转化生长因子-β1和结缔组织生长因子在慢性心力衰竭大鼠心肌纤维化中的动态表达

目的:探讨慢性心力衰竭心肌内转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)及结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)的表达及意义.方法:采用肾上腹主动脉缩窄法制作雄性Wisstar大鼠慢性心衰模型,随机分为心衰1、7、14d组,另取假手术组作为对照.观察和比较成模后心衰各组和假手术组血流动力学参数及左心室肌质量指数,用Masson染色法和透射电镜观察左室心肌组织形态的改变.用免疫组织化学方法检测各组大鼠左室心肌组织中TGF-β1、CTGF的表达水平.结果:心衰模型各组TGF-β1、CTGF的蛋白表达高于假手术组,且随着心力衰竭程度的加重而表达增高.结论:TGF-β1、CTGF可能参与了大鼠压力负荷性心肌纤维化的发生和发展,其水平的高低与慢性心力衰竭的严重程度密切相关.     

辛伐他汀对慢性心力衰竭大鼠左室重构的影响

目的:探讨辛伐他汀对慢性心力衰竭大鼠心肌纤维化及心肌超微结构的影响.方法:利用腹主动脉缩窄法建立雄性Wistar大鼠心衰模型,随机分为心衰假手术组、模型组和辛伐他汀组.观察各组大鼠左心室肌质量指数(LVMI),H-E和Massion染色观察左心室心肌形态结构变化,电镜下观察左心室心肌的超微结构,SP免疫组织化学检测左心室心肌中结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)表达情况,RT-PCR测定各组大鼠左心室心肌CTGF mRNA水平.结果:与假手术组相比,模型组LVIM、心肌胶原容积分数(CVF)、CTGF蛋白及mRNA表达明显上升.与模型组相比,辛伐他汀组LVMI、CVF、CTGF蛋白及mRNA表达均明显下降.光镜和电镜结果显示,辛伐他汀组心肌损害程度较模型组明显减轻.结论:辛伐他汀能显著改善慢性心力衰竭大鼠心肌肥厚,逆转心肌纤维化和超微结构的异常方面,其机制可能与下调CTGF的表达有关.     

结缔组织生长因子在单侧输尿管梗阻大鼠肾组织中的表达

目的：检测大鼠单侧输尿管梗阻（UUO）模型不同时期，肾组织中结缔组织生长因子（CTGF）、转化生长因子β1（TGF-β1）和α-平滑肌肌动蛋白（α-SMA）的表达，观察比较在间质纤维化不同阶段，3者的动态变化及关系。 方法： 采用雄性SD大鼠36只，分为假手术组和模型组，模型组行左侧输尿管结扎术，再分3、7、14、21和28 d共6组，每组6只，于各时点处死大鼠，取肾组织，常规HE、Masson染色，按小管间质损害的特征进行半定量评分。免疫组化检测CTGF、TGF-β1和α-SMA表达。 结果： 随梗阻时间的延长，小管间质纤维化加重，28 d间质已基本被纤维化组织所代替。随间质纤维化程度的加重，CTGF和α-SMA表达逐渐增加，两者与小管间质损害积分呈正相关，CTGF与α-SMA的表达之间也呈正相关。TGF-β1表达在7-14 d达高峰后，逐渐减少，但仍高于对照组。 结论： UUO致CTGF表达增加可能与TGF-β升高有关，CTGF可能通过促进间质中肌成纤维细胞的形成而参与肾间质纤维化。     

