Effect of Dietary Administration of Lathyrus sativus Pulse on Intestinal Biochemical Parameters in Normal and Scorbutic Guinea Pigs

Objective In order to investigate that ascorbic acid deficiency is responcible for lathyrus toxicity, the effect of dietary feeding of lathyrus pulse in normal and scorbutic guinea pigs for 3 months, on intestinal biochemical parameters was undertaken. Methods The intestinal brush border membrane (BBM) marker and xenobiotic metabolising enzymes (XME) were assayed. Results Exposure to 80% lathyrus alone and in scorbutic conditions showed significant inhibition of alkaline phosphatase (28%-30%), sucrase (19%) and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) (15%-27%) enzymes, while Ca2 -Mg2 -ATPase was significantly inhibited (38%) in scorbutic plus lathyrus treated group. The phase I XME (AHH) remained unchanged while the phase II enzyme glutathione-S-tranferase (GST) was significantly decreased (20%-22%) in lathyrus and scorbutic plus lathyrus treated groups. Quinone reductase (QR) activity was found to be significantly decreased in lathyrus exposed group (20%). The intestinal biomarker contents including hexose (2     

养肝利胆颗粒对豚鼠胆囊胆固醇结石成石率和血浆胆囊收缩素含量的影响

目的：探讨养肝利胆颗粒对豚鼠胆囊胆固醇结石成石率和血浆胆囊收缩素含量的影响。 方法：80只豚鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、养肝利胆颗粒组和熊去氧胆酸（ursodeoxycholic acid．UDCA）组。除正常组外。采用高胆固醇致石食饵诱发法建立豚鼠胆结石动物模型，并于造模当天开始灌胃治疗，养肝利胆颗粒组予养肝利胆颗粒1．81g／（kg·d），UDCA组予UDCA30．12mg／（kg·d），模型组和正常对照组灌胃等容量的生理盐水，连续7周。疗程结束后观察各组豚鼠一般情况变化和胆囊成石率，并用放射免疫法检测血浆胆囊收缩素（cholecystokinin，CCK）的含量。 结果：养肝利胆颗粒能明显改善胆结石豚鼠的一般情况及行为学体征，但不能恢复到正常水平。模型组豚鼠成石率（82．35％）明显高于正常对照组（5．26％）（P〈0．01），养肝利胆颗粒组和UDCA组豚鼠成石率分别为27．78％和38．89％，均明显低于模型组（P〈0．05）。模型组血浆CCK含量较正常对照组明显降低（P〈0．01）．养肝利胆颗粒组和UDCA组血浆CCK含量虽低于正常对照组，但均高于模型组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。养肝利胆颗粒组和UDCA组血浆CCK含量比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。 结论：养肝利胆颗粒能显著降低豚鼠胆结石的成石率，其作用机制可能与养肝利胆颗粒能提高豚鼠血浆CCK含量有关。     

补充不同剂量维生素C对豚鼠体重及免疫指标变化的研究

3组雄性豚鼠分别腹腔注射维生素C 0mg/d、10mg/d、100mg/d,共4周。在实验2周时,每只动物用完全F氏佐剂进行免疫。未补充维生素C组豚鼠,从实验第2周始,体重明显减低,整个实验期,平均减低体重106g,而每天补充维生素C10mg、100mg组豚鼠体重分别增加68g、78g。实验结束时,未补充维生素组豚鼠,E-玫瑰花环形成率、总补体均明显低于另外2组,而白细胞总数、脏器/体重比值无明显差别。     

