日最高气温与医院心脑血管疾病急诊人次关系的病例交叉研究

目的 探讨北京市某区日最高气温与某医院心脑血管疾病急诊人次(ICD10:100～199)的关系,研究日最高气温对心脑血管疾病的影响.方法 收集2004-2006年北京市海淀区某三级甲等医院急诊科心脑血管疾病资料及相关的气象资料和大气污染物资料,采用季节分层的病例交叉设计分析不同季节日最高气温变化对心脑血管疾病的影响.结果 多气象因素模型结果显示,春、夏季日最高气温每升高1℃,心脑血管疾病急诊人次分别增加17.3%(OR=1.173,95%CI:1.149～1.197)和4.2%(OR:1.042,95%CI:1.011～1.074);而秋季13最高气温每升高1℃,心脑血管疾病急诊人次反而下降25%(OR:0.750,95%CI:0.727～0.773),关联有统计学意义(P<0.05);冬季日最高气温每升高1℃,心脑血管疾病急诊人次下降2.1%(OR=0.979,95%CI:0.956-1.004),但关联无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 春、夏季日最高气温升高可以导致心脑血管疾病急诊增加.提示春季和夏季,日最高气温的增加可能是心脑血管疾病发病的一个危险性因素;而秋季和冬季,日最高气温的增加反而作为一种保护性因素,能够减少心脑血管疾病的发生.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the association between the daily maximum temperature and hospital emergency visits for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (ICD-10:100～199) in different seasons in Beijing, China Methods The data of the daily hospital emergency visits for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (ICD-10: 100～199) from a Level-3A hospital in Haidian district in Beijing during 2004-2006 and the corresponding meteorological, air pollution data were collected. The seasonal-stratified case-crossover design and Logistic multiple regression model was used for the data analysis. Results After adjusting the influence of relative humidity, wind speed and atmospheric pressure, for It increase in daily maximum temperature, the corresponding increase in the hospital emergency visits of the diseases was 17.3%(OR=1.173,95%CI: 1.149～1.197) and 4.2% (OR=1.042,95%CI: 1.011～1.074) in spring and summer of the years, respectively (P<0.05); contrarily, those decreased by 25% in autumn(OR =0.750,95% CI: 0.727～0.773); no significant association was seen in winter (P>0.05). Conclusion The increase of daily maximum temperature may be a risk factor for daily hospital emergency visits for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in spring and summer, however, it may be a preventive factor in autumn. The effects of air temperature on health should not be the same in seasons.     

大气污染与呼吸系统疾病日门诊量的时间序列分析

目的 探讨大气污染对医院呼吸系统疾病日门诊量的影响.方法 收集广州市某医院2006年1月1日-2008年12月31日呼吸系统疾病日门诊量的统计资料,结合同时期环境监测和气象资料,采用自回归模型(auto-regressionmodel),在消除了气象、季节等混杂冈素的基础上,分析了广州市研究期问大气污染与呼吸系统疾病日门诊量的关系.结果 呼吸系统疾病日门诊的就诊量具有明显的星期效应(医院周六、周日休息所致),呼吸系统疾病就诊量较大月份与各污染物浓度较高的月份趋于一致.大气中SO_2和NO_2的浓度每增加10μg/m~3居民呼吸系统疾病的日门诊就诊最分别各增加3%(P<0.01).灰霾天气的窄气污染物浓度高于非灰霾天气.结论 广州市大气主要污染物SO_2和NO_2浓度的升高引起居民呼吸系统疾病的日门诊就诊量相应增加.

Abstract：

Objective To know the relationship between air pollutants and daily hospital visits for respiratory diseases in Guangzhou. Methods The data of daily hospital visits for respiratory diseases in a hospital in Guangzhou during 2006 to 2008, along with the daily meteorological factors, air pollutants concentration (NO_2, PM10.FM2.5 and SO_2) were collected. The time series analysis auto-regression model was used, considering the potential confounding factors such as seasonal and meteorological factors. Results Daily hospital visits for respiratory diseases presented a significant week effect, the time of higher daily hospital visits for respiratory diseases was the same of higher concentration of pollutants. When SO_2 and NO_2 increased by 10 μg/m~3, the daily hospital visits increased by 3%(P<0.01). The concentration of pollutants in haze days was higher than that in non-haze days. Conclusion Increase in daily hospital visits for respiratory diseases in Guangzhou can be caused by air pollutant level increasing.     

