低氧训练对下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质轴内分泌相关激素的影响

目的:总结低氧训练对下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质轴内分泌相关激素的影响,为科学运动训练提供依据。资料来源:应用计算机检索中国期刊全文数据库1994-01/2006-10的相关文章,检索词"低氧,低氧训练,下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺,激素",并限定文章语言种类为中文。并应用计算机检索美国国立医学图书馆NCBI1980-01/2006-10的相关文章,检索词"Hypoxic Training,organism endocrine system,hormone",并限定文章语言种类为English。资料选择:对资料进行初审,选取低氧训练与下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺分泌的相关激素有关的文献,并作初步分类,同类文献首选近年发表的核心期刊文章。排除重复及综述类文献。资料提炼:共收集到95篇相关文章,其中56篇属于重复及综述类文献,对符合标准38篇文献进行分析整理。资料综合:①高海拔状态下机体对低氧产生应激反应,表现为下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质轴的适应性运转,血中促肾上腺皮质激素浓度增加,以调节机体对应激刺激的适应能力,同时使促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子分泌增加。②高原训练后,睾酮和皮质醇的变化都较明显,其总体变化均趋于降低,睾酮/皮质醇值有升有降,从一定意义上反映了机体的机能状况与疲劳积累程度。③低氧还引起大鼠血浆β-内啡肽浓度升高,可使心房钠尿素增加、前列腺素增加、血管内皮素分泌增加及抑制血管内皮舒张因子的分泌。结论:激素对机体的新陈代谢、生长发育、各种功能活动以及维持内环境稳态等方面发挥重要的调节作用,低氧训练对机体激素的影响一直应该受到人们的关注。     

烧伤后慢性应激大鼠血液ACTH、CRF及皮质醇的变化

目的：探讨烧伤后并发抑郁,其下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴（HPA轴）的调节机制。方法：Wistar大鼠46只,分为烧伤组（30%深Ⅱ度烧伤）10只,抑郁组（给予慢性不可预见性中度刺激）、并发组（烧伤＋抑郁）及正常组各12只,观察大鼠的行为变化及放射免疫方法测定大鼠血浆ACTH、CRF及皮质醇水平。结果：实验22天,与正常组比较,烧伤组、抑郁组及并发组大鼠旷场行为明显减少;抑郁组CRF及皮质醇、并发组ACTH、CRF及皮质醇水平较正常组及烧伤组均显著升高（P〈0.05）。结论：烧伤后并发抑郁与HPA轴功能亢进有重要的联系。     

血管加压素与肾上腺素对大鼠脑复苏效果的影响

目的 比较血管加压素与肾上腺素对大鼠脑复苏效果的研究.方法 60只雄性SD大鼠建立心搏骤停模型,随机(随机数字法)分为4组(n=15/组):假手术组(sham operated group,shamgro)、阴性对照组(neg-gro)、血管加压素组(vas-gro)、肾上腺素组(adr-gro).分别记录血压变化,并取大鼠脑组织标本.结果 在复苏30 min后vas-gro与adr-gro复苏成功率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);在自主循环恢复的30 min内(1,2,5,10,20,30 min)vas-gro的平均动脉压均高于adr-gro;测得MDA,SOD,GSH的量vas-gro,sham-gro,adr-gro互相之间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 血管加压素与肾上腺素在大鼠心肺复苏过程中成功率相近,但血管加压素能维持复苏后平均动脉压在较高水平,继而会更好的增加脑灌注,减轻脑细胞损伤.

Abstract：

Objective To compare the effects of vasopressin and adrenaline on cerebral resuscitation in rats. Method Sixty male SD rats were used to set the animal model of cardiac arrest and were randomly (random number) divided into 4 groups (n = 15/group): sham operation group (sham-gro), negative control group (neg-gro), vasopressin group (vas-gro) and adrenaline group (adr-gro). Blood pressure was recorded, and brain tissue samples were obtained. Results There was no significant difference in the recovery rate between vas-gro and adr-gro 30 min after resuscitation (P ＜0.05). The mean blood pressure in vasgro was higher than that in adr-gro within 30 min (1,2, 5, 10, 20, 30 min) after restoration of spontaneous circulation. The measured MDA, SOD and GSH were significantly different (P ＜ 0.05) between each two groups among vas-gro, sham-gro and adr-gro. Conclusions The recovery rate was similar between vasopressin group and adrenaline group during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in rats. However, vasopressin can to maintain the mean arterial pressure at a higher level after resuscitation, which can the increase the cerebral perfusion and reduce brain cell damage.     

