心电图QRS波终末变形对室性期前收缩性心肌病病人预后的影响

目的探讨心电图QRS波终末变形对室性期前收缩性心肌病病人预后的影响。方法选择2013年2月—2015年1月在我院就诊的室性期前收缩性心肌病病人98例,根据病人12导心电图检查是否有QRS波终末变形将病人分成观察组(有QRS波终末变形,n=49)和对照组(无QRS波终末变形,n=49)。观察记录两组病人心电图与心功能状况,同时进行预后调查与判断。结果观察组ST段抬高导联数与QRS积分明显高于对照组(P0.05)。观察组左室收缩末期容积指数(LVESVI)、左室舒张末期容积指数(LVEDVI)明显低于对照组(P0.05)。所有病人随访6个月,观察组恶性心律失常、心力衰竭、再发心绞痛、心源性死亡等严重心血管事件发生情况明显多于对照组(P0.05)。结论心电图QRS波终末变形不仅可评价室性期前收缩性心肌病的心功能状况,也可预测预后。     

终末QRS变形与ST段测量估测急性前壁心肌梗死面积以及溶栓疗效的临床价值

利用SelvesterQRS计分系统,比较ST段测量与QRS终末变形对急性前壁心肌梗死(简称心梗)患者最后梗死面积和溶栓治疗效果的影响。选择644例第一次急性前壁心梗患者,其中398例接受溶栓治疗,246例未接受溶栓治疗。从入院时首次稳定心电图上估计ST段抬高的导联数目、ST段抬高的幅度(∑ST)及QRS终末形态。根据QRS终末变形存在与否将患者分为两组:QRS终末变形(QRS+)组,QRS终末无变形(QRS-)组。利用修改的SelvesterQRS计分系统,从出院前心电图上估计最后梗死面积。结果:接受与未接受溶栓治疗者QRS+组∑ST、ST段抬高导联数大于QRS-组,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。在QRS-和QRS+者,溶栓治疗均能减少Selvester计分;但最后梗死面积的减少仅在QRS-的患者有意义(P<0.01)。ST段抬高的幅度与最后梗死面积之间无相关性;ST段抬高导联数仅与溶栓治疗者的最后梗死面积有关(r=0.25141,P≤0.05)。溶栓组QRS+者无复灌流率较QRS-者高。结论:QRS终末变形较ST段测量能更好地估测急性前壁心梗患者的最后梗死面积和溶栓治疗的效果。     

梗死相关血管晚期开通对急性心肌梗死后左室功能的影响

目的探讨急性前壁心肌梗死后延迟经皮冠状动脉血运重建术(PCI)使梗死相关血管(IRA)开通对心梗晚期左室功能的影响。方法选择64例急性前壁、前间壁及广泛前壁Q波性心梗后病情稳定,发病10～21d冠脉造影证实左前降支完全闭塞者,依据是否接受成功PCI,分为成功PCI组和对照组,分别于急性期、术后2个月和6个月应用超声心动图随访左室腔大小、左室功能和室壁活动异常,并观察6个月期间心力衰竭事件的发生情况。结果心梗后2个月两组左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室收缩末期容积指数(LVESVI)、左室舒张末期容积指数(LVEDVI)和室壁活动异常(VWMA)积分与急性期相比无明显差异(P>0.05),急性期和2个月时两组上述各指标之间相比差异也无显著性(均P>0.05)。6个月时两组LVEF和VWMA积分与急性期和2个月相比无明显差异(P>0.05),但对照组LVEDVI和LVESVI较急性期明显增大(P<0.01,P<0.05),且与成功PCI组相比差异具有显著性(P<0.01,P<0.05)。6个月随访期间心力衰竭事件发生率对照组为19%,成功PCI组2%,但差异缺乏统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论急性前壁心梗后IRA延迟开通能明显减少心梗后晚期的左室重构,而对心梗后早期左室重构的影响不大。延迟PCI可能有利于减少心梗后远期心力衰竭事件的发生。     