大气PM10与心血管疾病就诊人次的时间序列分析

目的 研究大气PM10污染对居民心血管系统疾病日就诊人次的影响.方法 采用广义相加Poisson回归模型的时间序列分析,在控制长期趋势、星期几效应、气象因素等混杂因素的影响后,对2002年1月1日-2002年12月31日北京市大气PM10日均浓度与居民心血管系统疾病日就诊人次进行定量回归分析,并考虑滞后效应和其他空气污染物的影响.结果 大气PM10浓度每上升10μg/m~3,当天的心血管系统疾病日就诊人次增加O.380%(95%CI:0.326%～0.433%);滞后4 d PM10的健康效应最强,超额危险度为1.166%(95%CI:1.121%～1.212%);考虑CO、NO_2、SO_2:的影响均使PM10的健康效应估计值增高.结论 北京城区大气PM10污染与居民心血管系统疾病日就诊人次之间存在正相关.

Abstract：

Objective To estimate quantitatively the impact of the ambient PM10 on the hospital outpatients for cardiovascular diseases of local residents. Methods Time serial analysis using generalized addictive model (GAM) was applied. After controlling for those confounding factors such as long-term trend, weekly pattern and meteorological factors, considering lag effect and the influence of other air pollutants, excess relative risks (ER) of daily hospital visits associated with increasing PM10 level were estimated by fitting a Poisson regression model. Results A 10 μ.g/m~3 increase in PM10 levels was associated with an ER of 0.380% (95%CI: 0.326%～0.433%) for hospital visits for cardiovascular diseases. Lag effect of 4 days with an ER of 1.166% (95%C/:1.121%～1.212%) were observed. The ER value increased when CO, NO_2, SO_2 concentrations were introduced. Conclusion The ambient PM10 concentration is positively associated with daily hospital visits for cardiovascular diseases in Beijing.     

