Evaluation of the correlation between body mass index and endometriosis among Iranian fertile women

Aims: The investigations have revealed an inverse correlation between body mass index (BMI) and endometriosis. Endometriosis is a common gynecological disease among women of reproductive age, which is defined as the implantation of endometrial glands and stroma outside the uterus. In this respect, we aimed to study the correlation between endometriosis and BMI in Iranian fertile women.

Methods: In a case-control design, 46 fertile women with endometriosis and 53 matched controls were recruited. All of the patients had a laparoscopy or laparotomy surgery and histologically confirmed endometriosis. The control group was selected from healthy volunteers who referred to gynecologist for tubal ligation or surgery of benign gynecological diseases. The participants were interviewed based on a structured questionnaire which covered inquiries regarding demographics, reproductive and menstrual history.

Results: Statistical analysis was performed by categorizing the BMI to four main groups: >30, 25–29.9, 18.5–24.9 and <18.5. The results showed a significant inverse correlation between BMI and endometriosis (p?=?0.039). BMI over 30 was observed in 26% of healthy controls versus 13% of endometriosis patients. On the other hand, BMI under 18.5 were detected in 3 individuals, all of them belonged to the endometriosis group.

Discussion: Recent investigations have emphasized the role of BMI in endometriosis. The results of this study suggest that lower BMI is associated with an increased risk of endometriosis. As a parameter easily obtained, BMI may be useful for risk assessment of endometriosis.     

反复种植失败人群年龄、BMI与非整倍体的关系分析

目的 探讨年龄、身体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)对反复种植失败人群的非整倍体的影响.方法 共纳入2017年5月至2020年6月因反复种植失败行植入前非整倍性基因测试(preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy,PGT-A)治疗的79个周期,按取卵年...     

The association of body mass index and biochemical hyperandrogenaemia in women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome

Objective

To investigate the association between BMI and different androgen parameters in women with PCOS and normal ovulatory women.

Study design

A cross sectional, observational study was carried out. A total of 286 patients aged 20–44 years were recruited. One hundred and sixty-five women had a diagnosis of PCOS and 121 women were ovulatory with no clinical or biochemical or ultrasound evidence of PCOS. The PCOS and non-PCOS groups were sub-divided into two subgroups based on BMI (BMI ≤ 30 kg/m² and BMI > 30 kg/m²). Androgen parameters measured were testosterone, androstenedione, free androgen index and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). Testosterone and androstenedione were measured using tandem mass spectrometry. Free androgen index (FAI) was calculated using the formula: (testosterone/SHBG) × 100. Spearman rank correlations were used to determine relationship between BMI and androgens.

Results

The PCOS group had a higher BMI compared with the non-PCOS group (28.9 ± 5.8, 24.5 ± 4.1). Total testosterone, androstenedione, and FAI were significantly higher while SHBG was lower in the PCOS group. A correlation between BMI and total testosterone was not observed in either group. Positive correlations were observed between BMI and FAI in both PCOS (p < 0.001) and non-PCOS groups (p = 0.02) while a positive correlation was observed between BMI and androstenedione in the PCOS group (p = 0.001). SHBG correlated negatively with BMI in both groups.

Conclusion

A strong correlation exists between BMI and FAI but not with total testosterone, possibly due to the mediation of SHBG. Hyperandrogenaemia in the form of androstenedione seems to be augmented in PCOS with increasing BMI. A direct causal relationship between BMI and androgenaemia was not established.     

Antimullerian hormone levels are inversely associated with body mass index (BMI) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to determine whether antimullerian hormone (AMH) levels were associated with BMI in patients with diagnosed infertility, and more specifically, in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS).

Methods

A retrospective cohort study reviewed all females who presented to the clinical investigators’ practice between November 2011 and March 2013. The following data was retrieved from the medical record: (1) AMH level, (2) age, (3) BMI, (4) ethnicity, and (5) if infertile, etiology of infertility.

Results

AMH levels were available for 489 women. Of these, 104 were diagnosed with PCOS. Overall, there was no association between BMI and AMH (r −0.04, p > 0.05). On the other hand, in the women with PCOS, there was a significant association between BMI and AMH (r −0.31, p < 0.01).

