膝关节融合治疗股骨远端侵袭性骨巨细胞瘤

目的 探讨应用自体腓骨移植联合膝关节融合治疗股骨远端侵袭性骨巨细胞瘤(GCT)的应用及临床效果.方法 对5例股骨远端侵袭性骨巨细胞瘤行整块切除术后骨缺损,采用游离腓骨移植联合钢板内固定行膝关节融合术重建下肢功能.结果 随访20～40个月,MSTS评分21～27分,骨折愈合时间6～18个月,无移植骨吸收和骨折,无病灶复发,恢复正常工作劳动.结论 肿瘤整块切除联合腓骨移植膝关节融合术是治疗股骨远端侵袭性骨巨细胞瘤的一种良好选择.     

自体腓骨移植治疗桡骨远端骨巨细胞瘤

目的：探讨白体近端腓骨移植重建在桡骨远端骨巨细胞瘤临床治疗中的应用及效果。方法：对4例桡骨远端骨巨细胞瘤复发（Campanacci Ⅲ级）患者在行桡骨远端瘤段切除的同时,行自体近端腓骨移植重建手术。结果：所有患者随访27～50个月,疼痛症状消失,骨愈合时间5～9个月,平均愈合时间为6．5个月,无移植骨吸收和骨折,腕关节功能握持力为对侧手的55％（40～80％）,背伸活动度可达对侧50％（10～80％）,掌屈达40％（15～70％）,无神经血管损伤症状,恢复正常工作劳动。所有患者均未出现骨巨细胞瘤的复发及肺转移。结论：桡骨远端骨巨细胞瘤经广泛切除后,用自体近端腓骨移植进行保肢治疗,可较好地保留腕关节功能,是一种有效的治疗方法。     

自体腓骨移植治疗桡骨远端骨巨细胞瘤复发

目的探讨自体近端腓骨移植重建在桡骨远端骨巨细胞瘤临床治疗中的应用及效果。方法对4例桡骨远端骨巨细胞瘤复发患者在行桡骨远端瘤段切除的同时,行自体近端腓骨移植重建手术。结果患者随访27～50个月,疼痛症状消失,骨愈合时间5～9个月,平均6.5个月,无移植骨吸收和骨折,腕关节功能握持力为对侧手的55%(40%～80%),背伸活动度可达对侧50%(10%～80%),掌屈达40%(15%～70%),无神经血管损伤症状,恢复正常工作劳动。所有患者均未出现骨巨细胞瘤的复发及肺转移。结论桡骨远端骨巨细胞瘤经广泛切除后,用自体近端腓骨移植进行保肢治疗,可较好地保留腕关节功能,是一种有效的治疗方法。     

带血管蒂腓骨移植修复骨巨细胞瘤段切除后骨缺损

自1986年至今我们采用带血管蒂腓骨就近转位移植,膝关节融合术治疗5例膝部骨巨细胞瘤患者,经随访疗效较为满意。1 临床资料1.1 一般资料 本组5例,女4例,男1例;年龄18～39岁;股骨下端1例,胫骨上端4例;均为骨巨细胞瘤,按Jaffe病理分级,Ⅱ级4例,Ⅲ级1例。均采用带血管蒂腓骨转位移植膝关节融合术,其中胫骨上端巨细胞瘤2例加用股骨下段带腓肠肌蒂骨瓣翻转移位植骨。     

游离髌骨移植修复骨巨细胞瘤术后膝关节缺损

目的　探讨游离髌骨移植对股骨下端或胫骨上端骨巨细胞瘤患者膝关节缺损的修复治疗效果。方法　本组共 9例股骨下端或胫骨上端骨巨细胞瘤患者 ,肿瘤侵袭关节软骨造成膝关节缺损 ,采用游离髌骨移植术对膝关节缺损进行修复。结果　患者随访 3～ 12 1个月 ,平均 6 5个月 ,无 1例复发转移 ,膝关节功能经综合评价效果优良 (8/ 9) ;膝关节屈伸活动范围 70°～ 12 0° ,平均 90° ;股四头肌肌力均达到 5级。1例患者术后 9年出现髌骨退行性改变。结论　对侵袭关节软骨的股骨下端或胫骨上端骨巨细胞瘤患者 ,行包括肿瘤在内的髁部大块切除后 ,游离髌骨移植是一种可行的膝关节修复方法。     

