腹腔镜胆总管切开取石治疗胆总管结石的疗效观察

目前腹腔镜胆囊切除术（laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC）已经成为治疗胆囊炎、胆囊结石的金标准。胆总管结石在我国的发病率较高，占全国胆结石患者的5％～29％，平均18％。我院在成熟开展LC的基础上于2005年9月开展腹腔镜胆总管切开探查取石术（laparoscopic video choledochoibersc opichepatocholangiolitbotomy T—tubedrainage，LCHTD），就其手术经验及疗效分析报道如下。     

二孔法腹腔镜胆总管切开探查治疗胆总管结石

目的探讨二孔法腹腔镜胆总管切开探查治疗胆总管结石的效果。方法对25例胆囊炎症状轻、胆总管周围无粘连显露佳的胆总管结石患者行二孔法腹腔镜胆总管切开探查治疗,并予一期缝合,观察患者的手术和随访情况。结果 2例患者术后出现胆漏,分别经腹腔引流3 d和4 d治愈。21例患者获得随访,术后1年内均无结石复发,无胆管狭窄及胆管炎发作。结论在合理掌握适应证的情况下,二孔法腹腔镜胆总管切开探查、胆总管一期缝合治疗胆总管结石可取得较好的疗效。     

腹腔镜下胆总管切开探查在胆管结石中的应用

目的 :总结腹腔镜下胆总管切开探查取石术的临床应用经验 ,探讨其手术方法 ,术中注意事项及临床应用的优缺点。方法 :腹腔镜下胆总管切开取石 ,T管引流或一期缝合。结果 :2 3例胆总管结石手术2 1例成功 ,2例中转开腹。结论 :腹腔镜下胆总管切开取石术应掌握适应证 ,才能使创伤减小 ,康复快且安全。     

Primary closure of the common bile duct in open laparotomy for common bile duct stones

It is common these days to treat common bile duct (CBD) stones using endoscopic techniques. However, severe complications sometimes lead to death despite the great benefit of these techniques. If the patient has many and/or large stones, it can take considerable time for duct clearance, and this is associated with high costs. Therefore, we do not hesitate to choose surgical procedures when necessary. In this study, our aim was to evaluate the usefulness of primary closure of the CBD in open laparotomy for CBD stones. Thirty-four patients with CBD stones were operated on by open laparotomy; primary closure was done in 17 patients (group PC), and T-tube insertion was done in 17 (group TT). We compared the patients' medical records, clinical features, laboratory data, complications, and postoperative hospital admission days. There were no significant intergroup differences in patients' medical records, clinical features, or laboratory data, except for the number of CBD stones. There were no differences in complications. All complications were minor and needed no extra care. The number of postoperative hospital admission days showed a significant difference: 18.3 days in group PC and 31.5 in group TT. There are so many methods to treat CBD stones now that the selection of the procedure can be important for the patient's benefit. We prefer primary closure, to get better quality of life postoperatively and to avoid further operations and any severe complications.     

腹腔镜下经胆囊管胆总管探查术与胆总管探查并一期缝合术治疗胆总管结石的对比研究

目的:比较腹腔镜下经胆囊管胆总管探查术(LTCBDE)与经胆总管探查(LCBDE)+胆道一期缝合术治疗胆总管结石的效果。方法:回顾性分析2013年1月—2015年12月期间应用微创手术治疗的104例胆总管结石的患者临床资料,其中50例行LTCBDE(LTCBDE组)与54例行LCBDE+胆道一期缝合术(LCBDE+一期缝合组),比较两组的相关临床指标。结果:与LCBDE+一期缝合组比较,LTCBDE组手术时间(91.7 min vs.110.9 min)、术中出血量(15.5 mL vs.17.4 mL)、术后引流量(28.4 mL vs.44.6 mL)、带管时间(7.8 d vs.9.7 d)、住院时间(8.8d vs.10.6d)均明显减少(均P0.05);LTCBDE组术后胆汁漏的发生率明显低于LCBDE+一期缝合组(2.0%vs.13.0%,P=0.036),其他并发症的发生率两组无统计学差异(均P0.05)。结论:LTCBDE治疗胆总管结石安全可靠的,且较LCBDE+胆道一期缝合术更符合微创的目的,在两种术式的适应证均满足的情况下,可优先考虑。     

Laparoscopic transcystic duct common bile duct exploration

The modern era of common bile duct (CBD) surgery started with Mirizzi, who introduced intraoperative cholangiography in 1932. Intraoperative choledoscopy had been developed as an adjunctive to intraoperative cholangiography, which helped to detect CBD stones in an additional 10% to 15% of instances that otherwise would have been missed. Findings have shown choledochoscopy to be an important technique for efficient and effective management of CBD stones. Efforts to treat patients with common duct stones in one session and to avoid the potential complications of endoscopic sphincterotomy resulted in several laparoscopic transcystic CBD (LTCBDE) techniques. The techniques of transcystic stone extraction include lavage, trolling with wire baskets or biliary balloon catheters, cystic duct dilation, biliary endoscopy, and stone retrieval with wire baskets under direct vision and antegrade sphincterotomy, lithotripsy, and catheter techniques. The indications for LTCBDE are filling or equivocal defects at cholangiography, stones smaller than 10 mm, fewer than 9 stones, and possible tumor. The contraindications are stones larger than 1 cm, stones proximal to the cystic duct entrance into the CBD, small friable cystic duct, and 10 or more stones. Experience with LTCBDE shows that the approach is applicable in more than 85% of cases, with a success rate of 85% to 95%. It also is shown to be more cost effective than postoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Recent developments in LTCBDE have focused mainly on implementation of robotically assisted surgery and new imaging methods such as magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography with three-dimensional virtual cholangioscopy and three-dimensional ultrasound. Further technological advances will facilitate the application of laparoscopic approaches to the common duct, which should become the primary strategy for the great majority of patients.     

腹腔镜下经胆囊管胆总管汇合处切开治疗胆总管结石

目的探讨腹腔镜经胆囊管胆总管汇合处切开治疗胆总管并发结石的可行性。方法对187例患者,术中应用CB30L超细胆道镜确诊183例,胆道造影确诊4例,均再经胆囊管胆总管汇合处切开胆总管侧壁,应用P20胆道镜实施胆管探查取石术。结果经汇合处切开胆总管侧壁成功取出结石179例（95.7%）,改行切开胆总管前壁取石8例（4.3%）。一期直接缝合85例,其中胆漏11例,均一周内愈合。放置胆囊管导管74例,胆漏6例,3-5d停止。放置T形管20例,胆漏2例,3d停止。改行前壁取石的患者成功5例,中转开腹3例。术后残留结石3例,经内镜十二指肠乳头括约肌切开取石2例,经T形管窦道取石1例。随访185例患者,时间3个月-3年,未见胆管狭窄。结论采用经胆囊管胆总管汇合处切开入路治疗胆总管并发结石,创伤小,恢复快。