急性前壁心肌梗死后梗死相关血管延迟开通对晚期左室重构的影响

目的探讨急性前壁心肌梗死后,延迟经皮冠状动脉血运重建术(PCI)使梗死相关血管(IRA)开通,对心梗晚期左室重构的影响.方法选择64例急性前壁、前间壁及广泛前壁Q波性心梗后病情稳定,发病10～21天冠脉造影证实左前降支完全闭塞者,依据是否接受成功PCI,分为成功PCI组和对照组,分别于急性期、术后2个月和6个月应用超声心动图随访左室腔大小、左室功能和室壁活动异常,并观察6个月期间心力衰竭事件的发生情况.结果心梗后2个月两组左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室收缩末期容积指数(LVESVI)、左室舒张末期容积指数(LVEDVI)和室壁活动异常(VWMA)积分与急性期相比无明显差异(P＞0.05),急性期和2个月时两组上述各指标之间相比差异也无显著性(均P＞0.05).6个月时两组LVEF和VWMA积分与急性期和2个月相比无明显差异(P＞0.05),但对照组LVEDVI和LVESVI较急性期明显增大(P＜0.01,P＜0.05),且与成功PCI组相比差异具有显著性(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).6个月随访期间心力衰竭事件发生率对照组为19%,成功PCI组2%,但差异缺乏统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论急性前壁心梗后IRA延迟开通能明显减少心梗后晚期的左室重构,而对心梗后早期左室重构的影响不大.延迟PCI可能有利于减少心梗后远期心力衰竭事件的发生.     

急性心肌梗死患者初始QRS波形态与预后的关系探讨

目的　了解急性心肌梗死 (AMI)患者初始QRS波形态与预后的关系。方法　将 38例患者根据AMI初QRS波形态是否变形分成两组 ,即ST段升高伴QRS波终末变形者为阳性组 (QRS+ ) ,ST段升高不伴QRS波终末变形者为阴性组 (QRS- ) ,并进行跟踪观察。结果　QRS+ 组在住院期间有37 5 %患者死亡、5 0 %患者发生心脏性休克 ,而QRS- 组住院期间只有 6 6 %患者死亡、13 3%患者发生心脏性休克。 (t =5 2 5 ,P <0 0 5 ;t =5 11,P <0 0 5 )两组相比有显著性差异。结论　急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者初始QRS波形态与预后有关     

经皮冠状动脉介入治疗对冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞病变患者左心室重构及心功能的影响

目的评价经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)对伴左心室收缩功能不全的冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞(CTO)患者左室重构及心功能的影响。方法选择该院心内科住院患者88例,经冠状动脉造影(CAG)证实均为伴左心室收缩功能不全的慢性冠状动脉闭塞病变,根据是否对CTO病变行PCI治疗,将患者分为PCI治疗组(n=48)和药物治疗组(n=40)。于CAG术前及术后1周、3个月、6个月分别进行超声心动图检查,计算校正的舒张末期容积指数(LVEDVI)、收缩末期容积指数(LVESVI)和左室射血分数(LVEF),比较两组患者左室重构及心功能的差异。结果两组CAG基线资料比较,差异无统计学意义。CAG术后1周时两组LVEDVI、LVESVI、LVEF比较,差异无统计学意义。3个月时PCI组LVEDVI较术前显著降低,LVEF显著提高;与药物治疗组相比,差异也有统计学意义。6个月时PCI组LVEDVI进一步降低,LVEF进一步提高。结论PCI能够改善伴左心室收缩功能不全的CTO患者左心室收缩功能,改善左心室重构。     

