人体组织学实验教学切片的现状和对策分析

正人体组织学实验教学主要通过显微镜观察正常人体组织和器官的切片,学习其相关生理功能,为后续病理学和机能学科的学习奠定一定的基础。近年来随着数字化技术和资源的日益发展,组织学实验教学发生了较大的变化,数码显微镜的广泛应用,组织切片的数字化,全切片扫描技术日新月异,虚拟实验室     

构建组织学与胚胎学网络课程平台 探索新的教学模式

组织学与胚胎学是一门重要的医学基础课程，主要研究人体微细结构及人体发生、生长及发育机理的科学，从研究方法上隶属于医学形态学，具有大量直观的图形、图像、标本、切片等图像资料和实物（模型）资料，教学中，展示教学信息的手段主要是图形、图像和声音等。传统的教学形式和方法难以适应新形势的要求，     

混合组织切片标本的制作技巧及应用

组织学是医学中一门重要的基础课程,是藉助于显微镜来观察人体微细结构,即观察各种组织器官切片标本的一门学科.在整个组织学实习教学过程中,混合切片标本作为一种促进教学质量的提高和检验学生知识掌握程度的方法而被引入教学课程中.另外,混合切片标本在科研上也表现出了一定的优势.     

从学生角度谈对正常人体形态学课程整合的感悟

<正>近年来,基础医学教育频频推陈出新,国内外很多医学院都在尝试新的教育模式,开展新的课程改革~([1-2]),旨在让基础医学教育更适应当今社会对医学人才培养的要求,整体提高医学生的医学素养和学习能力。第二军医大学也在近几年对系统解剖学和组织学与胚胎学进行课程整合,并于2015年全面推出正常人体形态学系列整合课程,通过87节理论学时和41节实验学时,对正常人体形态结构进行了全面、细致的讲解。作为第二军     

基于数字切片与网络学习平台的组织学教学改革

数字与网络技术的发展给形态学教学带来深刻变革。我校构建了组织学数字切片库,并进行网络学习平台建设。应用数字切片与网络学习平台指导学生读片、改革教学模式、建立第二课堂、进行课程整合。通过一系列的教学改革,节约了学习资源、提高了学习效率、调动了学习兴趣、增强了学习效果。     

以新型的师生关系-构建优化的教学模式

<正>随着基础医学教育的发展和技术的进步,传统的教学模式已不能适应高校培养高素质、具有创新能力的医学人才的要求。组织学与胚胎学课程的特点是理论知识繁杂抽象,微观结构多,专业名词和术语多;使该课程的教学显得有些枯燥乏味,学生较难对其产生学习兴趣。加之学时的缩减,招生面     

应用数字切片增强大学生自学能力

<正>随着信息技术的飞速发展,网络多媒体学习已成为教育的重要方式和手段。以教师为主的传统教学模式逐渐转变为以学生为主的数字化学习和混合式学习模式~([1])。传统组织学实验课教学模式大多是教师在课上指导,学生用显微镜观察玻璃标本。这种教学模式存在很多局限性,无法满足教育信息化的需求。数字切片的问世给医学形态学教学改革带来了新的契机。     

组织学实验教学改革

组织学与胚胎学作为基础医学重要组成部分,它是以显微镜观察组织切片为基本方法,研究机体正常微细结构及其相关功能的学科。基础医学要适应新世纪对高级医学人才的要求,必须转变教育思想,更新教育观念;打破传统的教学模式,建立起科学的、有特色的课程结构,走教学与科研相结合、基础医学与临床医学相结合的道路,以提高教学质量,培养出更多具有实践能力和创新精神的高级     

显微互动系统和数字切片在组织学实验课中的应用

组织学是一门重要的医学基础课,在本科医学院校的教学过程,通常安排在完成解剖学后,常常被称为“微观解剖学”或者“组织解剖学”,而且也是学生从宏观到微观的过渡,并为今后学习生理、病理等课程打下良好基础。组织学的学习中,显微镜观察切片是授课的重要内容,观察内容是人体的微细结构,需要采用显微镜进行观察,其中涉及到观察能力、形象思维能力、实践能力的培养,同时还能培养学生的动手能力以及对问题的分析和解决能力。我校在2009年8月同时引进了数字切片和显微互动系统,     

现代教育技术在人体解剖学教学中应用的思考

现代教育技术在教育领域的日益广泛的应用 ,促进了教育事业迅速发展 ,对于传统教学方法、教学手段 ,甚至教学思想、教学体模式带来了前所未有的冲击。作为医学领域中的基础课程 ,人体解剖学同样也受到了现代教育技术革命的挑战。传统的教学方法和模式在某些方面已经不能适应现代化教学的要求 ,到了非改不可的时候了。作为从事解剖学教学多年的教师 ,这方面的体会颇深。人体解剖学是一门重要的医学基础课程 ,是医学生接触最早的主干学科之一。几十年来 ,解剖教学手段单一、设施陈旧 ,授课方式停留在传统的挂图加板书模式中。由于人体结构复杂…     

