A Brief Introduction to Gu Yudong

Gu Yudong was born in Oct. 1937 in a family of Man nationality at Zhangqiu in Shandong of China. He was elected an academician of the Engineering Academy of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1994. At present, he holds the following positions: the member of the Academic Degree Committee under the State Council; vice president of Chinese Medical Association; the director of the Hand Reconstruction Laboratory led by the Ministry of Public Health; the editor in chief of the "China Journal of Hand Surgery"; the president of Shanghai Hand Surgery Institute; the professor of Fudan U-     

THE INVESTIGATION OF ANTIEPILETIC ACTION OF QINGYANGSHEN(QYS)—The Modulatary Action of QYS on the Functions of GABAergic System in Mice Brain

The effects of QYS on the functions of central GABAergic system in mice brain were investi-gated by determining the release and uptake of label GABA and Glu in the brain slice andextractive synaptic membrane.The dramatic actions of QYS in the oral group were showed bythe increasing releases of ~3H-GABA and ~3H-Glu after high K~+ stimulation in the anterior partof hemispheres slices.However,the GAD activity in the hippocampus slice of QYS-treatedgroup was not influenced as the PTZ-treated group.No effect of QYS on the uptakes of~3H-GABA and ~3H-Glu in the extractive synaptic membrane was found in the intraperitonealgroup.These results suggested that QYS does influence the functions of central GABAergic sys-tern due to the increasing releases of GABA and Glu in the anterior part of hemispheres,whichmay play an important role in the anticonvulsant action of QYS.     

Results and analysis： a pilot study on quality of life of soldiers in the first response army

Objective： To explore the fundamental theory, methods and data of the quality of life （QOL） of soldiers and its influence factors in the first response army. Methods： Totally 215 soldiers in the first response army of a military area in China were inquired by using self-regulating questionnaire and WHOQOL-BREF （Chinese Edition）. Resalts： WHOQOL-BREF had good acceptability, reliability and validity in the first response army. QOL of soldiers in the first response army was middling. The influencing factors of QOL of the soldiers in first army includes self-report health, different areas where the army men come from, different arms of services, whether only child in family. And the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion： WHOQOL-BREF is fit for evaluating the quality of life of soldiers in the first response army. There are differences of the quality of life among the soldiers in the first response army. So we should take appropriate measures to improve the soldiers＇ quality of life.     

The distribution of motilin receptor in the amygdala of rats and its role in migrating myoelectric complex

Objective：To investigate the distribution of the motilin receptor in the amygdala of rats and its role in regulating the duodenal migrating myoelectric complex （MMC）. Methods：The distribution of motilin receptor in the amygdala in adult SD rats was detected by immunohistochemistry methods, and the duodenal interdigestive MMC was recorded via the electrodes implanted in the duodenum and analyzed us- ing a multichannel recorder. Results：Motilin receptor was observed in the amygdala of rats, The great amount of motilin receptor was found in the medial amygdaloid nucleus, which was also abundant in the basolateral nucleus but less abundant in the basomedial amygdaloid nucleus, the central amygdaloid nucle- us and the lateral amygdaloid nucleus. The shortening of the duodenal MMC cycle duration and the in- crease of the amplitude and the frequency of phase Ⅱ were recorded after motilin receptors being bound with exogenous motilin in the amygdala. The effects could be completely blocked by the subdiaphragmatic vagotomy but not by the intravenous injections of atropine, phentolamine or propranolol. Anti-motilin serum could partially block these effects, and the destruction of the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala had no significant effects on the duodenal MMC. Conclusion.. Motilin receptor is present in all the subnu- clei of the amygdala, with the greatest amount of motilin receptor present in the medial amygdaloid nucle- us. Microinjections of motilin in the amygdala can shorten the duodenal MMC cycle duration and increase the amplitude and the frequency of phase Ⅱ . These effects might be accomplished via the amygdala-hy- pothalamus-brainstem-vagus pathway, indicating the important role of the amygdala motilin receptor in the duodenal MMC regulation.     

Changes in the endocochlear potential and cochlear blood flow induced by ATP infusion and arterial occlusion.