哮喘患儿的垂体—肾上腺轴的功能状态：长期吸入二丙酸倍氯米松的影响分析

目的 通过检测相关激素水平，探讨哮喘患儿垂体－肾上腺轴的功能状态及吸入二丙酸倍氯米松对它的影响。方法 将研究对象分成四组：正常对照组、哮喘组、短期吸入（二丙酸倍氯米松）组和长期吸入（二丙酸倍氯米松）组。应用放射免疫法，测定上述四组儿童的促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）和皮质醇（Cortisol)水平，以评估垂体－紧上腺轴功能状态。结果 四组儿童的血清ACTH和Cortisol水平之间无明显差异；ACTH刺激后短期吸入治疗组和长期吸入治疗组与正常对照组和哮喘组比较，皮质醇无明显降低。结论 吸入二丙酸倍氯米松治疗一般不会造成下丘脑－垂体－肾上腺轴功能紊乱及抑制肾上腺皮质激素的分泌。     

丙泊酚对大鼠脑创伤继发肺损伤的影响

目的 探讨丙泊酚(PPF)对创伤性脑损伤(TBI)大鼠肺损伤和应激的影响.方法 36只SD雄性大鼠按随机数字表法分为假手术(sham)组、脂肪乳组、TBI组、PPF 1 h组、PPF 2h组和PPF 6 h组,每组6只.液压冲击制作TBI模型,腹腔注射给药,脂肪乳组在假手术后给予脂肪乳,PPF组在伤后1,2,6h注射丙泊酚100 mg/kg.评价神经运动功能;测定血清促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)、皮质醇(COR)和去甲肾上腺素(NE)浓度;伤后72 h处死PPF2 h组大鼠,取肺行光镜和电镜检查.单因素方差分析和t检验进行统计学处理.结果 与sham组和脂肪乳组比较,TBI组出现神经功能障碍,ACTH、COR和NE浓度显著升高(P均＜0.01).丙泊酚各组神经功能障碍明显减轻,ACTH、COR和NE浓度显著低于TBI组(P均＜0.01),PPF 1 h组和PPF 2h组间差异无统计学意义(t=-0.816,t=-0.208,t=0.582,P均＞0.05),PPF 2 h组COR和NE浓度分别为(250.60±34.10)μg/L、(2646.08±263.61)pg/mL,显著低于PPF 6 h组[(314.73±39.33) μg/L&(3364.87±402.14)] (t=3.018,P=0.013;t=3.662,P=0.004).光镜下,TBI组肺间质增宽,肺泡内纤维素样渗出物和炎性细胞浸润.电镜下,TBI组肺Ⅱ型上皮细胞肿胀变性,胞质见嗜锇板层小体排空,微绒毛样突起减少.PPF 2 h组渗出物和炎性细胞减少,细胞肿胀减轻.结论 丙泊酚可能通过控制创伤应激对TBI大鼠肺损伤起保护作用,且使用越早效果越好.     

针刺足三里穴对大鼠下丘脑催产素、加压素mRNA表达的影响

目的研究针刺足三里穴对下丘脑催产素、加压素mRNA的表达在不同时间点的特异性影响。方法将 78只SD雄性大鼠分为针刺足三里穴位组、针刺足三里穴位旁开点组、束缚组、正常对照组 ,应用RT PCR方法观察针刺后 2、4、6、8h的下丘脑催产素、加压素的表达情况 ,经图像分析系统照相并进行半定量分析。结果针刺穴位旁开点后 2、4h下丘脑催产素的表达与其他 3组相比具有显著差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ,针刺后 6、8h各组间相比无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 )。针刺后 2、4、6、8h ,针刺足三里穴位组的加压素表达较其他 3组均降低 ,有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 )。结论针刺穴位旁开点可以引起催产素短时间的表达增高 ,而穴位点刺激并不引起催产素的表达变化。针刺足三里穴位可以引起加压素长时间表达受抑制 ,针刺穴位旁开点对下丘脑加压素的表达无影响。     

