Traumatic dislocation and successful re-enclavation of an Artisan phakic IOL with analysis of the endothelium

PURPOSE: To present a case of traumatic dislocation of an Ophtec Artisan phakic intraocular lens (PIOL) and an analysis of the endothelial cell count. METHODS: The patient presented with blurred vision in his left eye after sustaining a brow laceration. History included uncomplicated bilateral implantation of an Artisan PIOL to correct myopia. RESULTS: The brow laceration was sutured and topical dexamethasone 0.1% qid was prescribed. One week after presentation, the PIOL was relocated. Postoperatively, endothelial cell count analysis was performed in both eyes. CONCLUSIONS: A decrease in the hexagonality of the endothelial cells was noted in both eyes, which was substantially lower in the injured eye.     

Artisan有晶状体眼人工晶状体植入术后远期角膜内皮细胞的变化

背景 Artisan有晶状体眼人工晶状体(pIOL)植入矫正高度近视术后早期是安全、有效的,由于人工晶状体位于前房,术后对角膜内皮的影响值得关注. 目的 研究Artisan pIOL矫正高度近视术后角膜内皮细胞密度(ECD)和形态的长期变化.方法 对2005年1月至2008年12月在广东省人民医院眼科行Artisan pIOL植入术的高度近视27例51眼进行回顾性分析,采用角膜内皮计数仪测定角膜中央区的角膜ECD,评估计算细胞面积变异系数(CV)和细胞面积标准差(SD),比较并分析术前和术后6个月及1、2、3、4、5、6年上述各指标的变化,计算ECD丢失率[(术前ECD-术后ECD)/术前ECD× 100％]. 结果 术后6年时,34眼BCVA≥1.0,14眼BCVA较术前提高,8眼BCVA较术前降低;平均眼压为(14.23±2.14) mmHg.术眼术前平均ECD为(3 184.05±.233.55)/mm2,术后6个月及术后1、2、3、4、5、6年ECD平均丢失率分别为2.34％、5.32％、6.32％、8.06％、12.59％、15.63％和19.49％.术眼术前细胞面积CV和细胞面积SD分别为37.17±7.12和118.77±21.39,术后6年时分别为32.24±4.62和125.60±18.49.不同时间点细胞面积CV和SD总体比较,差异均有统计学意义(P=0.000、0.036).术眼术后出现局限性虹膜色素脱失者8眼,发生IOL偏位者6眼,术后1个月出现一过性高眼压者3眼,出现黄斑出血者2眼. 结论 Artisan pIOL植入术后随着时间推移ECD逐渐下降,且角膜内皮细胞形态进行重构,增加了细胞的稳定性,因此Artisan pIOL术后对术眼角膜内皮细胞的长期影响值得关注.     

Traumatic dislocation of an Ophtec Artisan phakic intraocular lens

PURPOSE: To report a case of a traumatic dislocation of an Ophtec Artisan phakic anterior chamber intraocular lens. METHODS: Retrospective case review. RESULTS: A 38-year-old female underwent successful implantation of an Ophtec Artisan lens in her left eye as part of the phase III U.S. clinical trials. Approximately 5 months postoperatively, the patient was struck with a roll of packing tape in her left eye and noted immediate decreased vision. Following the blunt trauma, the patient had an uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) of 20/60 and a best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) of 20/20. The wound was intact, however, the superior claw was no longer enclaved to the iris and the lens had dislocated nasally with the optic of the lens resting in the angle. The patient was taken back to the operating room, the lens was repositioned, and the superior claw was re-enclaved to the iris. One week after repositioning, UCVA was 20/30 and BSCVA was 20/20. CONCLUSION: Despite adequate positioning, significant trauma may result in the iris claw tearing free from the iris with dislocation of the Artisan lens. The lens may be repositioned with good visual outcome, however, the long-term effects on endothelial cell density in this patient remain to be seen.     