急性ST段抬高性前壁心肌梗死患者的右心室功能分析

目的:评价急性前壁ST段抬高性心肌梗死直接经皮冠状动脉成形术(PCI)患者的右心室收缩和舒张功能变化。方法:分析46例急性前壁ST段抬高性心肌梗死患者[前降支近端完全闭塞者24例(前降支近端闭塞组),前降支远端急性闭塞者22例(前降支远端闭塞组)]直接PCI和35例冠状动脉造影"正常"患者(对照组)的临床、冠状动脉造影和心电图资料。采用二维心脏超声分别测定入选患者的右心室舒张末期容积(RVEDV),右心室收缩末期容积(RVESV),右心室射血分数(RVEF),平均肺动脉压(MPAP),左心室舒张末期容积(LVEDV),左心室收缩末期容积(LVESV),左心室射血分数(LVEF)和心脏指数(CI)。结果:与对照组相比,前降支远端闭塞组的平均肺动脉压无显著性差异(P>0.05),而右心室舒张末期容积和收缩末期容积增大,右心室射血分数降低;左心室舒张末期容积和收缩末期容积增加,左心室射血分数、心脏指数减低(P均<0.01)。与前降支远端闭塞组比较,前降支近端闭塞组的左心室舒张末期容积和收缩末期容积增加(P<0.01),心脏指数和左心室射血分数减少(P<0.01),右心室舒张末期容积收缩末期容积和平均肺动脉压增加(P<0.05～0.01),右心室射血分数降低(P<0.01)。多元线性回归分析表明前降支近端闭塞与右心室射血分数降低(R2=0.38,P<0.01)、右心室舒张末期容积增加(R2=0.410,P<0.01)有较好的相关性。2周后,前降支近端和远端闭塞组的右心室舒张末期容积、右心室收缩末期容积、平均肺动脉压和右心室射血分数无明显差异,而前降支近端闭塞患者的左心室舒张末期容积和收缩末期容积增大,左心室射血分数和心脏指数较低(P均<0.01)。结论:提示前降支近端闭塞可能伴右心室前壁部分心肌梗死导致右心室收缩和舒张功能障碍。     

清热化瘀方对热毒血瘀型急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死病人急诊PCI术后左室重构的影响

目的观察清热化瘀方对热毒血瘀型急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)病人急诊经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)术后左室重构的影响。方法选取2018年5月1日—2019年12月1日在上海中医药大学附属曙光医院心血管科住院诊断为急性STEMI并行急诊PCI术的病人100例,随机分为中药组和对照组,各50例。对照组根据治疗指南给予标准化西医治疗,中药组在标准化西医治疗基础上加用清热化瘀方治疗,治疗时间为1个月。观察两组治疗前、治疗后7 d和治疗后30 d炎性因子、心功能指标变化;观察两组治疗前、治疗后1个月和随访6个月时左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左心室收缩末期内径(LVESD)、左心室后壁厚度(LVPWT)、室间隔厚度(IVSd)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室重量指数(LVMI)、左室舒张末期容积指数(LVEDVI)、左室收缩末期容积指数(LVESVI)水平变化。结果治疗后7 d,中药组白介素-8(IL-8)水平明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后30 d,中药组白介素-6(IL-6)水平明显低于对照组(P<0.05),而血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)水平...     

急性心肌梗死后行PTCA的时间对左室功能的长期影响

评估急性心梗(AMI)患者接受初次的血管成形术(PTCA)后,及时地再灌注对于左室功能恢复的重要性。 方法 95例成功地行PTCA术的AMI患者作为研究对象,分别在PTCA术后3、7、30、90、和180日行超声心动图,观察心脏舒张末期容积指数(EDVI)和心脏收缩末期容积指数(ESVI),射血分数(EF),左室壁运动指数(WMSI)。 结果 患者分为4组:A组23例患者在2h     

急性前壁心肌梗死经皮冠状动脉血运重建术后ST段持续抬高对其晚期左室功能的影响

目的:探讨急性前壁心肌梗死(MI)患者行直接经皮冠状动脉血运重建术(PCI)后心电图ST段持续 性抬高对MI后晚期左室功能和临床预后的影响。方法:选择因急性前壁MI入院成功接受直接PCI的患者72 例,动态观察PCI前后心电图ST段的变化,以PCI后1hST段下降>50%为ST段下降组,相反为ST段抬高 组。应用超声心动图测定MI后早期(2～3周)和晚期(5～6个月)左室功能和室壁活动异常的变化,并随访其间 心血管事件的发生率。结果:ST段下降组53例(73.6%),ST段抬高组19例(26.4%)。MI后早期两组间左室 功能和室壁活动异常(VWMA)无明显差异;晚期ST段抬高组左室射血分数(LVEF)明显低于ST段下降组(P <0.05),而左心室舒张末期容积指数(LVEDVI)、左心室收缩末期容积指数(LVESVI)和VWMA积分均明显高 于ST段下降组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。随访期间ST段抬高组主要心血管事件的发生率略高于ST段下降组, 但差异无统计学意义。ST段下降组MI前心绞痛和直接支架术的比例明显高于ST段抬高组(P<0.05)。结 论:ST段持续性抬高者MI晚期左室功能较差,有MI前心绞痛和直接支架术者PCI后ST段持续性抬高的发生 率可能较低。     