养肝柔肝法逆转豚鼠成石胆汁致石性的实验研究

目的　探讨养肝柔肝中药养肝利胆颗粒剂逆转成石胆汁致石性的机制。方法　将 6 0只豚鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、治疗组 ,每组 2 0只。分别喂食正常饲料、致石饲料、致石饲料加养肝利胆颗粒 ,4周后处死取材 ,检测胆囊成石率、胆汁总胆汁酸 (TBA)、胆汁总胆红素 (TBIL)、胆汁结合胆红素 (CB)、胆汁非结合胆红素 (UCB)、胆汁钙离子 ,并进行胆汁胆红素组分HPLC分析。结果　 (1)正常组成石率为 5 % ,模型组为 81.2 5 % ,治疗组为 31.2 5 % (P <0 .0 5 )。 (2 )模型组胆囊胆汁中TBIL、CB、UCB及Ca2 + 均高于治疗组及正常组 ,TBA低于正常组 ,治疗组TBA低于正常组 ,Ca2 + 高于正常组 (P <0 .0 5 )。(3)模型组单结合胆红素 (MCB)值高于治疗组及正常组 ,双结合胆红素 (DCB)低于治疗组及正常组 (P <0 .0 1) ,治疗组DCB值低于正常组 ,各组UCB的完整峰面积 (IPA)值无明显区别。 (4)模型组的MCB百分比和UCB百分比高于治疗组及正常组 ,DCB百分比低于治疗组及正常组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,治疗组的MCB百分比也高于正常组 ,同时DCB低于正常组。结论　养肝柔肝中药能显著降低豚鼠胆囊色素性结石的成石率 ,有明显逆转胆汁致石性的作用     

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子对慢性鼓膜穿孔愈合的影响

目的 :探讨碱性成纤维细胞生长因子 (bFGF)在慢性鼓膜穿孔愈合中的作用。方法 :在豚鼠慢性创伤性鼓膜穿孔的动物模型上 ,观察应用bFGF 磷酸缓冲液 (2 5 0mg/L)治疗的鼓膜愈合率 ,用组织学检查鼓膜中层厚度 ,并与仅用磷酸缓冲液 (PBS)处理的作对照。结果 :bFGF治疗组鼓膜愈合率明显高于PBS组 (89.3%vs 37.5 % ,P <0 .0 1) ;鼓膜中层厚度bFGF组显著高于PBS组 [(30 5± 37) μmvs (10 2± 2 1) μm ,P <0 .0 1]。结论 :局部应用bFGF有明显促进慢性鼓膜穿孔鼓膜中层厚度及上皮细胞增生 ,促进鼓膜愈合的作用。     

养肝柔肝中药对胆囊胆固醇结石豚鼠胆囊细胞钙离子浓度的影响

目的:通过观察实验豚鼠胆囊细胞钙离子浓度([Ca2 ]i)的变化,探讨胆固醇结石形成与养肝柔肝中药防治胆结石的作用机制。方法:将80只受试豚鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组、养肝柔肝中药组和熊去氧胆酸组,每组20只。后三组采用高胆固醇致石食饵诱发法建立豚鼠胆结石动物模型,其中养肝柔肝中药组、熊去氧胆酸组分别给予相应药物进行防治实验,连续用药7周后,分别对实验豚鼠大体情况、胆结石生成情况以及胆囊细胞[Ca2 ]i的变化进行观察。结果:模型组动物胆囊细胞[Ca2 ]i明显降低,养肝柔肝中药不仅能明显改善豚鼠行为学体征,降低胆结石的成石率,而且可提高胆囊细胞[Ca2 ]i。结论:胆囊细胞[Ca2 ]i降低是导致胆囊的收缩功能降低,胆固醇结石形成的重要因素。提高胆囊细胞[Ca2 ]i,增强胆囊平滑肌细胞的收缩功能,减轻胆汁淤滞,可能是养肝柔肝中药防治胆石病的作用机制之一。     

Effects of gastrointestinal peptides on formation of gallstone in guinea pigs.

In light of the effects of gastrointestinal (GI) peptides on bile secretion and biliary tract mobility, we studied the effects of GI peptides on gallstone formation in guinea pigs fed on low protein lithogenic diet. The peptides under study included cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), somatostatin (SRIF), secretin (SEC), and neurotensin (NT). Hepatic bile flow, electrolytes, and other bile components were also measured. It was found that CCK-8 and VIP suppressed the formation of gallstones and increased hepatic bile flow and Na+, K+, Cl- output significantly. On the other hand, SRIF significantly promoted gallstone formation. The rates of gallstone formation in CCK-8, VIP, and SRIF treated guinea pigs were 15.4%, 23.5%, and 88.0%, respectively, in contrast to 56.8% in the control group. The inhibitory effect of CCK-8 and promoting effect of SRIF on gallstone formation were dose-dependent.