Conclusions

BMI was not associated with AMH levels in the general population of infertile women or in patients without PCOS. However, BMI appeared to be significantly and inversely correlated with AMH in women with PCOS.     

Prepregnancy body mass index and adverse pregnancy outcomes

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between prepregnancy BMI, and adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. METHOD: In this retrospective cohort study 916 consecutive singleton gestations were included who gave birth between 1 January 2006 and 31 August 2006 at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Udine, Italy. Statistical analysis was performed using univaried logistic regression and measured by odds ratio. RESULTS: The obese patients had a statistically, significantly increased incidence of Caesarean section (OR = 2.17, p = 0.009). Women with overweight (OR = 2.43, p = 0.002) and obese weight (OR = 4.86, p < 0.0001) were at increased risk for preterm deliveries. The pre-eclampsia and the fetal macrosomia (> or =4,000 g) were increased in obese women (OR = 5.68, p < 0.0001; OR = 2.58, p = 0.033, respectively). CONCLUSION: Maternal prepregnancy obesity is significantly associated with increased risk of Caesarean section, preterm delivery, pre-eclampsia and macrosomia.     

体质指数在评定巨大儿中的价值

目的 通过比较新生儿出生体质量及体质指数(BMI)两种标准判定巨大儿的差异,探讨BMI用于评定巨大儿中的价值.方法 选取2004年1月-12009年4月中国医科大学附属盛京医院住院产妇(无任何妊娠期合并症及并发症)分娩的单胎、足月、出生体质量>2500 g的5522例新生儿,其中4989例出生体质量为2510-4000 g(<4000 g组),533例t≥4000 g(≥4000 g组).测量新生儿的体质量、身长.根据受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线得出BMI界值及敏感度和特异度,以BMI界值重新作为巨大儿判定标准进行判断分析.结果 (1)当新生儿身长为40～43 cm时,平均出生体质量为(3010 ±351)g,BMI为(17.0 ±2.7)kg/m2;身长为48～51 cm时,平均出生体质量为(3450±313)g,BMI为(13.2 ±1.4)kg/m2;身长56～60 cm时,出生体质量为(4332±456)g,BMI为(12.5±1.3)kg/m2.随着身长增加,出生体质量逐渐增加,而BMI逐渐下降.(2)ROC曲线得出,巨大儿的BMI界值为14.2 kg/m2,敏感度为78.4%,特异度为85.0%,曲线下面积为0.892.(3)以BMI 14.2kg/m2作为界值±4000 g组的新生儿中有111例新生儿为非巨大儿(20.8%,111/533),422例为巨大儿(79.2%,422/533);<4000 g组的新生儿中有728例新生儿为巨大儿(14.59%,728/4989),4261例新生儿为非巨大儿(85.41%,4261/4989).以14.2 kg/m2为界值,≥4000 g组中的巨大儿和非巨大儿的身长[分别为(52.2 ±1.8)及(55.6 ±1.3)cm]比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);<4000 g组中的巨大儿和非巨大儿的身长[分别为(49.0 ±2.2)及(50.8 ±2.2)cm]比较,差异也有统计学意义(P<0.01).以14.2 kg/m2作为BMI界值,两组中总的巨大儿发生率为20.83%(1150/5522).结论 新生儿出生体质量和BMI两种标准在判定巨大儿之间存在差别,且身长因素与两种判定结果之间的差异有相关性,表明身长在判定巨大儿时起着重要作用.在巨大儿的诊断及管理中,有必要以BMI14.2 kg/m2作为界值判定巨大儿.     

The relationship between antenatal body attitudes,pre-pregnancy body mass index,and gestational weight gain