低氧刺激结缔组织生长因子表达与肾间质纤维化

目的：观察低氧对结缔组织生长因子（CTGF）表达的影响，探讨低氧致肾间质纤维化的机制。方法： 单侧输尿管结扎（UUO）9 d大鼠动物模型，用RT-PCR方法检测肾组织中低氧标记分子-低氧诱导因子（HIF-1α）的mRNA水平，免疫组化方法观察假手术组及模型组肾组织中HIF-1α和CTGF的表达及部位，Western蛋白印迹技术检测肾组织CTGF的蛋白水平。体外实验，正常大鼠肾间质成纤维细胞（NRK-49F）分别置于低氧（1%O2）和正常氧条件下培养6 h，应用RT-PCR和Western蛋白印迹检测CTGF mRNA和蛋白表达水平。结果： 对照组肾组织未能检测到HIF-1α mRNA和HIF-1α蛋白表达；模型组肾组织有高水平HIF-1α mRNA，并出现HIF-1α蛋白表达，主要分布在小管-间质细胞；CTGF蛋白与HIF-1α蛋白表达部位及程度一致；低氧（1% O2）培养刺激NRK-49F细胞表达CTGF mRNA和蛋白。结论： 低氧刺激的CTGF的表达增加与肾间质纤维化的发生有关。     

结缔组织生长因子在单侧输尿管梗阻大鼠肾脏中的表达及其意义

目的： 观察结缔组织生长因子（CTGF）在单侧输尿管梗阻（UUO）大鼠模型中的动态表达，探讨CTGF在肾小管间质纤维化中的作用机制。方法： 将48 只Wistar大鼠随机分为UUO组和假手术（SO）组，采用左输尿管结扎术复制UUO模型，于术后1、3、7、14 d分别处死2组大鼠取左肾。采用Masson染色评定肾小管间质损伤程度；逆转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR) 方法检测肾组织转化生长因子-β₁（TGF-β₁）、CTGF、Ⅰ型胶原（ColⅠ）和纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1（PAI-1）mRNA表达；免疫组织化学方法测定TGF-β₁、CTGF、ColⅠ、PAI-1表达；Western blotting方法检测CTGF蛋白表达量的变化。结果: UUO术后1d，梗阻肾TGF-β₁ mRNA表达开始升高，第3-14d时升高更显著（P<0.01），CTGF、ColⅠ、PAI-1 mRNA水平随之逐渐升高。免疫组织化学染色发现，UUO大鼠肾小管和间质区域CTGF表达随病程进展逐渐增强；相关分析显示，UUO术后第7d，CTGF表达量与肾小管间质损伤指数、肾小管间质TGF-β₁、ColⅠ、PAI-1表达强度均呈正相关，相关系数（r）分别为0.62、0.85、0.78和0.76（均P<0.01）。Western blotting结果显示，CTGF蛋白水平在术后第3d开始上升，随病程进展更显著。结论: CTGF可通过促进细胞外基质产生和抑制细胞外基质降解双重途径诱导肾小管间质纤维化的发生和进展。     

单侧输尿管梗阻模型大鼠肾间质纤维化过程中血小板衍生生长因子D的表达

背景：血小板衍生生长因子在肾间质中通过诱导肾小管间质细胞增生、表型转化、炎性细胞浸润等导致肾小管间质纤维化。 目的：观察血小板衍生生长因子D在单侧输尿管梗阻模型大鼠肾脏组织中的表达水平及随时间的演变情况。 方法：将成年健康雄性SD大鼠60只随机分为模型组及假手术组,将模型组大鼠左侧输尿管结扎剪断建立单侧输尿管梗阻模型,假手术组大鼠不结扎剪断仅游离左侧输尿管。术后3,7,14,21,28 d,通过免疫组化检测血小板衍生生长因子D在肾脏组织中的表达分布情况,实时荧光定量RT-PCR方法检测血小板衍生生长因子D mRNA的表达水平及变化。 结果与结论：假手术组血小板衍生生长因子D仅少量表达于肾小球系膜细胞及血管平滑肌细胞,而在模型组,血小板衍生生长因子D同时表达于肾间质纤维化区域,随纤维化程度加重,表达增多。同时模型组血小板衍生生长因子D mRNA表达量较假手术组显著增多(P < 0.05),且表达随时间延长逐渐增多。提示血小板衍生生长因子D在单侧输尿管梗阻模型肾间质纤维化过程中发挥着促纤维化的重要意义。     