     

双氯芬酸钠气雾剂的抗炎镇痛作用与毒性研究

目的：研究双氯芬酸钠气雾剂局部给药的抗炎镇痛作用及毒性反应。方法：采用醋酸扭体法、热板法和二甲苯致炎法,观察双氯芬酸钠气雾剂局部给药对小鼠的抗炎镇痛作用。观察家兔一次性口腔给药的急性毒性和滴眼给药的刺激性。多次给药对正常豚 鼠口腔粘膜及家兔损伤口腔粘膜的刺激性。结果：双氯芬酸钠气雾剂口腔给药,明显抑制小鼠醛酸扭体反应和热板舔足反应（P＜0.05)。局部喷雾给药,对小鼠耳肿胀度有明显抑制作用（P＜0.01)。一次或多次口腔及滴眼给药,未见明显毒性反应和刺激性。结论：双氯芬酸纳气雾剂局部给药,具有明显的抗炎镇痛作用,对家兔和豚鼠无 明显毒性和刺激性。     

胆囊切除术对豚鼠胃肠移行性复合波与胆酸池大小的影响

目的:研究豚鼠胆囊切除术后胃肠移行性复合波(MMC)是否与胆酸池大小有关. 方法:60只豚鼠分别给予正常饮食8 wk(A组、B组),10 g/L胆固醇饮食8 wk(C组、D组),喂养结束后,评估胆囊动力并将电极植入胃肠道;其中B组、D组同时行胆囊切除术,术后4 wk记录MMC并测量胆酸池大小. 结果:胆囊切除后,正常与胆结石豚鼠MMC I,II,III期时限与总周期平行缩短而波幅升高,但无显著性差异. 胆结石豚鼠比正常豚鼠胆酸池减小(P<0.05),并且手术后再轻微下降;而胆酸、粪胆酸轻微升高,其程度与正常豚鼠手术后的变化一致. 然而,这些变化没有统计学差异. 结论:在正常与胆结石豚鼠,胆囊切除术没有引起MMC与胆酸池大小改变,但MMC运动与胆酸池密切相关,因此,胆囊切除术后综合征不是胃肠动力障碍所致.     

吸入肝素对哮喘豚鼠气道炎症影响的研究

目的:研究吸入肝素对哮喘豚鼠气道炎症的影响,探讨肝素治疗哮喘的可能机制。方法:建立哮喘豚鼠模型,用肝素雾化吸入,观察支气管灌洗液(BALF)和支气管或细支气管壁的细胞成分变化。光镜和电镜下观察气道及肺组织病理变化。结果:肝素治疗组BALF中淋巴细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、上皮细胞较哮喘模型组有显著减少(P<0.01),在支气管或细支气管壁,肝素治疗组肥大细胞数显著高于哮喘模型组(P<0.01),嗜酸性粒细胞有显著下降(P<0.01),光镜和电镜下气道损伤减轻。结论:肝素可以抑制哮喘豚鼠气道炎症,减轻哮喘豚鼠气道炎症损伤。     

N-乙酰半胱氨酸联合抗坏血酸对大鼠重症急性胰腺炎时急性肺损伤的作用

目的:探讨N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)联合抗坏血酸对大鼠重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)时急性肺损伤(ALI)的作用及机制.方法:40只SD大鼠随机分为假手术(SO)组、SAP+ALI组、NAC治疗组、NAC+抗坏血酸治疗组4组.采用胰胆管逆行注射4%的牛磺胆酸钠(0.1 ml/100 g)诱导SAP+ALI模型,NAC治疗组于...     

Effect of pirenzepine ophthalmic solution on form-deprivation myopia in the guinea pigs

Myopiaisacommondisorderthataffectsatleast50millionyoungpeopleworldwide.1Althoughspectaclesandvariousrefractivesurgeries cancorrectvisualabnormalitycausedbymyopia,theyareunabletoinhibitaxialelongation,one characteristicofmyopia.2Therefore,aneffective treatmenttoslowdownaxialgrowthandreduce myopicprogressionisurgentlyneeded.Eventhough thenonselectivemuscarinicreceptorantagonist,atropine,hasbeenprovedtobeeffective,itsclinical applicationisrestrictedtoagreatextentbecauseof sideeffectscausedbyitssi…     

