相关性进行了研究。结果:男性、女性FM、LM、FMI、LMI与纬度、经度均呈正相关。男性LM、LMI与年龄呈负相关,而FM、FMI与年龄呈正相关。女性LM与年龄呈负相关,FM、FMI、LMI与年龄呈正相关。女性FM、LM、FMI、LMI值均小于男性。北方汉族的FM、LM、FMI、LMI值均大于南方汉族。北方女性比南方女性更丰满一些。城市男性的FM、LM、FMI、LMI值均大于乡村男性,城市女性LM、LMI值大于乡村女性,但FMI小于乡村女性,FM与乡村女性差异无统计学意义。结论:中国汉族FM、LM、FMI、LMI随纬度、经度的增加而增大,不同年龄间、性别间、城乡间亦多有差异。     

质谱技术研究进展

质谱技术具有高灵敏度、高精确度等特点,已广泛应用于生物学、生物医学、生物化学等学科的研究,特别是在蛋白质等生物大分子的研究中作用越来越重要。对质谱技术的研究现状及新技术的研究进展作一综述,并对未来予以展望。     

Impact of lean mass and fat mass on bone mineral density: The Hordaland Health Study

OBJECTIVES: To examine the relationship between soft tissue composition and bone mineral density (BMD) of the hip and whether these relationships differ by gender and age. METHODS: Femoral neck BMD and total body soft tissue composition were measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry in a population-based sample of 5205 men and women 47-50 and 71-75 years old. Analysis of covariance was used to explore possible modifying effects of sex and gender on the impact of fat and lean mass on BMD. RESULTS: The difference in BMD per kilo lean mass (LM) was larger than the difference per kilo fat mass (FM). The effect of FM on BMD was significantly greater among women than among men. In multivariate adjusted analyses, 10kg increase in LM was associated with a 0.083 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.075, 0.092)g/cm(2) increase in BMD. A 10kg increase in FM was associated with 0.013 (0.007, 0.019)g/cm(2) increase in BMD among men and 0.021 (0.017, 0.026)g/cm(2) among women. There was indication of a steeper dose-response relationship at lower levels of FM among women. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to FM, LM was generally more strongly related to BMD of the femoral neck in middle-aged and elderly men and women. FM was a significantly stronger predictor of BMD among women than among men, particularly at lower levels of FM.     

中国蒙古族13个族群的身体质量

目的 研究蒙古族13个族群身体质量，揭示蒙古族身体质量与经度、纬度、年平均温度、年龄的关系。 方法 采用随机采样的方法，遵循知情同意的原则，对蒙古族13个族群4410人（男1917，女2493）的身体质量及与身体质量有关的体质指标进行了测量。 结果 蒙古族13个族群男性身体质量均值在（57.3±8.1）～（81.6±12.7）kg，身体质量均值从大到小排列第1～3位依次是额济纳土尔扈特部、新疆察哈尔部、鄂尔多斯部，第11～13位依次是喀左县蒙古族、阜新蒙古族、云南蒙古族。13个族群女性身体质量均值在（51.6±7.6）～（67.7±12.6）kg之间，按照身体质量均值大小排序，第1～3位依次为额济纳土尔扈特部、巴尔虎部、新疆土尔扈特部，第11～13位依次为喀左县蒙古族、郭尔罗斯部、云南蒙古族。13个族群间、年龄组间身体质量差异均具有统计学意义。各个族群女性的脂肪质量均值大于男性；去脂质量均值男性大于女性。蒙古族男性、女性的身体质量、去脂质量均与经度、年平均温度成显著负相关，均与纬度成显著正相关。男性的身体质量与年龄无显著相关，女性则为显著正相关。男性、女性脂肪质量与纬度、年龄成显著正相关，与经度无显著相关，与年平均温度成显著负相关。蒙古族身体质量大于中国其他29个族群（11个北方族群，18个南方族群）。 结论 蒙古族身体质量值较大。     

The contributions of lean tissue mass and fat mass to bone geometric adaptation at the femoral neck in Chinese overweight adults

Background: Overweight or obese populations may have lower risk of osteoporotic fractures and higher bone mineral density (BMD), while bone strength is determined not only by bone material but also by bone structural parameters. Thus, the influence of body weight on bone geometry was examined in Chinese overweight adults.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to explore how total body lean mass (TBLM) and total body fat mass (TBFM) contribute to the variation of bone geometry at the femoral neck in Chinese overweight adults.

