上海某医院产妇乳汁中六溴环十二烷水平及新生儿经母乳日摄入量的监测分析

Objective To explore the level of hexabromocyclododecane(HBCD)in human breast milk of delivery women in a Shanghai hospital.and estimate the daily intake of newborns from breast milk.Methods Forty-eight delivery women in a Shanghai suburb hospital(Class A,Grade 3)were surveyed by questionnaires.and their breast milk samples were collected from September 2006 to April 2007.All the delivery women were singleton pregnancies,excluding high blood pressure,diabetes,HIV infection and adverse medical history.Three diastereoisomers(α-HBCD,β-HBCD,γ-HBCD)were measured by the liquid chromatography-electrospmy ion source-tandem mass spectrometry.and then esitmated the daily intake of the newborns from the breast milk.Results The total HBCD concentration of breast milk,which was detected in 79%(38/48)of samples,ranged from 0.11 ng/g lipid weight(1w)to 37.75 ng/g 1w,with the median at 1.42 ng/g 1w.The most abundant diastereoisomer was α-HBCD which detected in 77%(37/48)of samples,with a median of 1.24,g/g 1w;followed by γ-HBCD and β-HBCD,detected in 13%(6/48)and 17%(8/48)of samples respectively,whose median were both under the limit of detection (LOD).The daily intake of the newborns from the breast milk ranged from 0.71 ng/kg to 243.46 ng/kg.Conclusion The concentrations of HBCD in breast milk of delivery women in a Shanghai hospital have been in a high level.and the influence on newborns'health need to be further studied.     

上海某医院产妇乳汁中六溴环十二烷水平及新生儿经母乳日摄入量的监测分析

Objective To explore the level of hexabromocyclododecane(HBCD)in human breast milk of delivery women in a Shanghai hospital.and estimate the daily intake of newborns from breast milk.Methods Forty-eight delivery women in a Shanghai suburb hospital(Class A,Grade 3)were surveyed by questionnaires.and their breast milk samples were collected from September 2006 to April 2007.All the delivery women were singleton pregnancies,excluding high blood pressure,diabetes,HIV infection and adverse medical history.Three diastereoisomers(α-HBCD,β-HBCD,γ-HBCD)were measured by the liquid chromatography-electrospmy ion source-tandem mass spectrometry.and then esitmated the daily intake of the newborns from the breast milk.Results The total HBCD concentration of breast milk,which was detected in 79%(38/48)of samples,ranged from 0.11 ng/g lipid weight(1w)to 37.75 ng/g 1w,with the median at 1.42 ng/g 1w.The most abundant diastereoisomer was α-HBCD which detected in 77%(37/48)of samples,with a median of 1.24,g/g 1w;followed by γ-HBCD and β-HBCD,detected in 13%(6/48)and 17%(8/48)of samples respectively,whose median were both under the limit of detection (LOD).The daily intake of the newborns from the breast milk ranged from 0.71 ng/kg to 243.46 ng/kg.Conclusion The concentrations of HBCD in breast milk of delivery women in a Shanghai hospital have been in a high level.and the influence on newborns'health need to be further studied.     

饮食、C反应蛋白与2型糖尿病颈动脉内膜厚度的关系

Objective To compare the characteristics of food and nutrition intake in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with or without carotid atherosclerosis and analyze the relationship between diets/C-reactive protein (CRP) and carotid intima-media thickness (C-IMT). Methods Sixty patients with T2DM were enrolled and divided into two groups based on C-IMT: group A (C-IMT ＜ 1 mm, n=30) and group B (C-IMT≥1 mm, n=30). All subjects were investigated with questionnaires including 3-day food recall They all took somatometric measurement. Blood and urine samples were collected in all subjects to examine the levels of high sensitive-CRP,C-peptide, blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, blood lipid, renal function, urine microalbumin, and other indicators. Results The intakes of vegetables, fruits, and aquatic products were significantly higher in group A than in group B ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). The intake of vitamin C in group A was significantly higher than that in group B ( P ＜0. 05 ). The levels of CRP in group B was significant higher than that in group A (P = 0. 000). Positive correlation was found between CRP level and C-IMT in T2DM patients ( r = 0. 36, P = 0. 004). Furthermore, CRP was negatively correlated with the intakes of vegetables and fruits ( r = - 0. 334, P = 0. 01 ), aquatic products ( r = -0. 315, P = 0. 016), and vitamin C ( r = - 0. 2786, P = 0. 038 ), respectively. The intake of fruits was negatively correlated with C-IMT (r, = -0. 33, P = 0. 01 ). Conclusions T2DM patients without carotid atherosclerosis intake more vegetables, fruits, aquatic products and vitamin C than those with atherosclerosis. Vegetables, fruits,sea foods and vitamin C may be the protective factors against atherosclerosis in T2DM patients. CRP is associated with the development of atherosclerosis in T2DM patients.     