Objectivesan estimated 50% of women experience excessive gestational weight gain (GWG). Maternal body attitudes are associated with GWG, however this relationship is complex and may differ based on pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) or gestational age. The aim of this study was to explore the moderating role of maternal pre-pregnancy BMI on the relationship between body attitudes in early-to-mid and late pregnancy and GWG.Design/Participantspregnant women less than 18 weeks gestation were recruited for a postal questionnaire study via Australian pregnancy online forums, pregnancy and parenting magazines, and antenatal clinics. In early-mid pregnancy (Time 1; mean (M) = 16.81 weeks gestation, standard deviation (SD) = 1.18), participants reported demographics, pre-pregnancy weight, height, and body attitudes (salience of weight and shape, attractiveness, strength and fitness and feeling fat). In late pregnancy, body attitudes (Time 2; M = 32.65 weeks gestation, SD = 0.91) and weight (Time 3; M = 37.15 weeks gestation, SD = 1.55) were reported. Pre-pregnancy BMI and total GWG were calculated. Moderation analyses were conducted.Findingsin early-mid pregnancy, pre-pregnancy BMI moderated the relationship between feeling fat and GWG. Pre-pregnancy BMI did not moderate the relationship between body attitudes and GWG for salience of weight and shape, attractiveness or strength and fitness in early-mid pregnancy. In late pregnancy, pre-pregnancy BMI moderated the relationship between all four body attitude facets (salience of weight and shape, attractiveness, feeling fat and strength and fitness) and GWG.Conclusion/Implications for practicethe relationship between body attitudes and GWG was moderated by pre-pregnancy BMI, particularly in late pregnancy. It is recommended that antenatal health care providers monitor women's body attitudes throughout pregnancy to aid in the management of healthy GWG and promote positive maternal and infant health outcomes. This is particularly important for women entering pregnancy with an underweight/normal weight BMI.     

The relation of body mass index,menopausal symptoms,and lipid profile with bone mineral density in postmenopausal women

ObjectiveWe aimed to evaluate the relationship of menopausal symptoms, body mass index (BMI), and serum lipid profile with Bone Mineral Density (BMD) levels.Materials and methods452 postmenopausal women were included in this case–control study at our outpatient clinic between January 2012 and January 2015. The patients were stratified according to their BMD, based on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometer (DXA) results, as the normal group (−1 ≤ T-score), osteopenia group (−2.5 < T-score < −1), and osteoporosis group (T-score ≤ −2.5). High Density Lipoprotein (HDL), Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol (TC), and triglycerides (TG), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels were measured. To assess the menopausal symptoms, the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) questionnaire was used.ResultsWaist circumference (WC) and BMI were significantly lower in the osteoporosis group than in normal and osteopenia groups (p: 0.001, p: 0.001, respectively). L2-L4 measurements were negatively correlated with Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) levels, but positively correlated with WC. BMI showed significant positive correlation with Femur Neck (FN), L1–L2, and L2–L4 measurements. Among menopausal symptoms, there was a significant negative correlation between heart discomfort and L1–L2 levels. On multiple regression analysis, a relation between FN scores and somatic symptom scores was identified.ConclusionHyperlipidemia, lower BMI, lower WC, and severe somatic symptoms may be associated with decreased BMD.     

Effect of body mass index on clinical manifestations in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome

Objective

To determine whether there is a correlation between body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure or clinical features such as hirsutism in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Method

In this cross-sectional study, 62 women with PCOS were allocated to one of 3 groups according to a BMI range defining normal weight, overweight, or obesity. Blood pressure, waist-to-hip ratio, Ferriman and Gallwey hirsutism score, and presence of acne were recorded for each participant and the means were compared among groups.

Results

The overall mean age was 35.85 ± 5.03 years; BMI, 31.91 ± 6.40; systolic and diastolic blood pressure, 113.02 ± 16.10 mm Hg and 71.79 ± 10.04 mm Hg; waist-to-hip ratio, 0.82 ± 0.07; and hirsutism score, 3.63 ± 4.35. Acne was present in 24 participants. Of these, 8 (33.3%) were overweight and 13 (54.2%) obese. When groups were compared, a progressive and significant increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure was observed from the normal weight to the obese group.

Conclusion

We observed a significant and progressive correlation between BMI and both blood pressure and clinical features in women with PCOS.     

The effect of prepregnancy body mass index on birth weight,preterm birth,cesarean section,and preeclampsia in pregnant women

Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the impact of maternal prepregnancy BMI on birth weight, preterm birth, cesarean section, and preeclampsia among pregnant women delivering singleton life birth.