Relationship between terminal QRS distortion on the admission electrocardiogram and the time course of left ventricular wall motion in anterior wall acute myocardial infarction

In order to clarify the time course of left ventricular (LV) wall motion in patients with anterior acute myocardial infarction (AMI) showing terminal QRS distortion on the admission electrocardiogram (ECG), the present study examined 106 patients with their first anterior AMI (< or =6 h) who underwent emergency coronary arteriography and cardiac cathetherization at 1 and 6 months after the infarction. The patients were classified into 2 groups according to the presence (group A, n=23) or absence (group B, n=83) of terminal QRS distortion (emergence of the J point at > or =50% of the R-wave amplitude in leads with QR configuration and/or absence of S waves in leads with RS configuration) on the admission ECG. Group A had a lower LV ejection fraction and more reduced regional wall motion (RWM) in the infarct region at both 1 and 6 months after AMI than group B. The degree of improvement in RWM between 1 and 6 months after AMI was less in group A than in group B (-0.1+/-0.5 vs 0.4+/-0.6 SD/chord, p<0.01). This study indicates that patients with anterior AMI showing terminal QRS distortion on the admission ECG have more severely depressed LV wall motion and less improvement in RWM in the infarct region in the healing stage, suggesting that this sign is an indicator of severe myocardial damage.     

QRS波群形态对急性心肌梗死患者心功能和预后的影响

目的通过对急性ST段抬高心肌梗死(STEMI)患者入院时心电图QRS波群变化进行缺血分级,探讨缺血分级的临床意义。方法 223例STEMI患者根据入院时心电图QRS波群变化进行缺血分级:2级缺血组(134例):ST段抬高但QRS波终末部无改变;3级缺血组(89例):除ST段抬高外,QRS波终末部扭曲且常伴R波增高与S波消失。两组患者在发病12h内均行溶栓治疗,观察心电图ST段变化;梗死后2w行99m锝-甲氧基异丁基异腈(99mTc-MIBI)心肌灌注断层显像(SPECT)和99m锝-红细胞(99mTc-RBC)心血池显像,测定心肌梗死面积和心功能;统计2组患者住院期间并发症的发生率。结果入院时和溶栓后2h,3级缺血组ST段抬高的幅度(∑ST)均显著大于2级缺血组(P0.01),溶栓后2h,ST段回降率显著低于2级缺血组(P0.01);3级缺血组肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)峰值显著高于2级缺血组(P0.01),心肌梗死面积大于2级缺血组(P0.05),左室射血分数低于2级缺血组(P0.05);两组患者严重心律失常、心力衰竭或心源性休克、再梗死的发生率和住院病死率均无显著性差异,但3级缺血组有高于2级缺血组的趋势。结论入院时心电图呈3级缺血的急性STEMI患者溶栓后易于出现ST段回降不良,导致心肌梗死面积大,心功能和预后差,需要采取更加积极的治疗措施。     

The relationship between terminal QRS complex distortion and early low dose dobutamine stress echocardiography in acute anterior myocardial infarction