The Calcium Intake and Related Factors in Elderly

63 retired workers in Huanggu distract of Shenyang were investigated for calcium intake by foud weighing methed and questionaire.The results whowed that the calcium intakes were (476±156) mg in old male and (393±161) mg in old female and they were 59% and 49% of RDA respectively.This indicated that the calcium intakes of these subjects were low.The factor that influence calcium intake is the ingestion freguencies of milk(P＜0.01).The calcium intake were related with body weight,energy and protein intake indicating that people who have big size ate more food and consequently more calcium;people who ate well had high calcium intake.     

染铅小鼠海马不饱和脂肪酸含量研究

Objective To study possible impairment mechanisms of learning and memory abilities from unsaturated fatty acids in hippocampus of mice exposed to lead.Methods Forty-eight healthy mice were divided into 4 groups:low dose(0.625 g/L),middle dose(1.250 g/L) and high dose(2.500 g/L) of lead solution in diet and control group (distilled water).The mice in treatment groups were fed with lead solution every day while the mice in control group were fed with distilled water for 50 days.After learning and memory abilities were measured,the mice were killed and contents of oleic acid (C 18:1),linoleic acid (C 18:2),linolenic acid (C18:3),arachidonic acid (AA,C20:4),eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA,C20:5) and docosabexaenoie acid (DHA,C22:6) in hippocampus of mice were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).Results (1) In the four training days,the mice treated with lead in the middle dose group and high dose group significantly increased the escape latencies compared with the mice treated with distilled water (P＜0.05) ,and on the 4th day,the low dosage mice' s escape latencies were delayed (P＜O.05).The escape latencies of the I st,2nd,3rd and 4th day had significantly positive linear relation with lead dose.Their relative coefficient in turn is r=0.973,0.985,0.929 and 0.936,indicating that lead harmed spatial memory of mice in Morris water maze (MWM).(2)The contents of C18:2 and AA were obviously enhanced in hippocampus of middle and high dosage (P＜0.05);while there was evident decrease in the contents of C 18:3,EPA and DHA (P＜0.05);the content of C 18:1 was decreased significantly in high dosage group (P＜0.01).The mice's escape latencies had significantly negative linear relation with contents of C 18:1,C 18:3,EPA and DHA,while there was positive linear relation significantly with contents of C18:2 and AA.Their relative coefficient in turn was r=-0.901,-0.914,-0.893,-0.855,0.936,0.727.Conclusion Lead interferes with the metabolism of hippocampus fatty acids and affects membrane function in hippocampus of mice,which might contribute to change of the synthesis,metabolism and release of central neurotransmitter and decrease of the learning and memory abilities.     