依那普利对大鼠早期肾间质纤维化的影响

目的：观察依那普利对早期肾间质纤维化形成大鼠的疗效,并探讨其作用机制。方法：将60只雄性SD 大鼠随机分为假手术组、单侧输尿管梗阻模型组和依那普利治疗组（每组20只）,治疗组于手术后第4天开始以依那普利灌胃,术后第14天取各组大鼠肾组织分别行HE染色和Masson染色,免疫组织化学检测Ⅰ型胶原、III型胶原在肾组织的蛋白表达。应用Real-time PCR方法检测肾组织中Ⅰ型胶原、III型胶原、血小板源生长因子(platelet drived growth factor,PDGF)-B、转化生长因子（transforming growth factor,TGF）-β1、结缔组织生长因子（cennective tissue growth factor,CTGF）mRNA的水平。应用Western免疫印迹方法检测PDGF-B蛋白的表达。结果：依那普利治疗组大鼠肾脏的肾间质损伤指数、肾间质胶原评分、Ⅰ型胶原、Ⅲ型胶原,以及细胞因子PDGF-B,TGF-β1,CTGF的表达均比模型组明显下降（均P<0.05）。结论：依那普利可通过下调细胞因子PDGF-B,TGF-β1,CTGF的表达而起到治疗单侧输尿管梗阻大鼠肾间质纤维化的作用。     

百令对慢性肾衰竭模型大鼠肾脏保护和肾结缔组织生长因子表达的影响

目的 观察百令对5/6肾切除大鼠的肾脏保护作用及对肾结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)表达的影响,探讨其延缓肾衰竭进展及抗纤维化的相关机制. 方法 50只SD大鼠随机取8只为假手术组,其余行5/6肾切除术.根据术后3周血肌酐(Scr)值分为模型组、天然虫草组(2.0 g·kg-1·d-1)、百令治疗组(2.0 g·kg-1·d-1)和百令高剂量组(3.0 g·kg-1·d-1).术后4周给药.治疗1个月后检测Scr、尿素氮(BUN)浓度;光镜下观察肾脏病理改变,免疫组化方法检测肾组织CTGF、α平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)的表达水平,采用图像分析系统进行定量分析. 结果 治疗后模型组大鼠Scr、BUN明显高于假手术组(P<0.01),肾小球与肾小管间质均有明显病理改变,CTGF、α-SMA的表达明显上调;而药物治疗组的Scr、BUN明显低于模型组(P<0.05),肾脏病理损伤减轻,CTGF、α-SMA的表达降低(P<0.05). 结论 百令能改善5/6肾切除大鼠的肾功能,减轻肾脏病理损害,其机制可能与下调肾组织CTGF的表达有关.     

结缔组织生长因子-siRNA对糖尿病肾病大鼠肾组织中转化生长因子-β1及层黏连蛋白表达的影响

目的:探讨结缔组织生长因子(CTGF) si-RNA对糖尿病大鼠肾组织中转化生长因子β(TGF-β1)及层黏连蛋白表达的抑制作用.方法:取健康雄性Wistar大鼠,随机分为正常对照组、糖尿病模型组、CTGF-siRNA隐性对照组、CTGF-siRNA实验组.腹腔注射1％链脲佐菌素(STZ)建模.特殊转染载体通过尾静脉注射CTGF-siRNA.免疫组织化学观察肾组织中TGF-β1的表达,RT-PCR方法观察肾皮质中TGF-β1、层黏连蛋白mRNA表达的变化.结果:CTGF-siRNA实验组肾组织中TGF-β1的表达减少,同时肾皮质中TGF-β1、层黏连蛋白mRNA表达也减少.CTGF-siRNA注射结束后第4周,尿蛋白明显降低.结论:CTGF-siRNA对糖尿病大鼠肾组织中TGF-β1、层黏连蛋白表达有抑制作用,缓解肾组织的纤维化作用,同时对糖尿病肾功能有明显改善作用.     