Although the damage in myocardial infarction has been demonstrated to be related with the magnitude and number of ST elevation, its relation with terminal distortion of QRS is unclear. The relationship between terminal QRS distortion in ECGs on admission and the results of early low dose dobutamine stress echocardiography (LDSE) performed 6 +/- 2 days later was investigated. Patients admitted to our clinic within the first six hours of their chest pain and without a prior infarction diagnosis were divided into two groups based on the admission electrocardiogram as the absence (QRS-, n = 33) or presence (QRS+, n = 29) of distortion of the terminal portion of the QRS in > or = 2 leads (QRS+; J point at > 50% of the R wave amplitude in lateral leads or presence of ST elevation without S wave in leads V1-V3). There were no significant differences between the groups with respect to thrombolytic therapy or reperfusion criteria. During LDSE, the infarct zone wall motion score index (WMSI) in the QRS- group was significantly decreased relative to baseline (from 2.93 +/- 0.65 to 2.37 +/- 0.84, P = 0.02), and it was significantly different compared with WMSI in the QRS+ group (P = 0.005). Improvement of akinetic regions to hypokinetic regions in the infarct zone (IZ) was found to be 33.5% (44/131) in the QRS- group and 17.8% (27/151 P = 0.004) in the QRS+ group. Furthermore, 55.1% (10/29) of the patients in the QRS+ group and only 18.1% (6/33) of those in the QRS- group did not respond to LDSE (P < 0.05). In multiple logistic regression analysis, while there was no relationship between good left ventricular functions (WMSI < 2) and terminal QRS distortion under basal conditions (P = 0.07), an independent relation was observed to exist between them after LDSE (P = 0.03, OR 4.48, 95% CI, 1.13-17.7). Moreover, plasma CK levels were higher in the QRS+ group (P = 0.03), whereas the ejection fraction was worse (P = 0.01). In both groups, there was no correlation between the Selvester score and left ventricle WMSI at baseline, but this correlation was significantly improved with LDSE (QRS-; r = 0.39 P = 0.02 and QRS+; r = 0.44 P = 0.01) The viability in the IZ is relatively less in those patients with terminal QRS distortion observed in their ECG on admission. This simple classification would be useful in predicting left ventricular function at the time of discharge.     

Determinants and prognostic implications of terminal QRS complex distortion in patients treated with primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction

Terminal QRS complex distortion on admission has an impact on a patient's prognosis after primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We evaluated the determinants and prognostic significance of terminal QRS complex distortion in 153 consecutive patients with AMI after primary angioplasty. The study population was divided into 2 groups according to the presence (group I, n = 41) or absence (group II, n = 112) of terminal QRS complex distortion. The primary end points were the occurrence, within 6 weeks after AMI, of death, nonfatal reinfarction, or congestive heart failure. Baseline characteristics were similar between the 2 groups. However, patients in group I had higher peak levels of serum creatine kinase than those in group II (5,100 +/- 3,100 vs 3,000 +/- 1,800 U/L, respectively, p <0.01). The rate of angiographic no-reflow (Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction flow grade < or =2) was 31.7% in group I and 10.7% in group II (p <0.01). The predischarge left ventricular ejection fraction was 45.0 +/- 12.0% in group I and 54.0 +/- 8.0% in group II (p <0.01). Multivariate analysis identified the pressure-derived fractional collateral flow index and the culprit lesion in the left anterior descending coronary artery as independent determinants of the terminal QRS complex distortion. No patients died during 6 weeks of follow-up. The 2 groups were similar for life-threatening arrhythmia or reinfarction. However, there were more patients in group I than in group II with congestive heart failure (26.8% vs 5.4%, respectively, p <0.01) or who reached the primary end points (29.3% vs 5.4%, respectively, p <0.01). In conclusion, terminal QRS complex distortion on admission is associated with poor clinical outcome after primary angioplasty for AMI, and collateral flow may have a major influence on terminal QRS complex distortion during AMI.     

ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死患者入院时心电图表现的临床意义

目的:评价ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死(STEMI)患者入院时心电图缺血程度(ST段抬高和QRS波终末扭曲)对梗死范围和住院期间病死率判断的价值。方法:入选STEMI患者122例,发病时间均在12h以内,根据入院时心电图表现分为非QRS波终末扭曲组(n=73)和QRS波终末扭曲组(n=49),住院期间记录一般临床特征、动态监测肌酸激酶(CK)和肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)水平,并记录住院期间死亡例数。结果:QRS波终末扭曲组发病年龄较大(P=0.001),ST段抬高导联数多(P=0.025)及入院时Killp分级>1者例数多(P=0.044),有较高的CK[(1526.5±1180.4)IUvs(2129.7±1414.1)IU,P=0.012]和CK-MB[(137.1±109.0)IUvs(184.9±117.0)IU,P=0.023]水平。2组住院期间病死率分别为6.8%vs20.4%,Logistic回归证实住院期间病死率与QRS波终末扭曲呈明显的相关性(OR值7.14,95%可信区间1.17～43.60,P=0.016)。结论:入院时心电图QRS波终末扭曲对STEMI患者梗死范围大小和住院期间病死率有独立的预测价值。     