染铅小鼠海马不饱和脂肪酸含量研究

Objective To study possible impairment mechanisms of learning and memory abilities from unsaturated fatty acids in hippocampus of mice exposed to lead.Methods Forty-eight healthy mice were divided into 4 groups:low dose(0.625 g/L),middle dose(1.250 g/L) and high dose(2.500 g/L) of lead solution in diet and control group (distilled water).The mice in treatment groups were fed with lead solution every day while the mice in control group were fed with distilled water for 50 days.After learning and memory abilities were measured,the mice were killed and contents of oleic acid (C 18:1),linoleic acid (C 18:2),linolenic acid (C18:3),arachidonic acid (AA,C20:4),eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA,C20:5) and docosabexaenoie acid (DHA,C22:6) in hippocampus of mice were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).Results (1) In the four training days,the mice treated with lead in the middle dose group and high dose group significantly increased the escape latencies compared with the mice treated with distilled water (P＜0.05) ,and on the 4th day,the low dosage mice' s escape latencies were delayed (P＜O.05).The escape latencies of the I st,2nd,3rd and 4th day had significantly positive linear relation with lead dose.Their relative coefficient in turn is r=0.973,0.985,0.929 and 0.936,indicating that lead harmed spatial memory of mice in Morris water maze (MWM).(2)The contents of C18:2 and AA were obviously enhanced in hippocampus of middle and high dosage (P＜0.05);while there was evident decrease in the contents of C 18:3,EPA and DHA (P＜0.05);the content of C 18:1 was decreased significantly in high dosage group (P＜0.01).The mice's escape latencies had significantly negative linear relation with contents of C 18:1,C 18:3,EPA and DHA,while there was positive linear relation significantly with contents of C18:2 and AA.Their relative coefficient in turn was r=-0.901,-0.914,-0.893,-0.855,0.936,0.727.Conclusion Lead interferes with the metabolism of hippocampus fatty acids and affects membrane function in hippocampus of mice,which might contribute to change of the synthesis,metabolism and release of central neurotransmitter and decrease of the learning and memory abilities.     

染铅小鼠海马不饱和脂肪酸含量研究

Objective To study possible impairment mechanisms of learning and memory abilities from unsaturated fatty acids in hippocampus of mice exposed to lead.Methods Forty-eight healthy mice were divided into 4 groups:low dose(0.625 g/L),middle dose(1.250 g/L) and high dose(2.500 g/L) of lead solution in diet and control group (distilled water).The mice in treatment groups were fed with lead solution every day while the mice in control group were fed with distilled water for 50 days.After learning and memory abilities were measured,the mice were killed and contents of oleic acid (C 18:1),linoleic acid (C 18:2),linolenic acid (C18:3),arachidonic acid (AA,C20:4),eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA,C20:5) and docosabexaenoie acid (DHA,C22:6) in hippocampus of mice were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).Results (1) In the four training days,the mice treated with lead in the middle dose group and high dose group significantly increased the escape latencies compared with the mice treated with distilled water (P＜0.05) ,and on the 4th day,the low dosage mice' s escape latencies were delayed (P＜O.05).The escape latencies of the I st,2nd,3rd and 4th day had significantly positive linear relation with lead dose.Their relative coefficient in turn is r=0.973,0.985,0.929 and 0.936,indicating that lead harmed spatial memory of mice in Morris water maze (MWM).(2)The contents of C18:2 and AA were obviously enhanced in hippocampus of middle and high dosage (P＜0.05);while there was evident decrease in the contents of C 18:3,EPA and DHA (P＜0.05);the content of C 18:1 was decreased significantly in high dosage group (P＜0.01).The mice's escape latencies had significantly negative linear relation with contents of C 18:1,C 18:3,EPA and DHA,while there was positive linear relation significantly with contents of C18:2 and AA.Their relative coefficient in turn was r=-0.901,-0.914,-0.893,-0.855,0.936,0.727.Conclusion Lead interferes with the metabolism of hippocampus fatty acids and affects membrane function in hippocampus of mice,which might contribute to change of the synthesis,metabolism and release of central neurotransmitter and decrease of the learning and memory abilities.     