光动力疗法治疗豚鼠寻常型银屑病

摘要：目的观察5-氨基酮戊酸光动力疗法（ALA-PDT）治疗寻常型银屑病模型的疗效,探讨ALA-PDT治疗寻常型银屑病
的可行性。方法5%心得安搽剂外涂豚鼠耳背部皮肤建立寻常型银屑病模型。20%ALA溶液局部封包模型皮损4 h后,
635 nm半导体激光照射患处,能量密度12 J/cm2。分设模型对照组、单纯ALA组、单纯照光组、一次ALA-PDT治疗组和
二次ALA-PDT治疗组5个组别,于治疗后第7、14、21及28天进行外观与组织活检观察。结果在肉眼观察、表皮厚度和
增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）表达三项指标观察中,ALA-PDT 均能明显改善寻常型银屑病模型的病变,二次治疗组疗效优于
一次治疗组。结论ALA-PDT 疗法能治愈以表皮过度增殖为特征的豚鼠耳背部寻常型银屑病模型皮损,增加治疗次数疗
效更佳。     

Relationship of ascorbic acid to blood lead levels.

CONTEXT: Some animal studies suggest that orally administered ascorbic acid may chelate lead and decrease the risk of the toxic effects of lead. However, results from several small studies in humans have yielded inconclusive evidence of a beneficial effect of ascorbic acid on lead toxicity. OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between serum ascorbic acid levels and prevalence of elevated blood lead levels. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Cross-sectional analysis of a probability sample of the US population enrolled in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994 (4213 youths aged 6-16 years and 15365 adults aged > or =17 years) without a history of lead poisoning. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Elevated and log blood lead levels by serum ascorbic acid level. RESULTS: A total of 22 youths (0.5%) and 57 adults (0.4%) had elevated blood lead levels (defined as > or =0.72 micromol/L [15 microg/dL]) and > or =0.97 micromol/L [20 microg/dL], respectively). After controlling for the effects of age, race, sex, income level, and dietary energy, fat, calcium, iron, and zinc intake, youths in the highest serum ascorbic acid tertile had an 89% decreased prevalence of elevated blood lead levels compared with youths in the lowest serum ascorbic acid tertile (odds ratio, 0.11; 95% confidence interval, 0.04-0.35; P for trend = .002). Adults in the highest 2 serum ascorbic acid tertiles had a 65% to 68% decreased prevalence of elevated blood lead levels compared with adults in the lowest serum ascorbic acid tertile (P for trend = .03). As a continuous predictor, serum ascorbic acid level was independently associated with decreased log blood lead levels among adults (P<.001), but not among youths (P=.14). CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that high serum levels of ascorbic acid are independently associated with a decreased prevalence of elevated blood lead levels. If these associations are related causally, ascorbic acid intake may have public health implications for control of lead toxicity.     

地塞米松防治豚鼠钩端螺旋体病肺弥漫性出血机理的实验研究

为探讨地塞米松对豚鼠钩端螺旋休病肺弥漫性出血（ＰＤＨ）的治疗机理,将豚鼠随机分为感染钩端螺旋体肺弥漫性出血组、实验治疗组、地塞米松对对照组和正常对照组,每组各１０例。观察４组豚鼠的大体解剖,肺、肝、肾组织结构和肝线粒体的超微结构,并测定其肝脏乳酸和线粒体ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性的变化,结果显示：实验治疗组的上述各项观察指标与其余３组比较均有显著性差异（Ｐ〈０．０１）。由此提示早期静脉注入５ｍｇ地塞米松,对     

雾化吸入BRL38227对豚鼠呼吸力学的影响

目的：观察雾化吸入钾通道开放剂ＢＲＬ３８２２７对豚鼠呼吸力学的影响。方法：分别测定正常及致敏豚鼠雾化吸入ＢＲＬ３８２２７前的珠气道阻力和动态肺顺应性改变。结果：正常豚鼠雾化吸入ＢＲＬ３８２２７前后的Ｒａｗ和Ｃｄｙｎ均无显著性改变；致敏豚鼠吸入ＢＲＬ３８２７７后Ｒａｗ上升率和Ｃｄｙｎ下降率都明显低于示吸入ＢＲＬ３８２７７组。结论：雾化吸入ＢＲＬ３８２２７对实验性哮喘豚鼠气道具有一定的保护作用     