上消化道三种恶性肿瘤的危险因素分析

目的 探讨我国食管癌、胃癌高发区目前上消化道3种恶性肿瘤发病的危险因素.方法 选择食管癌高发区河北省磁县、涉县,河南省林县和山东省肥城,胃癌高发区辽宁省庄河,每个地区分别从肿瘤登记数据库中选择发病日期为2009年1月1日以后的新诊断病例,利用随机数字表法选取食管下段癌、贲门癌、其他部位胃癌病例,共收集751例;按照病例与对照1∶3配对选取对照人群2253名.采用课题设计的调查表收集研究对象相关资料,并对相关变量进行单因素及多因素logistic回归分析,估计各危险因素的OR值(95%CI).结果 饮食不规律、经常食用油炸食品、有消化道病史及胃食管反流性疾病史者病例组分别有66、83、369、282例,而对照组分别为90、214、119、432名.单因素分析显示,以上因素可增加上消化道肿瘤发病风险[OR值(95%CI)分别为3.177(2.127～4.745)、3.190(2.061～4.927)、14.660(11.342～18.948)、3.137(2.546～3.864)];而常吃新鲜蔬菜者病例组中有387例,对照组有1278名,此因素可降低上消化道肿瘤发病风险(OR=0.609;95%CI:0.473～0.785).多因素分析显示,消化道病史(OR=21.420;95%CI:15.484～29.632)、饮食不规律(OR=3.097;95%CI:1.740～5.514)、经常食用腌晒食品(OR=3.005;95%CI:1.873～4.819)、胃食管反流性疾病史(OR=2.261;95%CI:1.673～3.057)等是上消化道肿瘤的危险因素;每天食用新鲜蔬菜(OR=0.562;95%CI:0.396～0.800)是上消化道肿瘤的保护因素.结论 不良生活方式和不健康饮食习惯是我国食管癌、胃癌高发区居民上消化道恶性肿瘤的危险因素.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the major risk factors for upper gastrointestinal cancer in high occurrence areas of esophageal and gastric cancer in China. Methods Four high occurrence areas of esophageal cancer, namely Cixian and Shexian from Hebei province, Linxian from Henan province, Feicheng from Shandong province, and Zhuanghe from Liaoning province, which is a high occurrence area of gastric cancer,were selected for the study. The newly-diagnosed cases whose date of onset were after January 1st,2009 were selected from the Cancer Registration Database in each district, and 751 cases diagnosed as cancers in lower segment of esophagus, cardiac and other subsite of stomach were randomly recruited. 2253 matched controls were selected to pair the cases at the ratio of 3: 1. The relative information of the study objects were collected from the face-to-face interviews with trained staff by designed questionnaires, and the data was input by EpiData software. Statistic software SPSS 13.0 was applied to conduct both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis to evaluate odd ratios (OR) and 95% confident interval (CI).Results As univariate analysis shown,66 objects in case group had irregular diet habit; while 90 in control group had ( OR= 3. 177;95% CI: 2. 127 - 4.745). A higher percentage in case group (83 objects)preferred fried food in comparison with only 214 in control group did (OR= 3. 190; 95% CI: 2.061 -4. 927). 369 objects in case group, but only 119 in control group had history of gastrointestinal diseases ( OR = 14. 660; 95% CI: 11. 342 - 18. 948 ). 282 objects in case group had history of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) ,which was much higher than the percentage in control group (432 objects),with OR =3. 137 (95% CI: 2. 546 -3. 864). All the above factors could increase the risk for upper gastrointestinal cancer. 387 objects in case group and 1278 in control group reported they preferred fresh vegetables in daily diet,which was found to be a protective factor ( OR = 0. 609; 95% CI: 0. 473 - 0. 785 ). As multivariate analysis shown, history of gastrointestinal tract diseases ( OR = 21. 420; 95% CI: 15.484 - 29. 632 ),irregular food diet (OR=3.097; 95%CI: 1.740-5.514),pickled food (OR=3.005; 95%CI: 1.873 -4. 819) ,and GERD ( OR = 2. 261; 95% CI: 1. 673 - 3.057 ) were found to be risk factors for upper gastrointestinal cancer; while frequent fresh-vegetable diet was a protective factor (OR = 0. 562; 95% CI:0. 396 -0. 800). Conclusion Irregular lifestyle and unhealthy diet habit could be the major risk factors for upper gastrointestinal cancers among the residents from high occurrence areas of esophageal cancer and gastric cancer in China.     

广州市2006-2009年气温与居民每日死亡人数的时间序列研究

目的 研究2006-2009年广州市气温与居民死亡人数的关系.方法 应用泊松分布的广义相加模型分析时间序列资料,控制时间的长期趋势(季节)、星期几效应、空气污染、其他气象因素等的混杂后,分析广州市日平均气温与每日死亡人数之间的关系.结果 广州市日平均气温与每日总死亡人数呈"U"形.广州市最适宜日平均气温为19.7℃,高于19.7 ℃时,平均气温每升高1 ℃,每日总死亡的风险增加3.0%(RR=1.030,95%CI:1.011～1.050);当日平均气温不超过19.7 ℃时,平均气温每升高1 ℃,每日总死亡的风险减少3.3%(RR=0.967,95%CI:0.936～0.997),循环系统疾病死亡风险减少3.6%(RR=0.964,95%CI:0.935～0.994).结论 广州市日平均气温与居民每日死亡人数有关系,应该采取有效的预防措施减少气温相关死亡的发生.