染铅小鼠海马不饱和脂肪酸含量研究

Objective To study possible impairment mechanisms of learning and memory abilities from unsaturated fatty acids in hippocampus of mice exposed to lead.Methods Forty-eight healthy mice were divided into 4 groups:low dose(0.625 g/L),middle dose(1.250 g/L) and high dose(2.500 g/L) of lead solution in diet and control group (distilled water).The mice in treatment groups were fed with lead solution every day while the mice in control group were fed with distilled water for 50 days.After learning and memory abilities were measured,the mice were killed and contents of oleic acid (C 18:1),linoleic acid (C 18:2),linolenic acid (C18:3),arachidonic acid (AA,C20:4),eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA,C20:5) and docosabexaenoie acid (DHA,C22:6) in hippocampus of mice were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).Results (1) In the four training days,the mice treated with lead in the middle dose group and high dose group significantly increased the escape latencies compared with the mice treated with distilled water (P＜0.05) ,and on the 4th day,the low dosage mice' s escape latencies were delayed (P＜O.05).The escape latencies of the I st,2nd,3rd and 4th day had significantly positive linear relation with lead dose.Their relative coefficient in turn is r=0.973,0.985,0.929 and 0.936,indicating that lead harmed spatial memory of mice in Morris water maze (MWM).(2)The contents of C18:2 and AA were obviously enhanced in hippocampus of middle and high dosage (P＜0.05);while there was evident decrease in the contents of C 18:3,EPA and DHA (P＜0.05);the content of C 18:1 was decreased significantly in high dosage group (P＜0.01).The mice's escape latencies had significantly negative linear relation with contents of C 18:1,C 18:3,EPA and DHA,while there was positive linear relation significantly with contents of C18:2 and AA.Their relative coefficient in turn was r=-0.901,-0.914,-0.893,-0.855,0.936,0.727.Conclusion Lead interferes with the metabolism of hippocampus fatty acids and affects membrane function in hippocampus of mice,which might contribute to change of the synthesis,metabolism and release of central neurotransmitter and decrease of the learning and memory abilities.     

染铅小鼠海马不饱和脂肪酸含量研究

Objective To study possible impairment mechanisms of learning and memory abilities from unsaturated fatty acids in hippocampus of mice exposed to lead.Methods Forty-eight healthy mice were divided into 4 groups:low dose(0.625 g/L),middle dose(1.250 g/L) and high dose(2.500 g/L) of lead solution in diet and control group (distilled water).The mice in treatment groups were fed with lead solution every day while the mice in control group were fed with distilled water for 50 days.After learning and memory abilities were measured,the mice were killed and contents of oleic acid (C 18:1),linoleic acid (C 18:2),linolenic acid (C18:3),arachidonic acid (AA,C20:4),eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA,C20:5) and docosabexaenoie acid (DHA,C22:6) in hippocampus of mice were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).Results (1) In the four training days,the mice treated with lead in the middle dose group and high dose group significantly increased the escape latencies compared with the mice treated with distilled water (P＜0.05) ,and on the 4th day,the low dosage mice' s escape latencies were delayed (P＜O.05).The escape latencies of the I st,2nd,3rd and 4th day had significantly positive linear relation with lead dose.Their relative coefficient in turn is r=0.973,0.985,0.929 and 0.936,indicating that lead harmed spatial memory of mice in Morris water maze (MWM).(2)The contents of C18:2 and AA were obviously enhanced in hippocampus of middle and high dosage (P＜0.05);while there was evident decrease in the contents of C 18:3,EPA and DHA (P＜0.05);the content of C 18:1 was decreased significantly in high dosage group (P＜0.01).The mice's escape latencies had significantly negative linear relation with contents of C 18:1,C 18:3,EPA and DHA,while there was positive linear relation significantly with contents of C18:2 and AA.Their relative coefficient in turn was r=-0.901,-0.914,-0.893,-0.855,0.936,0.727.Conclusion Lead interferes with the metabolism of hippocampus fatty acids and affects membrane function in hippocampus of mice,which might contribute to change of the synthesis,metabolism and release of central neurotransmitter and decrease of the learning and memory abilities.     