Long-term endothelial changes in phakic eyes after Artisan intraocular lens implantation to correct myopia: five-year study

PURPOSE: To evaluate long-term endothelial cell changes in eyes that had implantation of an iris-fixated phakic Artisan intraocular lens (IOL) for moderate to high myopia. SETTING: Casa di Cura Villa Igea, Ancona, Italy. METHODS: Forty-nine eyes of 30 patients having implantation of Artisan IOL for moderate to high myopia were prospectively examined. Preoperative specular microscopy and serial postoperative specular microscopy (Noncon Robo SP 8000, Konan Medical) were performed to evaluate endothelial cell changes over 5 years. Endothelial cell images were collected in the central region of the cornea before surgery and 4, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months after surgery. The endothelial cell density (ECD), coefficient of variation, and percentage of hexagonal cells were determined. RESULTS: Preoperatively, the mean ECD was 2616 cells/mm(2) +/- 347 (SD), the mean coefficient of variation was 39.6% +/- 4.7%, and the mean percentage of hexagonal cells was 49.2% +/- 6.7%. The mean endothelial cell loss from preoperatively was 2.3% at 4 months, 3.5% at 12 months, 4.7% at 24 months, 6.7% at 3 years, 8.3% at 4 years, and 9.0% at 5 years. Five years after surgery, the mean coefficient of variation was 35.9% +/- 6.9% (P = .1946) and the percentage of hexagonal cells was significantly higher (mean 54.7% +/- 10.3%) (P = .087). CONCLUSIONS: Continuous endothelial cell loss was observed after surgery during a 5-year follow-up, especially during the first 2 years. A decrease in the coefficient of variation and an increase in the percentage of hexagonal cells were observed over time, reflecting the increasing stability and remodeling of the corneal endothelial cells 5 years postoperatively.     

Long-term evaluation of endothelial cell loss after phacoemulsification

PURPOSE: To check whether three months' follow-up is sufficient to determine endothelial cell loss after cataract surgery and whether this value depends on preoperative central endothelial cell density. METHODS: A two-year prospective assessment of central endothelial cell density was done in 60 eyes after phacoemulsification. In 30 eyes a 3.5 mm corneal incision closed with a single crossed suture was made, and the other 30 had a 3.5 mm scleral tunnel no-stitch incision. Central endothelial cell density was measured before surgery and 1, 3, 6 months and 2 years after. RESULTS: The mean rate of endothelial cell loss even two years after surgery was significantly higher than the physiological rate, amounting to 0.9% per year. There was no correlation between preoperative central endothelial cell density and postoperative cell loss. CONCLUSIONS: Even two years' follow-up is not sufficient to establish the total endothelial cell loss after cataract surgery. The amount of cell loss does not depend on the preoperative density.     

Artisan phakic intraocular lens implantation after retinal detachment surgery

PURPOSE: To report three cases of Artisan phakic intraocular lens (PIOL) implantation to correct myopic refractive error after previous retinal detachment surgery treated with scleral encircling. METHODS: Artisan PIOLs were implanted in a 29-year-old man with -21.0 -2.0 x 180 manifest refraction and best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) of 20/40 (case 1), a 28-year-old woman with BSCVA of 20/20 and -8.5 -1.0 x 180 manifest refraction (case 2), and a 44-year-old man with BSCVA of 20/32 and -11.75 -1.75 x 10 manifest refraction (case 3). RESULTS: In case 1, 24 months after implantation of the Artisan PIOL, uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) was 20/40. In case 2, 24 months after surgery, UCVA was 20/32. In case 3, 3 months after surgery, UCVA was 20/32. There was no formation of new breaks, progressive vitreoretinal traction, or complications. CONCLUSIONS: The Artisan PIOL may provide an alternative method to correct high myopia after retinal detachment surgery.     

Severe endothelial cell loss with anterior chamber phakic intraocular lenses

We report the case of a highly myopic patient who developed severe bilateral endothelial cell loss following implantation of 2 angle-supported anterior chamber pIOL models, the Acrysof Cachet and the GBR (currently off the market). FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.     

Corneal endothelial cell loss after trabeculectomy or after phacoemulsification, IOL implantation and trabeculectomy in 1 or 2 steps

Background  

To assess endothelial cell damage after glaucoma surgery and combined glaucoma and cataract surgery in one or two steps using confocal biomicroscopy.     