血管加压素与肾上腺素对心肺复苏大鼠心肌损伤的影响

目的：比较血管加压素与肾上腺素对心肺复苏大鼠心肌损伤的程度。方法：60只雄性SD大鼠随机分为模型组、阴性对照组、血管加压素组及肾上腺素组,每组15只。模型组仅行窒息前准备,不实施窒息处理,其他3组成功建立心搏骤停模型后分别经尾静脉注射生理盐水、血管加压素0.4 u/kg和肾上腺素0.04 mg/kg。记录大鼠自主循环恢复后30 min内血压、心率及存活时间;采用免疫组织化学方法检测白细胞介素-6与肿瘤坏死因子-α水平,分光光度计检测丙二醛、超氧化物歧化酶水平。结果：血管加压素组复苏成功率与肾上腺素组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);在自主循环恢复的30 min内血管加压素组平均动脉压高于肾上腺素组(P＜0.05)。自主循环恢复30 min时,模型组丙二醛、超氧化物歧化酶、白细胞介素-6、肿瘤坏死因子-α水平与血管加压素组、肾上腺素组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),血管加压素组丙二醛、超氧化物歧化酶水平与肾上腺素组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);血管加压素组白细胞介素-6和肿瘤坏死因子-α水平低于肾上腺素组(P＜0.05)。结论：血管加压素与肾上腺素在大鼠心肺复苏过程中复苏成功率相近,但血管加压素能维持复苏后平均动脉压在较高水平,对心肌细胞的损伤相对较轻。     

柴胡疏肝散及其提取物对慢性应激大鼠下丘脑CRH含量的影响

目的探讨柴胡疏肝散及其提取物对大鼠下丘脑促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素(CRH)含量的影响。方法采用慢性多相性应激模型,放免方法检测下丘脑CRH含量。结果与正常组相比,模型组下丘脑CRH含量显著升高;而水提醇沉液和原方高剂量组可下调下丘脑CRH含量。结论柴胡疏肝散、水提醇沉液可能通过调节丘脑CRH含量调节HPA起抗抑郁作用。     

肾上腺素与血管加压素对窒息性心脏骤停大鼠早期心肺复苏的影响

目的：比较肾上腺素与血管加压素对室息性心脏骤停大鼠早期心肺复苏的影响。方法：健康SI）夫鼠48只,体重200～250g,雌雄产拘,将大鼠随机分成4组（n=12）：正常对照组（C组）、模型组（M组）、肾上腺素组（E组）和血管加雎素组（V组）。M组、E组及V绀大鼠均经气管夹闭1min,建立窒息性心脏骤停模型。肖窒息时间达1min时,分别在常规心肺复苏前：c组和M组大鼠经股静脉注射生理盐水1m1。E组及V纰大鼠经股静脉分别注射肾上腺素0．04mg／kg及血管加压素0．4u／kg,H时开始胸外心脏按压及机械通气,观察自主循环恢复情况,5min无效则放弃复苏。自主循环恢复的大鼠连续监测心电和血压30min。记录在CPR30min内自主循环恢复情况及血流动力学;记录CPR30rain后,采用免疫组织化学法检测各组实验大鼠血清中肿瘤坏死因子-水平、白细胞介素6及白细胞介素10水平。结果：E、V组大鼠自主循环恢复率均显著高于M组（分别为73．4％．74．6％,和15．3％,P〈0．05）．E组大鼠自主循环恢复牢与V组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;E、V组大鼠平均动脉压明显高于M绀大鼠（P〈0．05）,V组大鼠MAP高于E组大鼠。差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。M组大鼠血清中自细胞介素6及肿瘤坏死因子-水平与E、V组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;E组大鼠m清中肿瘤坏死阔子-及白细胞介素-6水平高于V组（P〈0．05）。E组大鼠血清中白细胞介素-10水平低于V组（P〈0．05）。结论：肾卜腺素与血管加压素在窒息性心脏骤停大鼠早期心肺复苏过程中复苏成功牢无明显差异,但血管加乐素町维持大鼠复苏后平均动脉搓在相对较高水平;同时血管加压素可提高复苏后大鼠血清中抗炎因子水平。     