Abstract：

Objective To study the association between temperature and daily mortality from June 1, 2006 to December 31, 2009 in Guangzhou. Methods Time series approach was used to estimate the impact of temperature on the rates of total and cause-specific daily mortality. We fitted generalized additive Poisson regression using non-parametric smooth functions to control for the long-term time trend, day of week, air pollution and other weather variables. Results A slight sloping U-like relationship between the total mortality and temperature was found, with an optimum average temperature (temperature with lowest mortality risk) value of 19.7 ℃ in Guangzhou. For temperature above the optimum value, the relative risk of total mortality increased by 3.0% (RR=1.030,95%CI: 1.011-1.050) for each increase of degree in Celsius. For average temperature below the optimum value, the relative risk of total mortality and diseases of circulatory system had a 3.3%(RR=0.967,95%CI: 0.936-0.997 ) decrease and a 3.6% ( RR= 0.964,95%CI:0.935-0.994 ) increase,for each degree of Celsius increase, respectively. Conclusion Our findings showed that the temperature had an impact on the daily mortality in Guangzhou. Countermeasures needed to be taken to reduce the temperature related mortality.     

Determinants of emergency contraceptive pill use in Bangladesh: An analysis of national survey data

Objective:To examine the determinants of emergency contraceptive pill use in Bangladesh.Methods:Data for this cross-sectional study came from 2017-2018 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey.Characteristics of 906 reproductive age women who were potential candidates for using emergency contraceptive pill were analysed in this study.Data were analysed using univariate and multivariate analyses.Stepwise binary logistic regression was employed as multivariate analysis.Results:Only 10.9%candidates were found to ever use emergency contraceptive pill.The odds of using emergency contraceptive pill for women visited by family planning field worker was significantly higher than that for those who were not visited by family planning field worker[odds ratio(OR)1.94;95%confidence interval(CI)1.19–3.17;P=0.008],while the odds of using emergency contraceptive pill for women with high socioeconomic status was higher than that for those with low socioeconomic status(OR 3.10;95%CI 1.61–5.97;P=0.001).Additionally,having some media access was linked to an increase in the odds of using emergency contraceptive pill(OR 3.01;95%CI 1.33–6.83;P=0.008).Women empowerment related factors did not show any significant effect on emergency contraceptive pill use.Conclusions:The findings indicate that family planning programme has a great opportunity of playing an important role in increasing emergency contraceptive pill use in Bangladesh by increasing the knowledge and awareness of women about emergency contraceptive pill.     

云南省伤寒副伤寒空间分布特征及其气候影响因素研究

Objective To characterize the spatial distribution of typhoid and paratyphoid fever(TPF)in Yunnan province, China and to determine the effectiveness of meteorological factors on the epidemics of TPE Methods Data of reported TPF cases in Yunnan province(2001 -2007)from the China Information System for Diseases Control and Prevention was applied to GIS-based spatial analyses to detect their spatial distribution and clustering of TPF incidence at the county level.Panel data analysis was used to identify the relationships between the TPF incidence and meteorological factors including monthly average temperature, monthly cumulative precipitation and monthly average relative humidity. Results During the study period, the average incidence of TPF in Yunnan province was 23.11/100 000, with majority of the TPF cases emerged in summer and autumn. Although widely distributed, two TPF clusters were detected in Yunnan province based on the spatial analysis:one area around Yuxi city with the average annual incidence as 207.45/100 000 and another at the junctions of Yunnan province with Burma and Laos. Based on results from panel data analysis, the incidence of TFP was shown to be associated with meteorological factors such as temperature,precipitation, relative humidity and one month lag of temperature increase [10 ℃ increase in the monthly average temperature:IRR=1.30(95%CI: 1.24-1.36);10% increase in monthly average relative humidity:IRR= 1.07(95%CI: 1.05-1.09); 100 mm rise in monthly cumulative precipitation:IRR=1.02(95%CI: 1.00-1.03); and 10 ℃ average temperature increase, the last month: IRR=1.73(95%CI: 1.64-1.82)]. Conclusion Areas with high TPF incidence were detected in this study,which indicated the key areas for TPF control in Yunnan province. Meteorological factors such as temperature, precipitation and humidity played a role in the incidence of TPF.     