丝胶对糖尿病肾病大鼠肾血管内皮生长因子和色素上皮衍生因子表达的影响

目的:观察彩色蚕茧提取物-丝胶对糖尿病肾病大鼠肾血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和色素上皮衍生因子(PEDF)表达的影响.方法:雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、糖尿病肾病模型组、丝胶治疗组、二甲双胍治疗组和丝胶预防组.建立链脲佐菌素致动物模型,以血糖≥16.7mmol/L作为成模标准;丝胶治疗组和二甲双胍组大鼠分别给予丝胶(2.4g·kg-1·d-1,35d)和二甲双胍(55.33mg·kg-1·d-1,35d)灌胃;丝胶预防组大鼠于注射链脲佐菌素前给予丝胶(2.4g·kg-1·d-1)灌胃35d.分别检测各组大鼠的血糖和24h尿蛋白;免疫组织化学显色和免疫印迹法观察肾VEGF和PEDF蛋白的表达.结果:与正常对照组大鼠相比,模型组大鼠的血糖、24h尿蛋白定量和肾VEGF蛋白的表达升高,肾PEDF蛋白的表达降低;丝胶治疗组、丝胶预防组和二甲双胍组大鼠的血糖、24h尿蛋白定量和肾VEGF蛋白的表达低于模型组,肾PEDF蛋白的表达高于模型组,且丝胶治疗组、丝胶预防组与二甲双胍组比较无差别.结论:丝胶可通过上调肾PEDF蛋白、下调肾VEGF蛋白改善糖尿病肾病时肾血管生成的不平衡,发挥对糖尿病肾病大鼠肾的保护和预防作用.     

Transforming growth factor alpha and epidermal growth factor in human pancreatic cancer.

Overexpression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been reported as an important molecular abnormality in human pancreatic cancer. There is in vitro evidence that simultaneous overproduction of one of its ligands, transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha), might result in an autocrine loop with an increased proliferation signal. We analysed by immunocytochemical staining a retrospective series of human pancreatic cancers, chronic pancreatitis, and normal fetal and adult pancreatic tissues for the presence of TGF-alpha and epidermal growth factor (EGF). Ductal epithelial cells showed TGF-alpha immunoreactivity in both normal tissue and chronic pancreatitis, and 95 per cent of tumours showed strong immunoreactivity. In contrast, EGF immunoreactivity was not found in normal pancreas, but was expressed in 12 per cent of pancreatic carcinomas. Well-defined areas of EGF immunoreactivity in exocrine ducts showing reactive changes in pancreatitis might represent a benign response to tissue damage similar to that previously described in the gastric mucosa.     

宫内发育迟缓大鼠血清胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ、Ⅱ、BP3的变化及L-精氨酸的保护作用

目的通过L-精氨酸孕期干预后大鼠血清胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ、Ⅱ及结合蛋白3水平的变化,探讨L-精氨酸的保护作用及其机制。方法采用被动吸烟法造大鼠IUGR模型,孕鼠随机分为4组:对照组、模型组、L-精氨酸小剂量和大剂量防治组,每组9只。孕21d剖宫取胎,测量胎鼠体重。应用酶联免疫吸附法检测各组大鼠血清IGF-Ⅰ、IGF-Ⅱ及IG-FBP-3水平。结果对照组、模型组与小、大剂量L-精氨酸防治组IUGR发生率分别为3.92%,54.95%,5.55%和9.09%。模型组大鼠血清IGF-Ⅰ、IGF-Ⅱ水平较对照组明显降低(P<0.01),小剂量和大剂量L-精氨酸防治组与模型组相比,IGF-Ⅰ、IGF-Ⅱ水平明显增高(P<0.01)。模型组大鼠血清IGFBP-3水平较对照组明显增高(P<0.01),小剂量和大剂量L-精氨酸防治组与模型组相比,IGFBP-3水平明显降低(P<0.01),与对照组亦有明显差异(P<0.01)。结论L-精氨酸可增高被动吸烟致宫内发育迟缓大鼠血清胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ、Ⅱ的水平,降低胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白3的水平,从而促进胎鼠发育,防治IUGR的发生。     