染铅小鼠海马不饱和脂肪酸含量研究

Objective To study possible impairment mechanisms of learning and memory abilities from unsaturated fatty acids in hippocampus of mice exposed to lead.Methods Forty-eight healthy mice were divided into 4 groups:low dose(0.625 g/L),middle dose(1.250 g/L) and high dose(2.500 g/L) of lead solution in diet and control group (distilled water).The mice in treatment groups were fed with lead solution every day while the mice in control group were fed with distilled water for 50 days.After learning and memory abilities were measured,the mice were killed and contents of oleic acid (C 18:1),linoleic acid (C 18:2),linolenic acid (C18:3),arachidonic acid (AA,C20:4),eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA,C20:5) and docosabexaenoie acid (DHA,C22:6) in hippocampus of mice were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).Results (1) In the four training days,the mice treated with lead in the middle dose group and high dose group significantly increased the escape latencies compared with the mice treated with distilled water (P＜0.05) ,and on the 4th day,the low dosage mice' s escape latencies were delayed (P＜O.05).The escape latencies of the I st,2nd,3rd and 4th day had significantly positive linear relation with lead dose.Their relative coefficient in turn is r=0.973,0.985,0.929 and 0.936,indicating that lead harmed spatial memory of mice in Morris water maze (MWM).(2)The contents of C18:2 and AA were obviously enhanced in hippocampus of middle and high dosage (P＜0.05);while there was evident decrease in the contents of C 18:3,EPA and DHA (P＜0.05);the content of C 18:1 was decreased significantly in high dosage group (P＜0.01).The mice's escape latencies had significantly negative linear relation with contents of C 18:1,C 18:3,EPA and DHA,while there was positive linear relation significantly with contents of C18:2 and AA.Their relative coefficient in turn was r=-0.901,-0.914,-0.893,-0.855,0.936,0.727.Conclusion Lead interferes with the metabolism of hippocampus fatty acids and affects membrane function in hippocampus of mice,which might contribute to change of the synthesis,metabolism and release of central neurotransmitter and decrease of the learning and memory abilities.     

兰坪矿区水体重金属污染调查

目的调查兰坪矿区水体中铅、锌、镉、铜和锰5种重金属元素的含量,以了解矿产开发对水体的污染。方法在矿区采集有代表性的水样,密封后带回实验室,采用原子吸收分光光度法测定样本中5种元素的含量,以国家水体环境质量标准中元素的最大限值为比较标准,分析水体中重金属的超标状况。结果水样中铅、锌、镉、铜和锰5种元素的超标率分别为97.67%、3.33%、65.12%、0%和4.56%;平均污染指数分别为21.94、0.30、35.74、0.05和1.53。结论兰坪矿区环境水体中存在普遍和严重的铅和镉污染,部分矿区水样有锌和锰污染,水样中未检出铜污染样品。     

中国南方某镉污染区人群膳食镉摄入调查

目的了解南方某镉污染区膳食累积镉摄入水平。方法采集污染区粮食、蔬菜、肉禽蛋三类样品进行镉含量的检测,同时进行人群膳食调查。结果共采集54户140份样品,其中,粮食类的大米镉含量超限量率为71.69%,蔬菜由于种类不同超限量率各不相同,肉禽蛋类未超限量;膳食调查显示被调查地区膳食主要为大米,米镉是膳食摄入镉的主要来源,不同年龄段人群米镉的摄入量不同,人群中每人平均一生摄镉总量≥4g。结论被调查地区应防止镉通过农作物—人食物链危害居民健康。     

2005-2006年清远市食品中铅镉含量调查

目的了解清远市食品中铅、镉污染的情况。方法对清远市2005—2006年食品污染物监测结果进行统计分析。结果各类食品中铅的平均值范围是0．021～0．74mg／kg。合格率为88．6％。其中1份大米、5份蔬菜、1份花生、2份家禽肉类和4份豆类铅超标。各类食品中镉的平均值范围是0．003～O．34mg／kg。合格率为97．5％。其中2份大米和2份蔬菜镉超标。结论清远市主要的食品中铅、镉污染情况仍存在,今后应加强监督管理。     