支撑钢板内固定自体腓骨髂骨移植治疗股骨远端C3型骨折

目的：评价支撑钢板联合自体腓骨髂骨移植治疗股骨远端C3骨折的疗效。方法：回顾分析应用支撑钢板和自体腓骨髂骨移植治疗股骨远端C3型骨折17例的临床效果。结果：经过8～55个月，平均24个月的随访，无骨不连及感染病例。骨痂桥接时间(3～5个月)平均4个月，骨愈合时间(6～14个月)平均8个月。关节功能：参照Shelboume疗效评定标准，膝关节功能均优良。结论：支撑钢板联合植入自体腓骨髂骨治疗股骨远端C3型骨折，固定坚强，可早期活动，愈合率高，是一种很好的方法。     

复杂性骨巨细胞瘤的外科治疗初步随访分析

目的提出复杂性骨巨细胞瘤的定义并回顾分析其治疗方法和结果，为减少其术后复发提供临床依据。方法2001年4月～2005年4月共治疗22例复杂性骨巨细胞瘤患者。男11例，女11例。年龄15～60岁。肿瘤位于股骨下段10例，胫骨上段5例，股骨近端2例，肱骨近端2例，髋骨2例和桡骨远端l例。所有患者按Campanicci’s分级，Ⅱ级4例，余均为Ⅲ级。行肿瘤边缘性切除或扩大性切除加大段同种异体骨与关节移植14例，肿瘤型人工关节置换8例。结果将骨巨细胞瘤已穿破骨皮质和／或侵犯至关节软骨下，已发生病理性骨折，瘤组织活检显示肿瘤细胞具有较强的侵袭性和肿瘤已有一次或多次复发定义为复杂性骨巨细胞瘤。所有患者获随访6～48个月，平均23个月。2例患者分别于术后8个月和11个月复发，分别经截肢和放射治疗后好转，复发率为9％。人工关节置换的关节功能优于同种异体骨移植；不带关节的同种异体骨移植的关节功能优于带关节的同种异体骨移植。所有移植的同种异体骨均获得不同程度的骨愈合。结论对定义为复杂性骨巨细胞瘤患者采用上述方法进行治疗，可获得较低的肿瘤复发率和一定范围的关节功能，是临床上治疗复杂性骨巨细胞瘤可采用的一种方法。     

吻合血管腓骨髂骨联合移植修复膝关节周围骨巨细胞瘤切除术后的骨缺损

目的探讨吻合血管的腓骨、髂骨联合移植修复膝关节周围骨巨细胞瘤扩大切除的方法及疗效。方法1996年10月~2002年11月,收治膝关节周围骨巨细胞瘤25例,其中17例采用肿瘤扩大切除,吻合血管的腓骨、髂骨联合移植术,年龄18~44岁。Enneking分期均为A期;放射影像学Campanicci’s分级级11例,级5例,级1例;病理学Jaffe's分级级9例,级7例,级1例。骨缺损范围为5.0cm×4.0cm~8.0cm×5.5cm,采用胫骨近端肿瘤扩大切除吻合血管的腓骨、髂骨联合移植修复肿瘤切除后骨缺损9例,股骨远端肿瘤扩大切除吻合血管的腓骨、髂骨联合移植修复重建肿瘤切除后骨缺损8例。随访观察术后植骨愈合、肿瘤复发情况、膝关节功能以及死亡情况。结果术后17例移植髂骨4.0cm×4.0cm~5.0cm×5.0cm,移植腓骨长度14~20cm,伤口期愈合。均获随访26~87个月,平均54个月。所有移植骨术后均愈合,愈合时间75~120d,平均93d。术后复发2例,关节腔间隙轻度狭窄3例。所有患者膝关节屈伸功能良好,其中股骨远端重建后屈曲80~105°,平均96°;胫骨近端重建后屈曲90~120°,平均110°。根据Enneking下肢功能评价标准,优11例,良3例,可1例,差2例,优良率为82.4%。结论肿瘤扩大切除,应用吻合血管的腓骨、髂骨联合移植修复膝关节周围骨巨细胞瘤具有肿瘤切除相对彻底、复发率低、骨移植愈合时间短、功能恢复快,能尽量保持和重建膝关节结构和功能等优点。     