云南省伤寒副伤寒空间分布特征及其气候影响因素研究

Objective To characterize the spatial distribution of typhoid and paratyphoid fever(TPF)in Yunnan province, China and to determine the effectiveness of meteorological factors on the epidemics of TPE Methods Data of reported TPF cases in Yunnan province(2001 -2007)from the China Information System for Diseases Control and Prevention was applied to GIS-based spatial analyses to detect their spatial distribution and clustering of TPF incidence at the county level.Panel data analysis was used to identify the relationships between the TPF incidence and meteorological factors including monthly average temperature, monthly cumulative precipitation and monthly average relative humidity. Results During the study period, the average incidence of TPF in Yunnan province was 23.11/100 000, with majority of the TPF cases emerged in summer and autumn. Although widely distributed, two TPF clusters were detected in Yunnan province based on the spatial analysis:one area around Yuxi city with the average annual incidence as 207.45/100 000 and another at the junctions of Yunnan province with Burma and Laos. Based on results from panel data analysis, the incidence of TFP was shown to be associated with meteorological factors such as temperature,precipitation, relative humidity and one month lag of temperature increase [10 ℃ increase in the monthly average temperature:IRR=1.30(95%CI: 1.24-1.36);10% increase in monthly average relative humidity:IRR= 1.07(95%CI: 1.05-1.09); 100 mm rise in monthly cumulative precipitation:IRR=1.02(95%CI: 1.00-1.03); and 10 ℃ average temperature increase, the last month: IRR=1.73(95%CI: 1.64-1.82)]. Conclusion Areas with high TPF incidence were detected in this study,which indicated the key areas for TPF control in Yunnan province. Meteorological factors such as temperature, precipitation and humidity played a role in the incidence of TPF.     

云南省伤寒副伤寒空间分布特征及其气候影响因素研究

目的 分析云南省2001-2007年伤寒副伤寒发病的空间分布特征以及气象因素与伤寒副伤寒流行的关联性.方法 收集2001-2007年云南省以县为单位的伤寒副伤寒发病数据,应用空间聚类、面板数据模型等方法分析伤寒副伤寒的分布特征,以及伤寒副伤寒流行与气温、降水、相对湿度等气象因素的关系.结果 2001-2007年云南省伤寒副伤寒的年均发病率为23.11/10万,病例主要分布于夏秋季.空间聚类分析发现两个伤寒副伤寒的高发聚集区:玉溪地区(7年平均发病率207.45/10万)及该省与缅甸、老挝交界地区.多因素面板数据分析显示,云南省伤寒副伤寒发病增加与气温升高、降水量增多和湿度增加等气候因素相关:月平均气温升高10℃,IRR=1.30(95%CI:1.24～1136);湿度增加10%,IRR=1.07(95%CI:1.05～1.09);月降水量增多100 mm,IRR=1.02(95%CI:1.00～1.03);前1个月的气温升高10℃,IRR=1.73(95%CI:1.64～1.82);P＜0.05.结论 云南省伤寒副伤寒发病存在聚集区,相对湿度等气候因素在流行中发挥了一定的作用.

Abstract：

Objective To characterize the spatial distribution of typhoid and paratyphoid fever(TPF)in Yunnan province, China and to determine the effectiveness of meteorological factors on the epidemics of TPE Methods Data of reported TPF cases in Yunnan province(2001 -2007)from the China Information System for Diseases Control and Prevention was applied to GIS-based spatial analyses to detect their spatial distribution and clustering of TPF incidence at the county level.Panel data analysis was used to identify the relationships between the TPF incidence and meteorological factors including monthly average temperature, monthly cumulative precipitation and monthly average relative humidity. Results During the study period, the average incidence of TPF in Yunnan province was 23.11/100 000, with majority of the TPF cases emerged in summer and autumn. Although widely distributed, two TPF clusters were detected in Yunnan province based on the spatial analysis:one area around Yuxi city with the average annual incidence as 207.45/100 000 and another at the junctions of Yunnan province with Burma and Laos. Based on results from panel data analysis, the incidence of TFP was shown to be associated with meteorological factors such as temperature,precipitation, relative humidity and one month lag of temperature increase [10 ℃ increase in the monthly average temperature:IRR=1.30(95%CI: 1.24-1.36);10% increase in monthly average relative humidity:IRR= 1.07(95%CI: 1.05-1.09); 100 mm rise in monthly cumulative precipitation:IRR=1.02(95%CI: 1.00-1.03); and 10 ℃ average temperature increase, the last month: IRR=1.73(95%CI: 1.64-1.82)]. Conclusion Areas with high TPF incidence were detected in this study,which indicated the key areas for TPF control in Yunnan province. Meteorological factors such as temperature, precipitation and humidity played a role in the incidence of TPF.     