Initial results of endothelial cell counts after Artisan lens for phakic eyes: an evaluation of the United States Food and Drug Administration Ophtec Study

PURPOSE: To evaluate the endothelial cell count change in eyes implanted with the iris-claw phakic Artisan lens for treatment of moderate to high myopia. DESIGN: Prospective, multicenter clinical trial. PARTICIPANTS: The first 765 eyes enrolled at 25 North American sites in the United States Food and Drug Administration Ophtec clinical trial of the myopic Artisan IOL. Outcome analyses of endothelial cell count measurements were based on those obtained before surgery and at 6, 12, and 24 months after surgery performed between October 1998 and December 2001. SETTING: Multiple private and university practices. METHODS: Percentage change in endothelial cell count from baseline to 6, 12, and 24 months were analyzed using specular microscopy. Upper limit of detecting endothelial cell density change was estimated using 3 repeated counts at preoperative and postoperative time frames. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Percentage change in endothelial cell loss. RESULTS: The mean preoperative endothelial cell count was 2631+/-442 cells/mm(2). Percentage change from baseline at 6, 12, and 24 months was -0.09%+/-16.39%, -0.87%+/-16.35%, and -0.78%+/-17.41%. No statistically significative postoperative endothelial cell loss was found. The endothelial cell loss rate was higher among patients who wore spectacles before surgery and was correlated negatively with preoperative endothelial cell density (P<0.001). No relationships were noted between endothelial cell loss and either patient age or implant power. A 4.1% repeatability of measurements was found based on the average of 3 repeated counts, whereas single cell count estimates were associated with a 23% accuracy in detecting endothelial cell density change. In a worst-case scenario, adjusting for measurement accuracy, 9% of all eyes were at higher risk of a 10% loss of cell density at 12 months after surgery, although eyes at higher risk were found to have high preoperative endothelial cell counts (P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The Artisan iris-claw phakic intraocular lens did not result in significant loss of endothelial cell density up to 2 years after implantation of the myopic Artisan phakic lens.     

Multicenter study of the Artisan phakic intraocular lens

PURPOSE: To assess the Artisan intraocular lens to correct myopia in phakic eyes. SETTING: European multicenter study sponsored by Ophtec BV, Groningen, The Netherlands. METHODS: In this prospective multicenter clinical study, the Artisan lens was implanted in 518 eyes between September 1991 and October 1999. The power of the lenses ranged from -5.0 to -20.0 diopters (D). Follow-up examinations were performed at 6 months and 1, 2, and 3 years. Follow-up ranged from 6 months (n = 454) to 3 years (n = 249). The preoperative uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) was not recorded but was estimated to be worse than 0.1. The preoperative mean best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) was 0.67 +/- 0.26 (SD). Endothelial cell counts were done at 6 months and 1, 2, and 3 years in a subgroup of 129 eyes. RESULTS: A UCVA of 20/40 or better was observed in 76.8% of eyes regardless of the postoperative goal. A BSCVA of 20/40 or better was observed in 93.9% of eyes and remained stable throughout the follow-up. Of the eyes with extremely high myopia (>-15.0 D), 63.3% gained 2 or more lines of BSCVA; of those with moderate myopia (-5.0 to -10.0 D), 23.5% gained 2 or more lines. The mean endothelial cell density change was 4.8% at 6 months, 2.4% at 1 year, 1.7% at 2 years, and 0.7% at 3 years. The incidence of persistent adverse events at 3 years was relatively low. Secondary surgical interventions included repositioning of the lens because of poor initial placement and lens exchange because of preoperative power calculation errors. Glare and halo effects during night driving were noted and were related to large pupils in young patients. CONCLUSION: The Artisan lens is a safe, stable, efficacious, and predictable method to correct -5.0 to -20.0 D of myopia. This study suggests that the corneal endothelial cell loss is stabilized to the physiologically normal level after 3 years.     

Severe endothelial cell loss following uneventful angle-supported phakic intraocular lens implantation for high myopia

Endothelial decompensation is a serious complication of phakic intraocular lens (pIOL) implantation and is a major concern during the postoperative period. We report 3 eyes in which the same foldable angle-supported pIOL was implanted to correct high myopia. Rapid and severe postoperative endothelial cell loss occurred in all 3 eyes. An over-sized pIOL that induced excessive vaulting into the anterior chamber was the main risk factor. In 2 eyes, the pIOL was explanted uneventfully; 1 eye required Descemet's stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty because of total endothelial decompensation. These cases illustrate the importance of accurate sizing of foldable angle-supported anterior chamber pIOLs to avoid excessive vaulting. They also highlight the importance of regular follow-up and preventive pIOL explantation as soon as significant endothelial cell loss is detected.