带血管蒂腓骨重建治疗胫骨远端肿瘤的疗效研究

目的探讨采用带血管蒂腓骨重建治疗胫骨远端恶性及侵袭性肿瘤的疗效。方法 2012年3月—2018年1月,采用带血管蒂腓骨重建治疗11例胫骨远端恶性及侵袭性肿瘤患者。其中男7例,女4例;年龄16～39岁,平均20岁。原发性骨肉瘤8例,侵袭性骨巨细胞瘤2例,血管内皮瘤1例。Enneking分期:良性3期2例,恶性ⅠA期1例、ⅡA期4例、ⅡB期4例。病程1～6个月,平均2.7个月。术后采用美国骨与软组织肿瘤协会(MSTS)评分评价患肢功能;影像学复查移植腓骨远、近端愈合情况,测量腓骨直径。结果术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合。患者均获随访,随访时间16～85个月,平均41个月。随访期间均无肿瘤复发及转移发生。10例移植腓骨近、远端均达骨性愈合,其中近端愈合时间7～12个月,平均10.1个月;远端愈合时间7～12个月,平均9.3个月。1例移植腓骨远端术后13个月时愈合;近端19个月时仍未愈合,行近端植骨术后愈合。4例远端螺钉固定者中,2例移植腓骨愈合后发生内固定周围骨折,无1例发生皮肤坏死及感染;7例远端钢板固定者均未出现移植腓骨内固定周围骨折,但1例发生胫前皮肤坏死。术后12个月时,腓骨直径较术前增加1～5 mm,平均2.4 mm。MSTS评分为17～27分,平均22.8分。结论对于胫骨远端恶性及侵袭性肿瘤,采用带血管蒂腓骨重建可获得较好踝关节功能,是一种有效的保肢手术。     

腓骨移植治疗肢体侵袭性骨肿瘤和恶性骨肿瘤

目的：比较游离腓骨或吻合血管腓骨移植治疗切除四肢侵袭性骨肿瘤或恶性骨肿瘤后引起的长段骨缺损的临床疗效。方法：对１８例吻合血管移植及４例游离腓骨移植术的病例术后，采用ＥＣＴ、彩色多普勒血管超声检查、Ｘ线照片检查及随访，时间为术后２～１２年，移植骨最长达２６ｃｍ。结果：侵袭性骨肿瘤和恶性骨肿瘤１８例，肿瘤切除后用吻合血管腓骨移植重建缺损，１５例桡骨远端骨巨细胞瘤患者作游离腓骨移植重建缺损，结果前者愈合良好，移植骨片与受骨接合牢固，游离腓骨移植则愈合较差。结论：吻合血管腓骨移植可一期重建因骨肿瘤或骨恶性肿瘤广泛切除后造成的６ｃｍ以上的骨缺损，其优越性远远超过游离腓骨移植。     

Resection arthrodesis for the management of aggressive giant cell tumor of the distal femur

Background:

Giant cell tumors (GCTs) of bone are aggressive benign tumors. Wide resection is reserved for a small subset of patients with biologically more aggressive, recurrent, and extensive tumors. Wide resection and mobile joint reconstruction are preferable for treating tumors around the knee. In certain situations, resection arthrodesis or an amputation is suggested. In this prospective study we report the outcome of 8 patients of aggressive GCT of lower end of femur treated with resection arthrodesis.

Materials and Methods:

Eight patients with mean age of 37.25 years (range 30–45 years) with Campanacci Grade III (Enneking stage III) giant cell tumors at the distal femur were treated with wide resection and arthrodesis using dual free fibular graft and locked intramedullary nail from January 2003 to January 2008. There were four males and four females patients. The mean follow-up was 48.75 months (range 30–60 months). The functional evaluation was done using the standard system of musculoskeletal tumor society with its modification developed by Enneking et al.

Results:

At the final follow up the functional score ranged from 20 to 27 out of total score of 30. Graft union was achieved in all cases in a duration mean of 14.5 months (range 12-20 months).One case required secondary bone graft due to delayed union, and one case had superficial wound infection which healed on systemic antibiotics. At final followup, all the patients were disease free.

Conclusion:

Wide resection and arthrodesis in aggressive GCTs of the distal femur with involvement of all muscle compartments is a good treatment option. Resection arthrodesis offers a biological reconstruction alternative to amputation in a special group of patients when extensive resection precludes mobile joint reconstruction.     

酒精灭活骨复合人工假体治疗股骨远端骨巨细胞瘤及有限元分析

目的 探讨酒精灭活骨复合人工假体治疗股骨远端骨巨细胞瘤的临床疗效.方法 2007年1月至2008年10月应用酒精灭活骨复合旋转铰链膝关节治疗股骨远端骨巨细胞瘤5例,男3例、女2例;年龄22～40岁,平均29.6岁.3例为术后复发病例,2例伴病理性骨折.均为CampanacciⅢ级.选择1名18岁成年男性健康志愿者,利用...     