气温变化与心脑血管疾病急诊关系的病例交叉研究

目的 探讨北京市日平均气温与心脑血管疾病急诊(ICD-10:I00～I99)的关系,研究气温变化对心脑血管疾病的影响.方法 收集北京大学第三医院急诊科心脑血管疾病急诊资料、北京市气象资料和北京市大气污染物数据,应用时间分层的病例交叉设计研究方法分析春季(3-5月)、夏季(6-8月)、秋季(9-11月)、冬季(12-2月)日平均气温与心脑血管疾病急诊的关系.结果 在控制二氧化硫(SO2)、二氧化氮(NO2)及大气可吸入颗粒物(PM10)影响的情况下,春季、夏季、秋季、冬季当日平均气温对心脑血管疾病急诊的影响最大,平均气温每升高1℃与心脑血管疾病急诊的OR值分别为1.282(95%CI:1.250 ～1.315)、1.027(95% CI:1.001～1.055)、0.661(95% CI:0.637～0.687)、0.960(95%CI:0.937～0.984),关联有统计学意义(P<0.05).当同时调整相对湿度、风速、大气压强的影响时,春季、夏季、秋季、冬季平均气温与心脑血管疾病急诊的OR值分别为1.423(95%CI:1.377～1.471)、1.082(95%CI:1.041～1.124)、0.633(95%CI:0.607～0.660)、0.971(95%CI:0.944～1.000).关联有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 春季、夏季日平均气温升高可以导致心脑血管疾病急诊人次增加,说明春夏季气温升高对心脑血管疾病患者是危险因素,应注意防暑;秋季、冬季气温升高可以导致心脑血管疾病急诊减少,说明秋冬季气温升高对心脑血管疾病患者是保护性因素,应注意保暖.     

大气可吸入颗粒物与心脑血管疾病急诊关系的病例交叉研究

目的 探讨北京市大气可吸入颗粒物污染(PM10)对心腩血管疾病急诊的影响.方法 收集北京大学第三医院急诊科心脑血管疾病急诊资料和北京市环境监测中心大气污染物数据,应用时间分层的病例交叉设计研究方法进行数据分析.结果 无滞后单向同顾性1:4配对病例交叉研究的效应值(OR值)最大,在控制所选PM10当日气温、相对湿度影响的情况下,PM10浓度每提高10μg/m3与心脑血管疾病急诊(ICD-10:I00-I99)、冠心病急诊(ICD-10:120-125)、心律失常急诊(ICD-10:147-149)、心衰急诊(ICD-10:150)和脑血管疾病急诊(ICD-10:160-169)的OR值分别为1.006(95%CI:1.003～1.008)、1.003(95%CI:0.996～1.010)、1.005(95%CI:0.997～1.013)、1.019(95%CI:1.005～1.033)、1.003(95%CI:0.998～1.007),其中PM10与总心脑血管疾病急诊和心衰急诊的关联有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 大气PM10污染物浓度升高可导致总心脑血管疾病急诊和心衰急诊增加.     