To assess the relationship between cochlear blood flow (CBF) and auditory function, a procedure of intravital microscopy for observations of the lateral wall vessels of the cochlea coupled with the simultaneous measurement of the endocochlear potential (EP) was established in guinea pigs with gradual ischemia of the cochlea. It was found that occlusions of both common carotid arteries and one of the vertebral arteries produced a minor reduction in CBF with no significant alteration in the EP. When intravenous infusion of ATP induced sharp and severe decreases in CBF, the EP varied only slightly from the baseline in some animals while there were no alteration in others. Furthermore, ATP infusions combined with arterial occlusions caused even more severe declines in CBF and a moderate decrease in the EP. The results indicate that not only does the CBF satisfy the basic needs of the processes of cochlear function, but also has a regulatory mechanism to ensure the normal function of the cochlea in the ischem     

Effect of Nickel on Some Aspects of Protein Metabolism in Selected Organs of the Freshwater Mussel Lamellidens marginalis

The levels of soluble, structural and total proteins, and the activities of AIAT and AAT decreased along with an increase in the levels of free amino acids and the activity ofprotease in the ctenidium, hepatopancreas and foot of the freshwater mussel L. marginalis after I, 2, 3 and 4 d of exposure to a lethal concentration (115 mg·L~(-1)) of nickel. But the activity of GDH and the level of urea decreased in the hepatopancreas and increased in the ctenidium and foot. A reverse trend was observed in the level of ammonia. In a sublethal concentration (23 mg·L~(-1)), the levels of soluble, structural and total proteins and ammonia decreased in these three organs of the mussel after 1, 5, 10 and 15 d of exposures, with an increase in the levels of free aminoacids, urea and in the activities ofprotease, A1AT, AAT and GDH. The extent of these changes differed in degree depending on exposure period in the lethal and sublethal concentrations. The results are discussed in order to arrive at the degree of metal     

Biochemical and Morphological Changes in The Lenses of Selenium and／or Vitamin E Deficient Rats

The activities of glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),glutathione reductase(GSSG-R),superoxide dismutase(SOD)and the contents of malondialdehyde(MDA) and free radicals were measured,and the morphological changes were observed in the lens of control rats,selenium-deficient(SeD)and/or vitamin E deficient(VED)rats.The activities of GSH-Px in the lens of SeD rats decreased significantly.The GSH-Px activities of lens were positively relaed to erythrocytes selenium level.There was a free radical at g=2.0015in the rat lens of all groups,but the content of free radicals in the lens of SeD group was significantly higher than that of the control grop.The free radical content of lens was negatively related to erythrocytes selenium level,as well as the GSH-Px activities in the lens.In vitro,ultraviolet radiation caused the generation of another kind of free radical(g=2.0097)in the lens of all groups,but the amount of the free radical in the lens of the SeD group was also significantly higher than that of the control group.The activities of SOD and GSSG-R in VED rat lens were significantly decreased.The amount of MDA in the lens of SeD and/or VED rats were significantly increased.The results showed that the decrease of antioxidative capability in the lenses of SeD and/or VED rats accelerated the lipid peroxidation and generation of free radicals.Although only early morphological changes in SeD and/or VED rat lens were observed,it is considered that selenium and vitamin E deficiency may be involved in the occurrence of cataract.     

The Relationship of Insulin—receptor Gene Polymorphism to Ischemic Stroke？

Objective To investigate the role of mutation of insulin-receptor(INSR) gene in the development of ischemic stroke.Methods The base-variations at exon 17 and 20 of INSR gene,by means of PCR-SSCP were determined in 68 cases of atherothrombotic cerebral infarction (ACI),81 cases of lacunar infarction(LI) and 62 healthy controls(HC).Results There were 2 alleles of T and C at exon 17 of INSR gene.The prevalence of mutant of t allele in ACI patients was more common than that in the controls.the blood pressure and the parameters of lipid metabolism in the patients with mutant were higher than those in the controls with wild-type gene.However,the correlative analysis showed that the polymorphism of INSR gene was not related statistically to the blood pressure.No base-variation at exon 20 was found in the study.Conclusion The mutation at exon 17 of INSR gene,by promoting the development of atherosclerosis,may participate in the occurrence of ischemic stroke.     

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DIET AND GALLSTONES IN HAMSTERS

The present study aimed at the induction of cholesterol stones (Ch S) in young hamsters with a diet rich in refined carbohydrate and animal fats, and that of pigment stones (P S) in adult hamsters with a low protein diet. After four weeks of feeding according to the above-mentioned protocol, the rate of gallstone formation in the Ch S and P S groups were 81.56% and 89.77% respectively, while those of the control groups were 20% and 40% (P<0.001). Eight weeks after switching back to normal diet, the amount of gallstones in both experimental groups decreased significantly; in some animals, the stones disappeared completely. The ratio of cholesterol/bilirubin in stones of the Ch S group is three times that of the control group, and the same ratio in atones of the P S group is 47% that of the control. During the period of stone formation, the bile of the Ch S group was supersaturated with cholesterol, while unconjugated bilirubin increased significantly in the bile of the P S group. There was a general decline in different bile acids in bile of both groups. During the later period of stone dissolution, the bile components of both lithogenic groups tended to become normal, but glycocholic acid alone increased greatly. The result suggests that the type of diet is closely related to the formation and dissolution of gallstones. It has also been demonstrated that the lithogenic tendency of the bile can be reversed and gallstones dissolved in the early stage of their formation.     