血管加压素对内毒素休克抗休克作用的探讨

【摘 要】 目的 探讨血管加压素（Vasopressin，VP）在内毒素休克中的抗休克作用，及对肾脏功能的影响。 方法 将24只兔随机分为两组，每组12只，用注射大肠杆菌类毒素（LPS）的方法制作内毒素休克兔模型。对照组（A组）不采取复苏措施；血管加压素组（B组）以血管加压素复苏。分时段监测血压，测定血NO、BUN、Cr等。并取肾脏标本行病理检查。 结果 血管加压素除了收缩血管，升高血压的作用外，能抑制一氧化氮的生成，起到抗休克的作用，对肾功能影响较小。 结论 血管加压素在感染性休克的治疗中具有较好的抗休克作用。     

运动训练对大鼠缺血性卒中后抑郁的发生及下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质轴的影响

摘要 目的：观察卒中后抑郁（PSD）大鼠行为学和下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质（HPA）轴功能的变化及运动训练的干预作用。 方法：选用健康雄性SD大鼠,随机分为5组：假手术组、卒中组、抑郁组、PSD组、运动组,采用线栓法制备缺血性脑卒中大鼠模型,慢性不可预见性温和刺激和孤养法制备抑郁大鼠模型,将以上方法相结合制备PSD大鼠模型,运动组制备PSD大鼠并同时进行4周跑台训练。观察各组大鼠自发性行为学改变,分别应用Western blot法和ELISA法测定大鼠HPA轴相关激素促肾上腺素释放激素（CRH）、皮质醇（Cort）的含量。 结果：旷场实验（OFT）测定结果显示,抑郁组、PSD组大鼠水平评分和垂直评分减少（P<0.05或P<0.01）,而且PSD组较卒中组与抑郁组减少更为显著（P<0.05或P<0.01）;抑郁组、PSD组HPA轴激素CRH,Cort分泌亢进（P<0.01）,且PSD组CRH、Cort含量比卒中组与抑郁组增加更明显（P<0.05或P<0.01）;运动组OFT得分增加（P<0.05）,CRH,Cort的过度分泌降低（P<0.05或P<0.01）。 结论：脑血管损伤的病理基础和慢性应激引起的内分泌紊乱,加重HPA轴亢进和抑郁症状,运动训练可以调节HPA轴,减少PSD的发生。     

血管升压素对大鼠心肺复苏后早期心脏收缩功能的影响

目的 评价血管升压素(VAP)对大鼠心肺复苏(CPR)后早期心脏收缩功能的影响.方法 健康12周龄SD大鼠36只,体质量(300±20)g,随机分为三组,每组12只.A组(假手术组):仅气管切开插管和右颈总动脉置管;E组 (肾上腺素组):窒息致心脏骤停(CA)后用肾上腺素每次0.02 mg/kg进行CPR;V组 (VAP组):窒息致CA后用VAP每次0.8 U/kg进行CPR.记录每只大鼠窒息前(T0)及自主循环恢复(ROSC)后即刻(T1)、2 h(T2)、4 h(T3)HR、SBP、DBP、LVSP、+LVdp/dt及动脉血气情况,每只大鼠CA时间、ROSC时间、ROSC率,每只大鼠T3时血清心肌肌钙蛋白T(cTnT)及脑钠素(BNP)水平.结果 ①与V组比较,E组ROSC时间长,而ROSC率低(P<0.05).②E、V组ROSC后各时刻HR、SBP、LVSP、+LVdp/dt及E组ROSC后各时刻DBP较T0降低(P<0.05);与V组比较,E组T3时HR,T2、T3时SBP,T1、T2、T3时DBP、LVSP、+LVdp/dt降低(P<0.05).③E组ROSC后各时刻pH、PO2、PCO2与T0比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);V组ROSC后各时刻PO2、PCO2与T0比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与V组比较,E组T1时PCO2高,T2、T3时PO2低,T1、T2、T3时pH低(P<0.05).④三组cTnT水平比较以及A组与E、V组BNP水平比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 VAP可以明显减轻大鼠心肺复苏后早期心脏收缩功能不全的程度.     