肠道缺血再灌流对肾内源性碱性成纤维细胞生长因子和 …

目的和方法：研究肠道缺血再灌流过程对肾脏内源性碱性成纤维细胞生长因子和转化生长因子β基因表达的影响，采用肠系膜上动脉夹闭４５ｍｉｎ与再灌流６ｈ和２４ｈ动物模型，用原位杂交与逆转录ＰＣＲ（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）技术研究两种生长因子基因在正常，缺血以及再灌流肾组织中的表达。     

肝细胞生长因子和表皮生长因子联合体外诱导大鼠肝卵圆细胞分化的研究

目的探求卵圆细胞向成熟肝细胞分化的演变规律,并对其分化调控的分子机制作初步探讨。方法联合应用肝细胞生长因子和表皮生长因子体外培养大鼠肝脏卵圆细胞OC3,运用电镜、免疫细胞化学、半定量逆转录-聚合酶链反应（RT—PCR）等技术,检测OC3在分化过程中形态及相关分子标记物的改变,并运用蛋白芯片技术观察细胞蛋白表达谱的变化。结果诱导10周后,卵圆细胞胞质变丰富,细胞器增多,表达谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶（GST—P）和丙酮酸激酶（M2-PK）减弱,而表达白蛋白（ALB）、CK18增强,同时诱导后期的细胞较之诱导前主要出现了8种表达差异蛋白。结论在肝细胞生长因子与表皮生长因子的共同作用下,体外培养的卵圆细胞可逐步分化为成熟肝细胞。8种主要的结构蛋白或功能蛋白可能参与了对该过程的调控。     

The effect of epidermal growth factor on vascular endothelial growth factor secretion by endometrial stromal cells

Endometrial stromal cells undergo morphological and functional changes to facilitate oocyte implantation under regulation of various hormones and growth factors. We studied physiological induction by epidermal growth factor (EGF) of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in these cells. In human endometrial stromal cells, the effect of EGF, genistein, tryphostin AG1478 (a tyrosine kinase inhibitor), and wortmannin (a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor) on production of VEGF was examined: Total RNA was extracted and VEGF mRNA expression was quantified by Northern analysis. EGF induced production of VEGF by stromal cells in a time-dependent manner; the effect became significant after 12 h and increased further between 24 and 48 h (P<0.05). Dose dependency was also significant (P<0.01). Genistein, tryphostin AG1478, and wortmannin partially suppressed the increase in production induced by EGF (P<0.01, P< 0.01, P<0.01), respectively. Production of EGF by fertilized oocytes and trophoblasts has been reported in early pregnancy. VEGF is believed to be induced by EGF through mechanisms involving tyrosine kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. The increase in VEGF may contribute to neovascularization that promotes proliferation of endometrium and placentation. Received: 6 September 2001 / Accepted: 21 May 2002     

Vascular endothelial growth factor, epidermal growth factor and fibroblast growth factor-4 and -10 stimulate trophoblast plasminogen activator system and metalloproteinase-9

Trophoblast invasion, accompanied by degradation of extracellular matrix, is crucial to normal pregnancy development, whereas shallow placental invasion and implantation likely plays a role in the subsequent development of pre-eclampsia. The growth factors vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) are placental growth factors that activate degradation of extracellular matrix. We determined the effect of VEGF, EGF, FGF-2, FGF-4 and FGF-10 on the plasminogen activator system of first trimester cytotrophoblasts cultured in vitro. We studied the activity of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), its inhibitor plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and 92 kDa gelatinase-B (matrix metalloproteinase-9, MMP-9), using protein gel and reversed gel zymography. The expression pattern of FGF-4 and FGF-10 in human placental sections was determined by immunohistochemistry. FGF-4 was expressed in first trimester villi stroma, primarily in endothelial cells. FGF-10 expression was localized to first trimester extravillous trophoblasts. VEGF, EGF, FGF-4 and FGF-10, but not FGF-2, stimulate the activity of trophoblast uPA, PAI-1 and MMP-9. These results support the hypothesis that specific growth factors modulate the invasive potential of trophoblasts, and therefore may play an important role in early placental development. Our findings may contribute to the understanding of the pathophysiology of diseases associated with shallow placentation, such as pre-eclampsia.     