Methods: A cross-sectional study of 4397 women who gave singleton birth in Tehran, Iran from 6 to 21 July 2015, was conducted. Women were categorized into four groups: underweight (BMI?2), normal (BMI 18.5–25?kg/m²), overweight (BMI 25–30?kg/m²) and obese (BMI >30?kg/m²), and their obstetric and infant outcomes were analyzed using both univariate and multivariate logistic regression.

Results: Prepregnancy BMI of women classified 198 women as underweight (4.5%), 2293 normal (52.1%), 1434 overweight (32.6%), and 472 as obese (10.7%). In comparison with women of normal weight, women who were overweight or obese were at increased risk of preeclampsia (odds ratio (OR)?=?1.47, 95% CI?=?1.06–2.02; OR?=?3.67, 95% CI?=?2.57–5.24, respectively) and cesarean section (OR?=?1.21, 95% CI?=?1.04–1.41; OR?=?1.35, 95% CI?=?1.06–1.72, respectively). Infants of obese women were more likely to be macrosomic (OR?=?2.43, 95% CI?=?1.55–3.82).

Conclusion: Prepregnancy obesity is a risk factor for macrosomia, preeclampsia, and cesarean section and need for resuscitation.     

Effect of prepregnancy body mass index categories on obstetrical and neonatal outcomes

Objectives To examine the association between body mass index (BMI) and obstetrical and neonatal outcomes.Methods We conducted a cohort study comparing prepregnant BMI categories with obstetrical and neonatal outcomes using the McGill Obstetrical and Neonatal Database on all deliveries in 10 year period (1987–1997). Prepregnant BMI was categorized into underweight (<20), normal (20–24.9), overweight (25–29.9), obese (30–39.9), and morbidly obese (40+). Logistic regression analysis was used to adjust for age, smoking, parity, and preexisting diabetes using normal BMI as the reference.Results The population consisted of underweight 4,312 (23.1%), normal weight 10,021 (53.8%), overweight 3,069 (16.5%), obese 1,137 (6.1%), and morbidly obese 104 (0.6%). As compared to women with normal BMIs, overweight, obese, and morbidly obese women had an increased risk of preeclampsia 2.28 (1.88–2.77), 4.65 (3.71–5.83), 6.26 (3.48–11.26); gestational hypertension 1.56 (1.35–1.81), 2.01 (1.64–2.45), 2.77 (1.60–4.78); gestational diabetes 1.89 (1.63–2.19), 3.22 (2.68–3.87), 4.71 (2.89–7.67); preterm birth 1.20 (1.04–1.38), 1.60 (1.32–1.94), 2.43 (1.46–4.05); cesarean section 1.48 (1.35–1.62), 1.85 (1.62–2.11), 2.92 (1.97–4.34); and macrosomia 1.66 (1.23–2.24), 2.32 (1.58–3.41), 2.10 (0.64–6.86). Underweight women were less likely to have: preeclampsia 0.67 (0.52–0.86), gestational hypertension 0.71 (0.60–0.83), gestational diabetes 0.82 (0.69–0.97), cesarean section 0.89 (0.81–0.97), shoulder dystocia 0.88 (0.80–0.96), birth injuries 0.40 (0.21–0.77), and macrosomia 0.43 (0.28–0.68) but more likely to have small for gestational age infants 1.54 (1.37–1.72) and intrauterine growth restricted infants 1.33 (1.07–1.67).Conclusion In a large Canadian teaching hospital, increasing prepregnancy BMI category was associated with an increasing risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Underweight prepregnancy BMI was associated with a reduced risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.     

Relationship between serum human chorionic gonadotrophin levels and body mass index in women undergoing in vitro fertilisation cycles

OBJECTIVE: To ascertain if serum concentrations following injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) influenced the outcome of in vitro fertilisation (IVF) treatment and correlated to body mass index (BMI). STUDY DESIGN: A prospective study conducted with the participation of 149 women undergoing IVF and/or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatment at the regional IVF Unit in Liverpool, UK. The BMI of each individual was calculated and serum hCG concentrations were measured at 12 and 36 h following a subcutaneously (SC) injection of 5000 IU hCG. The main outcome measures were fertilisation rate and biochemical pregnancy rate. RESULTS: No correlation was found between serum hCG levels at 12 and 36 h with the number of oocytes retrieved or the number of oocytes fertilised. Furthermore, there was no correlation between BMI and hCG levels at 12 and 36 h following administration (Pearson's correlation coefficient: -0.23, -0.24, respectively). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the serum concentrations of hCG do not influence IVF outcome and that the serum levels of hCG achieved following administration do not correlate with the individual's BMI. Serum hCG concentration also does not correlate with number of oocytes collected or fertilisation rate.     

Maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index and the risk for gestational diabetes mellitus in women with twin pregnancy in South Korea

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and the risk for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in women with twin pregnancy in South Korea.Materials and methodsWe performed a single-center, retrospective cohort study involving 1028 women with twin pregnancy from January 2006 to December 2018 in South Korea. Pregnancies with monoamnionic twins, twin–twin transfusion syndrome, fetal death in utero before 24 weeks, pre-gestational diabetes mellitus, and unknown BMI or GDM status were excluded. Subjects were grouped into four groups based on pre-pregnancy BMI: underweight (<18.5 kg/m²), normal (18.5–22.9 kg/m²), overweight (23.0–24.9 kg/m²), and obese (≥25.0 kg/m²).ResultsAmong 1028 women who were included in the analysis, 169 (16.4%), 655 (63.7%), 111 (10.8%), and 93 (9.0%) women were underweight, normal, overweight, and obese, respectively, before pregnancy. The incidence of GDM was 8.9% in the total study population: 4.7%, 8.2%, 11.7%, and 17.2% in the underweight, normal, overweight, and obese group, respectively (p = 0.005). The incidence of GDM significantly increased according to the increase in pre-pregnancy BMI (p < 0.001). Women in the obese group were more likely to be affected by GDM compared to the normal group (adjusted odds ratio = 2.20, 95% confidence interval = 1.19–4.08) after controlling for maternal age, parity, type of conception, and chorionicity.ConclusionIn twin pregnancies in South Korea, the risk of GDM increased as maternal pre-pregnancy BMI increased and obese women before pregnancy were more likely to be affected by GDM.     

The influence of body mass index on in vitro fertilization outcome

Objective

To examine whether body mass index (BMI) influences the outcome of in vitro fertilization (IVF).

Methods

We studied 516 IVF cycles, 438 undergone by nonobese (BMI ≤ 30) and 78 by obese (BMI > 30) women who all had an a priori favorable prognosis (age < 40 years and first, second, or third IVF cycle).

Results

Pregnancy was achieved in 122 (27.9%) nonobese and 12 (15.4%) obese women. The obese women required significantly longer stimulation and more gonadotropin ampoules, and had lower peak estradiol levels and a significantly lower fertilization rate; obese poor responders had a significantly lower pregnancy rate than nonobese poor responders; and the prevalence of poor responders was significantly higher among obese than nonobese women (28.2% vs 16.9%, P < 0.04).

Conclusion

While the likelihood of poor responders was increased among obese women, reasonable conception rates were achieved in nonobese poor responders, and were comparable to the rates in nonobese and obese normal responders.     

孕前体重指数对糖筛选异常孕妇妊娠结局的影响

目的：探讨孕前体重指数对单纯50g糖筛选阳性的孕妇母儿预后的影响。方法：选取2000年1月至2006年12月在上海第一人民医院行50g糖筛选异常而75g葡萄糖耐量试验结果正常的孕妇655例为研究对象,按孕前体重指数（BMI）分为3组：A：消瘦组（〈18.5kg/m^2）,B：体重正常组（18.5~24.9kg/m^2）,C.超重及肥胖组（〉25kg/m^2）,比较3组孕妇的妊娠结局。结果：655例孕妇中,A组95例（14.5%）,B组483例（73.7%）,C组77例（11.8%）。与B组相比,C组孕妇发生妊娠不良结局的危险度增高,其中子痫前期OR为3.58（95%Cl2.28~9.98）,早产OR3.64（95%Cl1.73~7.67）,巨大儿OR1.49（95%Cl1.23~3.01）,低出生体重儿OR2.55（95%Cl1.03~6.32）,新生儿低血糖OR4.07（95%Cl2.31~12.78）;A组发生低出生体重儿的几率增加,为2.70（95%Cl1.66~4.40）。结论：孕前体重指数是影响妊娠结局的独立因素。