Clinical study of the ascending aorta wall motion by velocity vector imaging in patients with primary hypertension

We studied the wall motion characteristics of the ascending aorta by velocity vector imaging （VVI） in primary hypertension patients. The ascending aortas both in 30 patients with primary hypertension and 30 normal controls were examined by Acuson sequoia 512 equiped with VVI. The maximum velocity （Vs, Ve） of every point on the anterior wall of ascending aorta both in systole and diastole was measured. The aortic diameter was wider in the hypertension patients than that in the healthy subjects （P〈0.05）. The movement amplitude of the anterior wall of the ascending aorta in long axis view in the hypertension patients was lower than that in the healthy subjects （P〈0.05）. The motion and time to peak in systole of each point of the ascending aorta in the healthy subjects had no significant difference （P〉0.05）. The velocity curves of the anterior wall of ascending aorta both in the hypertension and healthy subjects were regular, and the curve in systole was named S wave and that in diastole named E wave. The velocity of S wave and E wave was slower in the hypertension patients than that in the healthy subjects （P〈0.05）. The time to peak of S wave on the anterior wall of ascending aorta in systole was shorter in the hypertension patients than in the healthy subjects （P〈0.05）. VVI could be used to accurately and directly observe the movement character of the ascending aorta walls, which would help us understand the elasticity of great arteries in patients with hypertension.     

宏基因组学与动物病原微生物的检测

宏基因组学(metagenome)是直接从土壤、海水、人及动物胃肠道、口腔、呼吸道、皮肤等环境中获取样品DNA,利用载体将其克隆到替代宿主细胞中构建宏基因文库,以高通量检测为主要技术来研究特定环境中全部微生物的基因组及筛选活性物质和基因的新兴学科。利用宏基因组学技术不仅能够有效地检测特定环境的微生物群落结构,扩展了微生物资源的利用空间,发展了新兴的高通量检测技术,丰富了生物信息学内容。基于宏基因组学研究方法在环境微生物研究中的优势,对近年来相关领域、方法及其在人及动物病原微生物研究中的应用进行综述,以期将此方法用于实验动物病原微生物的调查分析及动物疫情、生物安全的监测。     

我国实验室获得性感染的回顾性分析

目的 收集文献报道的我国实验室获得性感染（laboratory-acquired infections, LAI）的病例,总结国内LAI感染途径和引起感染的原因,旨在提高实验室人员对其职业健康和安全风险的认识。方法 在线搜集截至2022年4月11日PubMed、中国知网、万方数据库、CBM中国生物医学文献数据库等数据库有关中国LAI报告的病例资料,回顾分析LAI报道的数量和原因,LAI的主要危险因素及对社会的危害,发生LAI或病原微生物泄漏的后果,以及提出生物安全的相关对策。结果 当前收集到LAI报告22份,经过阅读整合为21份,病原微生物7种,主要的致病微生物室是汉坦病毒（42.86%, n=9）和布鲁氏菌（33.33%, n=7）,实验室发病人数122人,死亡3人。大部分报道来自于研究型实验室（66.67%, n=14）,感染途径以摄入气溶胶为主（42.86%, n=9）,其次为经皮肤途径（38.09%, n=8）。结论 不报告LAI事件会增加病原微生物通过受感染实验室工作人员传播到实验室以外人员和环境的风险。应鼓励地方卫生机构和实验室报告LAI病例,作为监测病原微生物意外泄漏和进...     

微生物检验泌尿系统的病原菌结果研究

目的探究微生物检验泌尿系统病原菌的结果。方法选取2019年6月至2020年3月本院泌尿科收治的120例泌尿系统感染患者为研究对象。使用实验室微生物检测其泌尿系统的病原菌,比较泌尿系统病原菌的类型与药敏试验结果。结果120株病原菌中革兰阴性菌65株(54.17%),革兰阳性菌30株(25.00%),假丝酵母菌25株(20.83%)。革兰阴性菌中大部分为大肠埃希菌(76.92%);革兰阳性菌中大部分为鸟肠球菌(40.00%);假丝酵母菌中大部分为白假丝酵母菌(52.00%);通过药敏试验发现,对亚胺培南与阿米卡星敏感度较高的是大肠埃希菌,对头孢他啶、阿莫西林与舒巴坦敏感度较高的是鸟肠球菌;对头孢呋辛、替考拉宁和青霉素G敏感度较高的是白假丝酵母菌。结论泌尿系统感染疾病的主要致病菌是革兰阴性菌和革兰阳性菌,因此,在对有泌尿系统感染症状患者的临床诊断与治疗过程中应对患者的病原菌实施实验室微生物检测,从而选择合适的抗菌药物。     