Enhancement of urinary elimination of 3-bromobenzanthrone metabolites by oral supplementation of ascorbic acid in guinea pigs

Objective 3-Bromobenzanthrone (3-BBA), an anthraquinone intermediate dye, is extensively used in textile industry. Since, our prior studies have shown that 3-BBA caused significant depletion of ascorbic acid (AsA) levels, the effect of exogenous supplementation of AsA on the urinary elimination of 3-BBA metabolitcs was investigated. Method Guinea pigs were treated with singleoral dose of 3-BBA (50 mg/kg b. wt,) in groundnut oil while another group was treated with single oral dose of 3-BBA (50 mg/kg b. wt.) along with 3 day prior and post oral supplementation of AsA. Control groups were either treated with groundnut oil or AsA alone. Urine from individual animals was collected, extracted and analysed on HPTLC. Results The highest elimination of 3-BBA (75ug) was found to be in 0-24 h urine fraction which decreased to 18ug and 5 ug in the two subsequent 24 hourly fractions of urine. Exogenous supplementation of AsA increased the total urinary elimination of 3-BBA by almost 77%. A total of 10 fluorescent metabolites excluding the parent compound were eliminated in the urine of guinea pigs treated with 3-BBA. Densitometric scanning of chromatogram showed different peaks at Rf 0.18, 0.22, 0.27, 0.34, 0.40, 0.48, 0.56, 0.66, 0.72, 0.80, and 0.95 which were eliminated and marked as urinary metabolite 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11 respectively. AsA not only significantly enhanced the elimination of 3-BBA metabolites but also modified the pattern of metabolites drastically in 0-6 h, 6-24 h and 24-48 h urine fractions. Conclusion These results indicate that AsA may be useful in protecting the toxicity of 3-BBA by fascilitating the urinary metabolite(s) excretion of 3-BBA.     

地塞米松防治豚鼠钩端螺旋体病肺弥漫性出血机理的实验研究

为探讨地塞米松对豚鼠钩端螺旋体病肺弥漫性出血（ＰＤＨ）的治疗机理,将豚鼠随机分为感染钩端螺旋体肺弥漫性出血组、实验治疗组、地塞米松对照组和正常对照组,每组各１０只。观察４ 组豚鼠的大体解剖,肺、肝、肾组织结构和肝线粒体的超微结构,并测定其肝脏乳酸和线粒体ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性的变化。结果显示： 实验治疗组的上述各项观察指标与其余３ 组比较均有显著性差异（Ｐ＜ ０．０１）。由此提示早期静脉注入５ｍ ｇ 地塞米松,对豚鼠ＰＤＨ 可能有一定的防治作用,其机制可能与地塞米松可稳定线粒体膜,抑制肝乳酸含量,促进线粒体ＡＴＰ酶活性密切相关。     

抗坏血酸在兔类固醇性高眼压中保护作用的研究

目的:研究抗坏血酸在类固醇性高眼压发病中的作用.方法:20只兔分为四组,每组5只.观察四组实验动物眼压变化与时间关系.测定房水抗坏血酸浓度,眼球制作病理切片.结果:单独使用地塞米松组兔眼压显著升高,房水中抗坏血酸浓度明显低于其它组;联合使用地塞米松及抗坏血酸眼压略有升高,后期有下降,小梁网出现轻微病理改变.结论:局部使用皮质类固醇药物治疗时,同时局部给予抗坏血酸,可延缓和减轻类固醇性高眼压的发生.     

顺铂致豚鼠耳毒性作用中细胞凋亡及caspase-3表达的研究

目的：通过顺铂（CDDP）致豚鼠耳毒性作用中细胞凋亡及caspase-3表达的观察,探讨CDDP致耳毒性的作用机制。方法：实验组和对照组豚鼠各10只,前者以CDDP 2.0 mg/（kg.d）连续腹腔注射6 d,后者以等量生理盐水替代。通过ABR测试用药前后豚鼠听力的变化,应用TUNEL法检测耳蜗凋亡细胞,免疫组化法检测caspase-3在耳蜗中的表达。结果：实验组耳蜗凋亡细胞明显增多,caspase-3的表达亦明显增强。结论：caspase-3介导的信号传导机制,可能参与了CDDP所致的耳蜗细胞凋亡过程,导致耳毒性的发生。