Rates of oxygen consumption and of anaerobic glycolysis in renal cortex and medulla of adult and new-born rats and guinea-pigs

1. Rates of oxygen uptake and of anaerobic glycolysis were estimated in slices from the renal cortex and medulla (a) of adult rats and guinea-pigs, (b) of new-born (1-, 5- and 21-day-old) rats and of guinea-pigs of 1, 12, 21, 24 and 120 hr age.2. In the adult rat, Q(O2) values for the cortex were 12.55 +/- 0.20 (22) and for the medulla: 8.56 +/- 0.17 (22) mul./hr.mg dry weight, while in the new-born rat (24 hr old) they were 10.99 +/- 0.46 (12) and 9.33 +/- 0.18 (9) mul./hr.mg dry weight respectively.3. Values for Q(CO2) (N2) (anaerobic glycolysis) in the 14 hr old new-born rat were in the renal cortex 9.65 +/- 0.35 (5) and in the medulla 7.39 +/- 0.43 (5) mul./hr.mg dry weight; while in the adult they were 2.25 +/- 0.08 (16) and 5.76 +/- 0.14 (16) mul./hr.mg dry weight, respectively.4. In the adult guinea-pig values for Q(CO2) (N2) were of the same order as in the adult rat, though the rate of O(2) uptake was for the cortex 8.12 +/- 0.22 (12) and for the medulla 5.02 +/- 0.23 (11) mul./hr.mg dry weight.5. Though the Q(O2) values in the renal cortex and medulla were smaller in the 1 hr old new-born guinea-pig, they were already increasing in the 12 hr old neonate.6. The results are discussed in the light of enzyme changes occurring during the process of maturation of the nephron as indicated by histochemical observations.     

Modes of reinforcement and gender and culture of experimenter and subject: effects of "alien" and external reinforcement for Japanese and American men and women

In this study, we examined external and "alien" reinforcement (ER and AR. respectively) as a factor in social learning, and studied the combined effects of culture and reinforcement mode. A female (Experiment 1) and a male (Experiment 2) experimenters conducted experimental sessions. Both men and women, who grew up in the same culture as the experimenter, participated and performed the experimental task. A three-way interaction effect of experimenter gender, culture, and reinforcement mode was found on task performance. And the effect was more pronounced for a Japanese experimenter. A female and a male experimenters conducted Experiments 3 and 4, respectively; however participants this time were men and women who grew up in different cultures than the experimenter. Results indicated that the pattern of the subject gender and reinforcement mode interaction effect, when the experimenter was Japanese with American subjects, was exactly opposite to that when the experimenter was American. These experiments showed that AR was as effective for social learning as ER, and that the cultural backgrounds of experimenter and subject influenced AR and ER effectiveness.     

Timing and intensity of early fevers and the development of allergies and asthma

BACKGROUND: Early childhood fevers appear to protect against later allergies and asthma. What is not known is the time in which fevers exert this effect and whether the degree of temperature increase is important. OBJECTIVE: We sought to examine the relationship between the time and degree of early fevers and later allergies and asthma. METHODS: Eight hundred thirty-five children from southeast Michigan were enrolled at birth. Clinic records from their first 2 years were abstracted for episodes of fever. At age 6 to 7 years, children underwent allergy testing. We examined fevers occurring within 6-month intervals in the first 2 years of life and outcomes at age 6 to 7 years. The primary outcome measures were allergic sensitization, asthma, asthma with allergic sensitization, and asthma without allergic sensitization. RESULTS: In the unadjusted analysis each episode of fever between 7 and 12 months of age was associated with a lower odds of allergic sensitization (odds ratio [OR], 0.71; 95% CI, 0.54-0.93) and asthma with allergic sensitization (OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.21-0.90) at age 6 to 7 years. Likewise, every 1 degrees C increase in the maximum temperature between 7 and 12 months was associated with a lower odds of allergic sensitization (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.61-0.96) and asthma with allergic sensitization (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.40-0.94). After adjusting for potential confounders, each episode of fever between 7 and 12 months was associated with a lower likelihood of asthma with allergic sensitization (adjusted OR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.11-0.94) at age 6 to 7 years. CONCLUSIONS: Both the timing and intensity of childhood fevers appear to be important factors in the development of allergies and asthma.     

纳米水平分子成像与诊疗一体化研究进展与挑战

分子成像能以非侵入性的方式重现活体细胞的生理功能和生物学过程,提高疾病的早期和特异性诊断水平。纳米颗粒/材料具有物理性质可控性高、易于表面修饰、血液循环时间长和可功能化等优点,在疾病诊断与治疗中显示出巨大潜力。但如何阐明纳米材料多功能间的内在联系、解决其代谢及安全性等关键机制难题、实现纳米颗粒/材料多功能性到临床多功能...