Grade 3 ischemia on the admission electrocardiogram predicts rapid progression of necrosis over time and less myocardial salvage by primary angioplasty

BACKGROUND: Among patients with ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction, those with terminal QRS distortion (grade 3 ischemia) have higher mortality and larger infarct size (IS) than patients without QRS distortion (grade 2 ischemia). METHODS: We assessed the relation of baseline electrocardiographic ischemia grades to area at risk (AR) and myocardial salvage [100 (AR-IS)/AR] in 79 patients who underwent primary angioplasty for first ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction and had technetium Tc 99m sestamibi single-photon emission computed tomography before angioplasty (AR) and at predischarge (IS). Patients were classified as having grade 2 ischemia (ST elevation without terminal QRS distortion in any of the leads, n = 48), grade 2.5 ischemia (ST elevation with terminal QRS distortion in 1 lead, n = 16), or grade 3 ischemia (ST elevation with terminal QRS distortion in >2 adjacent leads, n = 15). RESULTS: Time to treatment was comparable among groups. AR was comparable among groups (38% +/- 20%, 33% +/- 23%, and 34% +/- 23%, respectively; P = .70). There were no differences among groups in residual myocardial perfusion (severity index 0.28 +/- 0.12, 0.29 +/- 0.16, and 0.30 +/- 0.15 in grades 2, 2.5, and 3 ischemia, respectively; P = .97). In contrast, there was a trend toward lower myocardial salvage (45% +/- 32%) in the grade 3 group than in the grade 2 (65% +/- 33%) and grade 2.5 (65% +/- 40%) groups ( P = .16). Salvage was dependent on time only in the grade 3 group. Spearman rank correlation coefficients between time to treatment and percentage salvage were 0.003 ( P = .99), -0.24 ( P = .38), and -0.63 ( P = .022) for grades 2, 2.5, and 3, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with grade 3 ischemia have rapid progression of necrosis over time and less myocardial salvage. This admission pattern is a predictor of myocardial salvage by primary angioplasty.     

Normalization of the ECG in right heart infarct

A 6-month ECG follow-up was carried out in 65 patients with right-ventricular infarction accompanied by anterior (n = 17) and inferior (n = 48) left-ventricular necrosis. QRS morphology and ST-segment alterations were evaluated in the period of rehabilitation and 6 months later. By the end of the 6th month, QRS in V3-4R returned to normal in 12 patients (18%), and there was no ST elevation in any of the patients at that time. Normalizations of QRS in V3-4R was about the same in the two groups and it was independent of patients' ages.     

右室间隔起搏与心尖部起搏对完全性房室传导阻滞患者心功能影响的比较

目的:初步探讨右室间隔起搏(RVSP)和右室心尖部起搏( RVAP)对完全房室传导阻滞( CAVB) 患者心功能的影响。方法:87例因CAVB植入起搏器的患者, 其中45例行RVSP术(RVSP组)，42例行RVAP术(RVAP组)，分别对术前及术后6、12和18个月，患者的QRS波时限、左室舒张末内径（LVEDD）、 左室射血分数（LVEF）、每搏量（SV）、心脏指数（CI）、加速度指数（ACI）进行检查比较。结果:所有患者均完成12个月随访, 79例完成18个月随访。术后RVAP组QRS波时限较RVSP组明显增宽(P<0.05)，术后12个月RVAP组LVEF、SV、ACI均较RVSP组明显降低(P<0.05)，术后18个月RVAP组LVEDD较RVSP组明显增大(P<0.05)，RVAP组CI均较RVSP组降低，但尚未达到显著性差异。结论:RVSP较RVAP有利于CAVB患者心功能的保护。