佛山市南海区本土种植蔬菜重金属污染现状及对人体健康的风险分析

目的测定佛山市南海区本土土壤、灌溉水和蔬菜重金属含量水平，对经蔬菜途径摄入重金属暴露接触人体的健康风险进行评估。方法2009年7月至2010年9月在佛山市南海区8个镇（街）内分别按照东南西北中的地理位置进行布点，共设调查点40个，每个调查点分别对土壤、灌溉水及蔬菜进行随机抽样。分析蔬菜样品的铅、镉、总汞、铬、无机砷含量水平以及种植地土壤样品和灌溉水样品的铅、铜、镉、锌、总汞、铬、总砷含量水平，并用单因子污染评价指数、尼梅罗污染指教评价蔬菜中重金属污染程度，用靶标危害系数（THQ）评估人体通过食物摄入重金属的风险。结果共采集本土种植的叶菜类、根茎类、瓜豆类共47种品种241份样品，本土种植的蔬菜超标率为46．47％（112／241），其中总汞、铅、镉、无机砷、铬超标率分别为36．93％（89／241）、8．30％（20／241）、5．81％（14／241）、3．730k（9／241）、O．41％（1／241）。从重金属羊因子污染评价指数分级来看，总汞的超标情况最严重，重污染占21．16％（51／241）；从尼梅罗污染指数来看，叶菜类、根茎类、瓜豆类总汞含量均为重污染，综合指数分别为19．17、14．53、15．62。居民经食用本土种植蔬菜日均铅、镉、总汞、铬、无机砷摄入量（DI值）均未超过FAO／WHO每日允许量（ADI值），但叶菜中总汞、铅、镉分别占ADI值的17．26％、12．95％、22．41％。THQ结果显示蔬菜中5种重金属的THQ均〈1，但叶菜类铅、镉的THQ值也达0．541、0．575；3类蔬菜中无机砷的THQ值分别为0．751、0．902、0．563。采集土壤241份样品，存在1种以上重金属超标84份，超标率34．85％（84／241）。镉超标率最高为29．05％（70／241），且最高超出限量标准的17倍，其次为总汞7．47％（18／241）。采集灌溉水样品40份，重金属超标5份，超标率12．50％，均为总汞超标。结论南海区蔬菜中重金属污染对人体健康存在潜在风险，控制饮用水源和灌溉水及土壤汞污染是降低本土蔬菜汞含量的有效途径。     

某冶炼厂环境铅污染及其对人群健康影响的研究

目的　比较某冶炼厂 15年前后环境铅污染影响的变化 ,并为评价该厂扩建投产后污染变化提供依据。方法　选取 1980～ 1982年曾调查的污染区和对照区 ,于 1995～ 1997年再次调查两区稻米、蔬菜、饮水铅含量以及 7～ 14岁学龄儿童 (污染区 10 4名 ,对照区 6 8名 )的血铅及 δ- AL AD酶活力 ,并做比较分析。结果　米铅 (干重 )、菜铅 (湿重 )、学生血铅和 δ- AL AD酶活力的几何均值 :污染区分别为 2 6 .7± 1.6 5 mg/ kg、6 0 .4± 2 .6 7mg/ kg,2 0 6± 1.7μg/ L和 98± 1.3IU/ L;对照区分别为 13.2± 1.85 mg/ kg、44 .9± 2 .84mg/ kg、2 2 9± 1.3μg/ L和 2 2 5± 1.4IU/ L。污染区米铅显著上升而δ- AL AD酶活力显著性下降 (P<0 .0 1) ,污染区 2 2人 (占 2 1.2 % )血铅水平超过对照区最高值 (312 .9μg/ L) ,其中 8人高达 45 0～ 76 2 μg/ L;与 1980～ 1982年相比 ,污染区的稻米和蔬菜铅含量显著增加 (P<0 .0 1)。结论　该冶炼厂对污染区的铅污染有逐渐加重的趋势     

2011～2012年大连市食品中镉、汞含量调查

目的调查市售主要食品中镉、汞污染状况,为制订干预措施提供依据。方法采集市售大米、蔬菜、畜肉、4类海产品等共309份样品,用国标法检测镉、汞。结果镉的检出率较高（58.45%）,大米、蔬菜、畜肉均有检出,且中位数较高,有的大米样品达到标准限值的4倍;超标率只有海蟹较高（36.36%）,干海参的中位数最高。汞的总超标率高达15.56%,海鱼的中位数最高,有的畜肉样品超过标准限值的140倍。结论需要重点关注的是海蟹、干海参的镉污染,海鱼的汞污染。个别品种畜肉的汞、大米的镉污染超标严重。     