Effects of peripheral benzodiazepine receptor ligands on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function in the rat

High concentrations of the "peripheral" benzodiazepine (pBZD) binding site ("receptor") have been described in the hypothalamus, the pituitary and the adrenal glands. This study was undertaken to examine the effects of ligands of this binding site on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA). To accomplish this we administered graded doses of the pBZD receptor agonist 4-chloro-diazepam (Ro5-4864) i.v. to catheterized, freely moving adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Serial blood samples for plasma adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone determinations were drawn from the catheter before and after the injection of the drug. Ro5-4864 significantly stimulated ACTH and corticosterone secretion in a dose-dependent fashion. To examine whether this effect could be antagonized by the pBZD binding site antagonist PK 11195, we treated rats with PK 11195 at doses 10- and 50-times higher than Ro5-4864 before administration of a maximally effective dose of Ro5-4864. Neither dose of PK 11195 antagonized Ro5-4864-induced plasma ACTH or corticosterone elevations. However, this agent, given alone, stimulated ACTH and corticosterone release. Similarly, carbamazepine (CBZ), which binds to the pBZD binding site with low affinity, stimulated weakly the HPA in vivo, reaching statistical significance only at the highest dose tested. To examine the site(s) of action of these compounds on the HPA, we evaluated their effects on hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and pituitary ACTH secretion in vitro. Ro5-4864 stimulated hypothalamic CRH, but not pituitary ACTH secretion. Neither PK 11195 nor CBZ had any agonist effect on hypothalamic CRH secretion in vitro, whereas both antagonized Ro5-4864-induced CRH secretion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Effects of physiological concentrations of vasopressin on haemostatic function in man

Plasma concentrations of vasopressin (aVP) attained under conditions of stress were simulated by infusing four volunteers with 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 pressor units of aVP over 1 h (units/h). Three subjects had all four infusions and one received only 1.0 unit/h. Blood samples were taken for assay of factor VIII coagulant activity (FVIIIC), factor VIII related antigen (FVIIIRAg), the ristocetin cofactor (FVIIIRiCof), euglobulin lysis time (ELT) and aVP concentrations before infusion (time 0) and every 20 min for 80 min. Fibrinopeptide A (FPA) generation time was measured at time 0, 60 and 80 min. At infusion rates of 0.25 unit/h median aVP levels peaked at 6.5 pg/ml and there was no change in FVIII or FPA generation time, and plasminogen activator activity (10(6)/ELT2) rose from 100 to 400 units. At 1.0 unit/h, aVP levels rose to 25.4 pg/ml, FVIIIC rose by 160% and activator activity from 87 to 360 units. At 2.0 units/h, aVP concentrations reached 83 pg/ml, there was an increase in all modalities of FVIII and activator activity rose from 251 to 452 units. FPA generation time shortened and circulating plasma levels of FPA were increased. There was a highly significant correlation between the percentage increases in all three components of FVIII and plasma aVP levels (FVIIIC: r = 0.87, P less than 0.0001; FVIIIRAg: r = 0.61, P less than 0.0001; FVIIIRiCof: r = 0.80, P less than 0.0001) and between the increase in plasminogen activator activity and aVP levels (r = 0.56, P less than 0.0001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Effects of novel vasopressin receptor antagonists on renal function and cardiac hypertrophy in rats with experimental congestive heart failure