中西医结合全科医学专业病原微生物学实验教学改革初探

感染性疾病在日常生活和临床上最为常见,是全科医生经常面临的问题。感染性疾病要想达到真正有效的治疗必须借助病原微生物的鉴定和相关实验室检查,从而找到病因和规律。因此合格的全科医生,需掌握病原微生物的致病原理及相关实验室检验技术。本文针对安徽中医学院中西医结合全科医学专业,探讨病原微生物学实验教学改革,以培养具有中国特色的适应新医学模式的中西医结合全科医师。     

实验动物皮肤病原真菌DNA快速少量提取法

PCR技术应用于实验动物皮肤病原真菌检测,方法简单、省时。但是,真菌的DNA提取较为困难。本文推荐一种既简单又经济快速的提取皮肤真菌DNA的方法,并能成功用于实验动物皮肤病原真菌质量检测研究。     

疾控机构生物安全实验室开展生物风险评估的研究与分析

目的深入了解河北省疾控机构实验室在生物安全管理中关于开展生物风险评估的情况。方法采用调查问卷、电话核实及抽样核查的方法对河北省市、县(区)级疾控机构实验室生物风险评估情况进行调查分析。结果市级疾控机构明显优于县级疾控机构,基层疾控机构进行生物安全风险评估时对病原微生物的致病性和感染剂量分析不够,缺乏对对病原微生物设施设备运行、运输及安保以及实验室风险等级和危害程度的评估分析。结论基层生物安全实验室要根据自身具体情况采取普遍性和特殊性相结合的方法,制订适合的生物安全评估程序和生物风险管理体系,做到实验室安全与管理相辅相承,提高生物风险管理效率,保证实验活动安全运行,达到保护大众健康和社会环境安全的目的。     

三级生物安全防护实验室职业紧张分析

目的三级生物安全实验室(Biosafety level 3 laboratory,BSL-3实验室)工作人员因面对高致病性病原微生物操作和特殊工作环境而存在的工作压力可能不利于风险控制而增加意外事故,本研究分析BSL-3实验室工作人员的职业紧张度及紧张源,为控制实验室风险提供依据。方法以JDC模式和ERI模式为理论基础,对"中文版简明职业紧张问卷"改编成适用于BSL-3实验室工作人员的职业紧张评估问卷,调查了上海、浙江、江苏、福建、武汉五个省市的六家BSL-3实验室的87位工作人员职业紧张状况。结果研究得出年龄、工作年限、工作身份、BSL-3实验室所操作微生物的种类、传播途径及在BSL-3实验室内进行动物实验是显著影响BSL-3实验室工作人员职业紧张水平的因素。结论 20-39岁、低工作年限、固定工作人员、进行呼吸道传播病原微生物操作、动物实验以及多种病原微生物操作的工作人员职业紧张程度较高。     

实验室生物安全管理的现状和发展对策

病原微生物实验室生物安全管理工作是关系到经济发展、社会稳定、人民群众身体健康和生命安全的大事,任何疏忽都可能造成难以弥补的损失。近年来,大家对实验室的生物安全管理工作已经相当重视,不仅强调“硬件”建设,而且肯定“软件”建设的重要性,二者相比旗鼓相当。最常用的1级生物安全实验室（BSL-1）、2级生物安全实验室（BSL-2）的生物安全管理工作,仍然存在多方面需要改进的地方。     

Interleukin-10 genotype protects end stage renal disease patients from microinflammation and arteriosclerosis

METHODS Patients EighthundredandseventyESRDpatientswererandomly chosen,437weremaleand433werefemale.Five hundredpatientsweretreatedwithhemodialysisandthe dialytictimerangedfrom1to114months.Normalcontrol groupconsistedof1000healthypersons,500weremale and500werefemale. Methods DiagnosticbasisofAS AccordingtotheInternalMedicineofthesixthedition.1 MeasurementofIL 10gene 1082A/Gpoly morphism Polymerasechainreaction restrictionfragmentlength polymorphism(PCR RFLP)techniquewasused. Primer…     

阴道病患者微生物感染的调查

为了解阴道病病原微生物感染情况，通过对２６５例阴道病患者阴道分泌物培养，发现支原体、细菌、真菌感染率较高，分别为５１．７０％、３９．２０％、２１．８０％。滴虫、阴虱较低，且混合感染较多（５２．００％）。认为阴道病主要为细菌、支原体和真菌感染