大气污染物与呼吸系统疾病急诊就诊关系的病例交叉研究

目的 分析大气污染急性暴露对呼吸系统疾病急诊人次的影响.方法 收集2004年1月1日至2005年12月31日北京大学第三医院急诊科呼吸系统疾病急诊资料和北京市环境监测中心大气污染物数据,应用时间分层的病例交叉设计研究方法进行数据分析,同时比较单向回顾性对照设计和双向对照设计研究结果的差异.结果 在调整气象因素并采用单向回顾性(多污染物)模型中,无滞后大气可吸入颗粒物(PM10)、二氧化硫(SO2)、滞后2 d二氧化氮(NO2)日平均浓度每增加10 μg/m3,呼吸系统疾病总急诊的OR值(95%CI)分别为1.010(1.005～1.014)、1.010(1.001～1.018)、0.996(0.983～1.009);双向对称性(多污染物)模型中,其相应OR值(95%CI)分别为1.002(0.998～1.005)、1.011(1.003～1.018)、1.012(1.001～1.022).采用不同对照选择方案,病例交叉设计的研究结果有变化.结论 区域内大气污染物暴露对居民呼吸系统疾病急诊人次有急性效应.     

北京市2016—2018年夏季高温对儿童急诊入院的影响

  目的  分析北京市夏季高温对儿童急诊入院的不良影响,为儿童高温健康防护政策的制定提供科学依据。  方法  收集2016—2018年夏季(6—9月)北京市30家医院儿童急诊入院数据及同期逐日气象因素和空气污染物数据。基于Quasi-Possion回归广义线性模型分析北京市夏季日平均温度对儿童因非意外总疾病、心脑血管系统疾病、呼吸系统疾病急诊入院的影响。  结果  2016—2018年夏季,北京市日均温度为(24.06±3.59)℃,日相对湿度为(65.08±17.45)%。暴露当日日平均温度每升高1 ℃,北京市0~14岁儿童因非意外总疾病、呼吸系统疾病急诊入院风险分别增加0.21,0.64倍,尚未观察到高温对于儿童因心脑血管系统疾病急诊入院的影响。高温对于不同年龄组儿童急诊入院影响不一致,其中5~9岁儿童因非意外总疾病急诊入院风险增幅最大,0~4岁儿童易受呼吸系统疾病急诊入院的影响,10~14岁儿童受心脑血管系统疾病急诊入院影响最大。  结论  北京市夏季高温对儿童急诊入院具有显著影响,儿童呼吸系统疾病是夏季高温相关敏感性疾病,相关部门应该给予充分关注。     

气象要素对阑尾炎急诊就诊人数的影响

目的探讨北京市气象要素变化对阑尾炎急诊就诊人数的影响。方法收集2009~2011年北京市4家三级甲等医院阑尾炎患者急诊资料和同期北京市气象、大气污染物资料,分析阑尾炎发病的人群和时间分布及其与主要气象要素的关联性,并采用多元逐步回归方法建立气象条件变化下阑尾炎日急诊就诊人数的回归方程。结果 4家医院3年阑尾炎急诊日平均就诊人数为8例,夏季高发(以7、8月份人数最多);阑尾炎急诊日就诊人数与平均气温、最低气温、最高气温呈正相关,与平均气压、SO_2浓度和NO_2浓度呈负相关。结论气象因素中,气温是影响北京地区阑尾炎急诊就诊人数的主要因素。     

气象要素变化与急诊高血压病就诊相关性分析

目的目的探讨北京市气象要素变化对高血压病急诊就诊人次的影响。方法收集2009年1月1日~2011年12月31日北京市3家三甲医院急诊就诊的高血压病患者数据及同期气象和大气污染数据,采用描述性流行病学方法和SPSS19.0软件分析高血压病急诊人次与气象要素变化的关系。结果北京地区高血压病急诊就诊人次中,男性19 576例,占50.70%;女性19 035例,占49.30%;老年患者(≥60岁)共19 389例,占50.22%。冬季高血压病就诊人数较多,夏季较少;高血压发病人数与气温呈负相关,与气压呈正相关。结论北京地区气温降低、气压升高是高血压病急诊的危险因素之一。     