外科治疗肢体骨巨细胞瘤43例

目的探讨外科手术治疗肢体骨巨细胞瘤（giant cell tumor of bone, GCT）的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2007年1月至2013年7月于我院应用外科手术方法治疗的43例GCT患者,年龄20~66岁（平均32岁）;发病部位：股骨远端17例,胫骨近端16例,桡骨远端5例,腓骨近端2例,股骨近端2例,肱骨近端1例;治疗方法：病灶扩大刮除骨水泥填充并（或不并）内固定及并（或不并）植骨术,瘤段骨切除特制肿瘤关节置换术,瘤段骨切除腓骨小头移植术,瘤段骨切除关节融合术,瘤段骨切除稳定结构重建术。分析本组患者的手术相关资料、术后恢复情况及复发率。结果43例患者均获得随访,随访时间8~64个月,平均28个月。本组患者的总复发率为7.0%（3/43）,其中采用扩大刮除术患者复发率为7.7%（2/26）,瘤段切除术患者的复发率为5.9%（1/17）,复发患者均经二次手术治疗。2例合并感染,发生率为4.7%。结论通过术前认真设计,选择恰当的手术方式和重建方式,肢体GCT可获得良好的治疗效果。     

Partial wrist arthrodesis versus arthroplasty for distal radius giant cell tumours

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of using the proximal fibular graft for partial wrist arthrodesis or arthroplasty after the resection of giant cell tumours of the distal radius.

Methods

Between February 2006 and August 2010, 14 patients (seven males, seven females; average age, 35.7 years) with grade II and III giant cell tumours of the distal radius were treated by tumour resection and autologous proximal fibular grafts to reconstruct the wrist in our hospital. Seven patients each were treated by wrist arthroplasty and partial wrist arthrodesis, and were followed up for 2.2–6.8 years (average, 3.9 years).

Results

All patients achieved primary healing. No tumour recurrence was observed during follow-up in any of the patients. No statistically significant difference in forearm rotation was observed between patients undergoing the two different treatments. However, wrist flexion-extension activities were significantly better and the wrist grip strengths were significantly worse in the arthroplasty group than in the arthrodesis group. The Musculoskeletal Tumour Society score did not significantly differ between the groups.

Conclusions

Overall, joint arthroplasty remains a favourable treatment with regard to the functional outcome for giant cell tumours of the distal radius; however, some of these patients may have a weaker grip strength. In comparison, partial wrist fusion appears to provide a durable and stable wrist with good long-term functional outcome.     

Allograft arthrodesis of the knee for giant cell tumors

Giant cell tumors of bone are aggressive benign tumors. Wide resection is reserved for a small subset of patients with biologically more aggressive, recurrent, and extensive tumors. For patients with giant cell tumors who are young or middle-aged adults with normal life expectancies and high levels of activity, arthrodesis is an option for reconstruction after resection. We retrospectively studied 40 patients (mean age, 33.1 years) with Campanacci grade III giant cell tumors around the knee (12 distal femoral and 28 proximal tibial) that were treated with wide resection and allograft arthrodesis using compression plating between January 1998 and January 2008. At an average follow-up of 4.3 years (range, 2-10 years), no patient had local recurrence, malignant transformation, or pulmonary or distant metastases. The grafts united proximally and distally in 35 (87.5%) patients. Average limb-length shortening was 2 cm (range, 1.5-5 cm). No patient needed a lengthening procedure. Functional outcomes according to the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society measure were successful, with an average score of 26.3 points (range, 22-30 points). Wide resection with allograft arthrodesis of the knee is a treatment option in young, active patients with Campanacci grade III giant cell tumors around the knee. Wide resection and reconstruction with knee allograft arthrodesis for giant cell tumors can achieve excellent control of disease, high fusion rates, acceptable functional results, and low complication rates.     

En-block切除术联合结构性植骨治疗第1跖趾关节痛风性关节炎

背景：痛风性关节炎最常累及第1跖趾关节关节,伴有肿痛、畸形及关节僵硬,严重影响患者的生活质量。目的：探讨采用En-block切除术结合结构性植骨关节融合治疗第1跖趾关节痛风性关节炎的手术技术及疗效。方法：2012年6月至2013年6月,我院共收治8例第1跖趾关节痛风性关节炎患者。男7例,女1例,年龄25~68岁,平均47.6岁。所有患者均采用En-block病灶切除结合结构性植骨第1跖趾关节融合术。术后定期复查,摄片明确愈合情况,并采用美国骨科足踝外科协会（AOFAS）前足评分及疼痛直观模拟量表（VAS）评价治疗效果,记录相关并发症。结果：所有患者伤口均一期愈合,未见伤口感染、皮肤坏死等软组织并发症。术后7例患者获得12~24个月随访,平均18个月。影像学检查明确术后平均10周融合端骨性愈合。AOFAS评分从术前平均（44.4±10.5）分提高至术后（80.0±10.8）分,而VAS评分从术前平均（7.0±2.0）分降至术后（1.1±0.9）分,其差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.0001）。随访期间未见骨不连、畸形愈合及固定失效等并发症。结论：En-block切除结合结构性植骨融合治疗第1跖趾关节痛风性关节炎具有症状缓解明显、融合率高、并发症少等优势,可有效改善患者生活质量,是一种安全有效的治疗方式。     