结缔组织生长因子促纤维化作用及其表达调节的研究进展

Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) has recently received much attention as a possible key determinant of progressive fibrosis. It promotes tissue fibrosis through different pathways, such as cell proliferation, extracellular matrix accumulation and cell transdifferentiation. A number of regulators of CTGF expression have been identified, including transformiing growth factor β, vascular endothelial growth factor, tumor necrosis factor α, etc. The mechanism of profibrotic effect by CI‘GF was reviewed.     

Distinct association of genetic variations of vascular endothelial growth factor, transforming growth factor-beta, and fibroblast growth factor receptors with atopy and airway hyperresponsiveness

Background:  Recent studies showed that high levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 in the airways reduced airway responsiveness, which was reversed in conditions of basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) deficiency, whereas high levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) enhanced airway sensitization to allergens and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR).
Objective:  We investigated the effect of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the VEGF, TGF-β1, and FGF2 receptors on the expression of atopy and AHR in the general population.
Methods:  Atopy and AHR were evaluated in a cohort of 2055 children and adolescents. Direct sequencing was used to identify informative SNPs (minor allele frequency >5%) in the receptors of candidate genes. Tagging SNPs were scored using the high-throughput single-base pair extension method, and the statistical significance of these scores was assessed via haplotype analysis.
Results:  Informative SNPs were identified for VEGF receptors 1 ( Flt-1 ); TGF-β receptor 3 ( TGFBR3 ); and FGR receptors 1, 2, and 4 ( FGFR1 , FGFR2 , and FGFR4 ), and 13 tagging SNPs were scored in the cohort. Atopy was significantly associated with haplotypes of TGFBR3 , FGFR1 , and FGFR2 . Meanwhile, AHR was significantly associated with haplotypes of Flt-1 , FGFR1 , and FGFR4 . However, atopy was not associated with genetic variations of Flt-1 and FGFR4 , whereas AHR not associated with TGFBR3 and FGFR2 .
Conclusion:  The expression of atopy and AHR is distinctly associated with genetic variations in VEGF, TGF-β1, and FGFR in the Korean population.     

不同浓度肝细胞生长因子和成纤维细胞生长因子 对大鼠肝干细胞的增殖调控

目的：初步探讨不同浓度的肝细胞生长因子(hepatocyte growth factor,HGF)和成纤维细胞生长因子(fibroblast growth factor, FGF)对大鼠肝干细胞增殖的调控作用。方法：先将大鼠肝胎细胞分别种植A、B培养板上进行肝细胞的体外培养。A组：培养液中含有HGF,浓度分为别1,5,10,20,40,80及100 ng/mL。B组：培养液中含有FGF,浓度分别为1,5,10,20,40,80及100 ng/mL。对照组不加细胞因子。由A、B两组剂量效应获得HGF和FGF的最佳浓度。再将细胞接种于C组培养板进行培养,培养液中含有最佳浓度HGF联合上述各浓度FGF, 并用四甲基偶氮唑盐比色法(mononuclear cell direct cytotoxicity assay, MTT)分别测两组的光密度值（optical delnsity, OD）,检测出HGF与FGF的最佳浓度组合。结果：HGF和FGF浓度与肝干细胞增殖效应呈剂量依赖性（dose-dependent）。当HGF浓度为20 ng/mL,FGF浓度为10 ng/mL时,为最佳浓度组合。结论：HGF和FGF均能对肝干细胞的增殖起促进作用,并且两者有一定协同作用。