兰坪矿区土壤中重金属污染状况调查

目的通过检测兰坪矿区土壤中铅、锌、镉、铜和锰5种重金属元素含量,了解矿产的开发对环境造成的污染状况。方法按照相应的采样要求在矿区周围3km内采集有代表性的土壤样品,采用酸消解法对样品进行消化处理,再用原子吸收分光光度法测定样品中的Pb、Zn、Cd、Cu、Mn元素的含量。分析土壤中重金属含量的超标状况。嬉果土壤中铅、锌、镉、铜和锰5种元素的超标率分别为23．08％、14．8l％、89．74％、0％和43．59％;平均污染指数分别为1．07、0．82、18．51、0．03和0．84。结论土壤中普遍存在严重的镉污染,部分矿区有铅、锌和锰污染,Cu含量正常。     

江西省蔬菜中重金属污染状况调查及评价

目的 了解江西省市售蔬菜中重金属的污染状况,评估经蔬菜途径摄入重金属的健康风险。方法 2012-2017年在全省范围内采集9类蔬菜共1533份,检测其铅、镉、砷、汞含量,采用单项污染指数及综合污染指数评价不同蔬菜中各重金属的污染状况,并对其健康风险进行评估。结果 9类蔬菜铅、镉、砷和汞的超标率分别为2.22%、1.40%、0.35%和0.91%,平均含量分别为0.046、0.022、0.042和0.0015 mg/kg;叶菜类铅、镉和汞的平均值和P95值最高,其中小白菜/青菜污染较为严重。9类蔬菜的单项和综合污染指数均处于安全、清洁水平;居民日常经蔬菜摄入各重金属的健康风险处于可接受水平。结论 江西省市售蔬菜总体上受重金属污染程度较轻,但部分蔬菜受铅和镉污染相对突出,应继续加强监测和控制。     

2002-2008年北京市顺义区农作物铅污染监测与危害分析

目的掌握北京市顺义区农作物铅污染的现状。方法2002—2008年在全区范围内抽检各类农作物包括粮食、蔬菜、水果,进行金属铅的污染监测工作。结果获得监测数据404个,对照相关指标,农作物总体合格率为96.78%,其中豆类合格率最低为77.78%。铅对鲜食用菌和菜的污染较为严重,而蔬菜和水果中铅的蓄积情况好于粮食。结论顺义区农作物尤其是粮食作物的铅污染问题应该引起重视。     

用中国居民平衡膳食宝塔评价广西居民膳食模式

目的评价广西居民膳食模式,为制订膳食模式改善策略提供科学依据。方法用多阶整群随机抽样法抽取4城区、4农村县,4268户、17104人。用称重法获调味品量,3d24h回顾法获个人食物量,用中国居民平衡膳食宝塔评价广西居民膳食模式。结果广西居民谷类、蔬菜、水果、鱼虾、蛋类、奶类、豆类摄入不足,盐、畜禽肉、油脂摄入过量。畜禽肉、鱼虾、奶类、蔬菜、水果、蛋类、油脂摄入量是省会城市>一般城市>二类农村>四类农村,表现出与经济发展水平呈正比关系。畜禽肉、鱼虾、奶类、蛋类、水果摄入量是高收入组>中收入组>低收入组,表现出与经济收入呈正比关系。蛋、奶、豆类、水果摄入逐年递增和食盐摄入逐年下降,向合理膳食模式靠近。畜禽肉、油脂摄入逐年递增和谷类、蔬菜、鱼虾摄入逐年下降,背离合理膳食模式要求。城市摄入动物性食品总量有放缓趋势,而农村有加速趋势,与经济水平发展进程有关。广西居民营养有明显的由低脂膳食向高脂膳食转变趋势。结论广西已进入居民膳食模式的迅速变迁期,已到了膳食模式干预的关键阶段。