Is Intralesional Treatment of Giant Cell Tumor of the Distal Radius Comparable to Resection With Respect to Local Control and Functional Outcome?

Background

A giant cell tumor is a benign locally aggressive tumor commonly seen in the distal radius with reported recurrence rates higher than tumors at other sites. The dilemma for the treating surgeon is deciding whether intralesional treatment is adequate compared with resection of the primary tumor for oncologic and functional outcomes. More information would be helpful to guide shared decision-making.

Questions/purposes

We asked: (1) How will validated functional scores, ROM, and strength differ between resection versus intralesional excision for a giant cell tumor of the distal radius? (2) How will recurrence rate and reoperation differ between these types of treatments? (3) What are the complications resulting in reoperation after intralesional excision and resection procedures? (4) Is there a difference in functional outcome in treating a primary versus recurrent giant cell tumor with a resection arthrodesis?

Methods

Between 1985 and 2008, 39 patients (39 wrists) were treated for primary giant cell tumor of the distal radius at two academic centers. Twenty patients underwent primary intralesional excision, typically in cases where bony architecture and cortical thickness were preserved, 15 underwent resection with radiocarpal arthrodesis, and four had resection with osteoarticular allograft. Resection regardless of reconstruction type was favored in cases with marked cortical expansion. A specific evaluation for purposes of the study with radiographs, ROM, grip strength, and pain and functional scores was performed at a minimum of 1 year for 21 patients (54%) and an additional 11 patients (28%) were available only by phone. We also assessed reoperations for recurrence and other complications via chart review.

Results

With the numbers available, there were no differences in pain or functional scores or grip strength between groups; however, there was greater supination in the intralesional excision group (p = 0.037). Tumors recurred in six of 17 wrists after intralesional excision and none of the 15 after en bloc resection (p = 0.030). There was no relationship between tumor grade and recurrence. There were 12 reoperations in eight of 17 patients in the intralesional excision group but only one of 11 patients (p = 0.049) who underwent resection arthrodesis with distal radius allograft had a reoperation. There were no differences in functional scores whether resection arthrodesis was performed as the primary procedure or to treat recurrence after intralesional excision.

Conclusions

Resection for giant cell tumor of the distal radius with distal radius allograft arthrodesis showed a lower recurrence rate, lower reoperation rate, and no apparent differences in functional outcome compared with joint salvage with intralesional excision. Because an arthrodesis for recurrence after intralesional procedures seems to function well, we believe that intralesional excision is reasonable to consider for initial treatment, but the patient should be informed about the relative benefits and risks of both options during the shared decision-making process. Because arthrodesis after recurrence functions similar to the initial resection and arthrodesis, an initial treatment with curettage remains a viable, and likely the standard, mode of treatment for most giant cell tumors of the distal radius unless there is extensive bone loss.

Level of Evidence

Level III, therapeutic study.     

Limb salvage for osteosarcoma of the distal tibia with resection arthrodesis, autogenous fibular graft and Ilizarov external fixator

We report the results of limb salvage for non-metastatic osteosarcoma of the distal tibia using resection arthrodesis, autogenous fibular graft and fixation by an Ilizarov external fixator. In six patients with primary osteosarcoma of the distal tibia who refused amputation, treatment with wide en bloc resection and tibiotalar arthrodesis was undertaken. The defect was reconstructed using non-vascularised free autogenous fibular strut graft in three patients and a vascularised pedicular fibular graft in three, all supplemented with iliac cancellous graft at the graft-host junction. An Ilizarov external fixator was used for stabilisation of the reconstruction. In five patients sound fusion occurred at a mean of 13.2 months (8 to 20) with no evidence of local recurrence or deep infection at final follow-up. The mean post-operative functional score was 70% (63% to 73%) according to the Musculoskeletal Tumour Society scoring system. All five patients showed graft hypertrophy. Union of the graft was faster in cases reconstructed by vascularised fibular grafts. One patient who had a poor response to pre-operative chemotherapy developed local tumour recurrence at one year post-operatively and required subsequent amputation.