Subjects and methods: Bone geometric parameters including section modulus (Z), cross-sectional area (CSA), subperiosteal width (W), cortical thickness (CT) and buckling ratio (BR) were compared in 100 overweight (body mass index, BMI?≥?23) vs. 100 underweight subjects (BMI?≤?18.5) in Chinese female and male adults aged 20–44 years by multiple regression analyses.

Results: Multiple regression analysis revealed that both TBLM and TBFM were significantly higher in overweight subjects than in underweight subjects. Meanwhile, significant differences in bone geometric parameters (except W) were also detected between the overweight and underweight groups after adjustment for age and height in both sexes (p?≤?0.001). Bone bending strength Z and axial strength CSA were 14% and 13% higher in females, as well as 18% and 20% higher in males in the overweight group than in the underweight group, respectively. The significant differences mentioned above were not observed when adjusted for TBLM, age, and height. TBLM seemed to be the strongest significant positive predictor of bone geometric parameters (p?<?0.001), with the exception of W in both sexes and BR in females, while TBFM did not contribute significantly to the bone geometric parameters (p?>?0.055 for both sexes).

Conclusion: Bone geometry may adapt primarily to mechanical load as represented by TBLM, but TBFM seemed to have no independent effect on bone geometry in Chinese overweight subjects.     

质谱技术在蛋白质组学中的应用

质谱技术是通过测定样品离子的不同质荷比（m/z）及其分布来进行结构和成分分析的一种分析方法.自从20世纪中期商品化的离子仪出现以后,由于其电离技术和分析技术的不断发展与完善,质谱在环境化学、有机化学、地质化学及制药等多个领域都有着较为广泛的应用.     

Body mass index and gynecological factors as determinants of bone mass in healthy Moroccan women

Several studies have shown that low body mass index (BMI) is associated with low BMD and fractures. However, the results that have been published from studies on reproductive factors and BMD are extremely controversial, with some demonstrating a beneficial effect, while others show a detrimental impact of these factors on bone mass.

Objective

To study the influence of several gynecological factors (years since menopause (YSM), age at menarche and gynecological age or reproductive life) simultaneously with anthropometric factors as determinants of bone mineral density (BMD) in healthy women older than 40.

Methods

BMD was determined by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at the lumbar spine and femurs in women aged >40 randomly chosen from the population of Rabat with a cluster sampling method.

Results

Four hundred and twenty-two healthy women older than 40 years were included in the study. The mean age was 57.2 years (8.4) [40–79] and the mean number of parities was 4.42 (2.9) [0–14]. Osteoporosis according to the classification of WHO (T-score ≤ −2.5) was observed in 133 women (32.2%). The increase in the number of parities was associated to a larger body mass index and a lower BMD as well in the hips and the lumbar spine after adjustment for age. The comparison of groups of patients according to the age at menarche, the age at menopause or the period of fertility did not highlight an association with BMD. BMD at the lumbar spine and the hips was correlated negatively with age, YSM and parity and positively with BMI. Multivariate analysis showed that the determinant of BMD are BMI (OR = 0.88; 95% CI: 0.83–0.92), parity (OR = 1.10; 1.01–1.56) and YSM (OR = 1.06; 1.03–1.10).

Conclusion

Bone loss in women older than 40 is a function of aging, parity and years since menopause; and there is a definite bone-protective effect of body mass weight. Further studies are required to evaluate the role of these parameters in the fracture risk.