北京地区三级综合医院感染科运行现状调查与分析

目的 了解北京地区三级综合医院感染科运行现状.方法 对北京地区三级综合医院进行问卷调查.结果 北京地区三级综合医院感染科设置率87.5％,45.8％设有病房.83.3％科主任为感染性疾病专业,91％感染科医师接受培训.感染专科门诊29 895.10人次/年,发热门诊15 173.45人次/年;肠道门诊6 343.43人次/年;平均出院患者711.56人次/年,床位使用率121.62％.院内感染科会诊平均367.95人次/年,院外会诊48人次/年.收治病种以非法定传染病为主,法定传染病/非传染病比例为0.56：1.医院对感染性疾病科支持不足,仅54.5％有专项经费支持,仅10家有传染病补贴;感染科医师（中级）收入占其它科室收入87.4±15.2％.结论 北京地区三级综合医院感染科运行状况良好,但仍有提升空间.     

空气花粉浓度与人群呼吸系统疾病的关联研究

目的研究空气花粉浓度的变化规律及其与人群呼吸系统疾病的相关性。方法收集北京市海淀区2000—2002年4—9月空气花粉浓度、空气总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)浓度、气象因素(日均气温、日最高气温、日最低气温、日均气压、24h降水量、日均相对湿度)和同期5种呼吸系统疾病(变应性鼻炎、哮喘、急性咽炎、急性喉炎、急性气管炎)公费医疗人群门、急诊就医人次,以周为单位绘制各要素的时间趋势图,研究空气花粉浓度和5种呼吸系统疾病门、急诊就医人次随时间变化的趋势。在控制各周平均日TSP浓度及6种气象因素的基础上,分别对3年中花粉浓度的春季高峰期(4月1日—6月16日)和夏秋季高峰期(7月15日—9月30日)内各周平均日花粉浓度和5种疾病就医人次进行偏相关分析。结果北京市海淀区3年中4—9月空气花粉浓度均出现春季和夏秋季两个高峰。5种疾病各有不同的时间变化趋势,其在春季花粉高峰期内与空气花粉浓度的偏相关均无统计学意义(P>0.05),夏秋季花粉高峰期内仅变应性鼻炎就医人次与空气花粉浓度的偏相关有统计学意义(偏相关系数为0.802,P<0.01)。结论北京市海淀区夏秋季花粉高峰期内变应性鼻炎就医人次与空气花粉浓度的变化有一定关联。     

2010年北京热浪对医院急诊量的影响

目的探索2010年北京高温热浪对总就诊量及不同年龄段、性别、病种人群急诊就诊量的影响。方法本研究使用的北京市日最高温度和日平均温度数据均来自于美国国家气候数据中心（U．S．NationalClimaticDataCenter,NCDC）网站。急诊就诊量数据来源于北京市某三级综合医院。按日最高气温持续3d≥35℃选择热浪期（2010年7月22-30日）,按照与热浪期同季节就近、天数相同、星期匹配、以及期间无高温日等原则选择对照期（2009年7月23-31日）。通过计算热浪期与对照期医院急诊就诊量的相对危险度（RR）,分析热浪对医院各类人群急诊就诊量的影响。结果北京某医院热浪期急诊就诊总量达1567人次,较对照期（1433人次）增加9．4％,热浪期相对于对照期总就诊风险有所升高（RR=1．09,95％CI：1．05—1．13）。热浪期儿童急诊就诊总量为434人次,较对照期（269人次）增加61．3％,热浪期相对于对照期儿童急诊就诊风险相对较高（RR=1．61,95％CI：1．49—1．74）。热浪期老年人急诊就诊总量为243人次,较对照期（193人次）增加25．9％,热浪期相对于对照期老年人急诊就诊风险相对较高（RR=1．26,95％CI：1．14～1．39）。热浪期呼吸系统疾病急诊就诊总量为497人次,较对照期（434人次）增加14．5％,热浪期较对照期急诊就诊风险有所升高（RR=1．15,95％CI：1．07～1．22）。热浪期较对照期不同性别人群急诊就诊风险均有所增加,男性RR为1．08（95％CI：1．03—1．14）,女性RR为1．11（95％CI：1．05～1．16）。结论热浪会增加人群的急诊就诊风险,其中老年人、儿童和呼吸系统疾病患者为热浪健康影响的敏感人群。