Arginine vasopressin (AVP) plays an important role in renal hemodynamic alterations, water retention, and cardiac remodeling in congestive heart failure (CHF). The present study evaluated the acute and chronic effects of vasopressin V(1a) receptor subtype (V(1a)) and vasopressin V(2) receptor subtype (V(2)) antagonists on renal function and cardiac hypertrophy in rats with CHF. The effects of acute administration of SR 49059 [(2S)1-[(2R,3S)-5-chloro-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzene-sulfonyl)-3-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1H-indole-2-carbonyl]-pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide)] (0.1 mg/kg) and SR 121463B (1-[4-(N-tert-butylcarbamoyl)-2-methoxybenzenesulfonyl]-5-ethoxy-3-spiro-[4-(2-morpholinoethoxy)cyclohexane]indol-2-one, fumarate; equatorial isomer) (0.3 mg/kg), V(1a) and V(2) antagonists, respectively, on renal function, and of chronic treatment (3.0 mg/kg/day for 7 or 28 days, via osmotic minipumps or p.o.), on water excretion and cardiac hypertrophy were studied in rats with aortocaval fistula and control rats. CHF induction increased plasma AVP (12.8 +/- 2.5 versus 32.2 +/- 8.3 pg/ml, p < 0.05). Intravenous bolus injection of SR 121463B to controls produced dramatic diuretic response (from 5.5 +/- 0.8 to 86.3 +/- 21.9 microl/min; p < 0.01). In contrast, administration of SR 49059 did not affect urine flow. Likewise, administration of SR 121463B, but not SR 49059, to rats with CHF significantly increased urinary flow rate from 20.8 +/- 6.4 to 91.6 +/- 26.5 microl/min (p < 0.01). The diuretic effects of SR 121463B were associated with a significant decline in urinary osmolality and insignificant change of Na+ excretion. In line with its acute effects, chronic administration of SR 121463B to CHF rats increased daily urinary volume 2 to 5-fold throughout the treatment period. Both SR 121463B and SR 49059 significantly reduced heart weight in CHF rats when administered for 4 weeks, but not 1 week. These results suggest that V(2) and V(1a) antagonists improve water balance and cardiac hypertrophy in CHF and might be beneficial for the treatment of water retention and cardiac remodeling in CHF.     

海马内注射MK801对严重烫伤大鼠下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴的激活

目的探讨 MK 801在严重烫伤大鼠血清皮质醇含量变化中的作用. 方法以大鼠背部 30% TBSA Ⅲ度烫伤作为严重创伤应激模型,采用放射免疫测定和海马内微量注射方法. 结果 ①严重烫伤后 0.5 h,大鼠血清皮质醇含量即显著升高, 2 h达高峰, 2 d后仍明显高于正常对照组.②海马内微量注射 MK 801可明显降低烫伤后血清皮质醇含量,与 2 h烫伤组比较差异显著,且与剂量大小有关. 结论海马内 NMDA受体参与了严重烫伤下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴的激活.     

步长脑心通胶囊对血管性痴呆大鼠认知功能及脑组织血管紧张素Ⅱ、精氨酸加压素含量的影响

目的:观察步长脑心通对血管性痴呆大鼠认知功能及脑组织血管紧张素Ⅱ、精氨酸加压素含量的影响,并与甲磺酸双氢麦角毒碱作用效果进行比较。方法:实验于2005-07/11在解放军第三军医大学大坪医院野战外科研究所七室完成。①选用清洁级15～18月龄Wistar大鼠48只,雌雄不拘,体质量(200±20)g。按随机摸球法将48只大鼠分为4组:假手术组、模型组、中药组和西药组(阳性对照组),每组12只。除假手术组外(进行假手术),其余组大鼠均采用改良Pulsinellis四血管阻断法建立血管性痴呆模型。中药组:以0.45g/(kg·d)剂量灌胃步长脑心通混悬液,由咸阳步长制药有限公司生产,由黄芪、乳香、没药、全蝎、地龙等16味中药组成,0.4g/粒;西药组:以0.32mg/(kg·d)剂量灌胃甲磺酸双氢麦角毒碱混悬液,该药由瑞士山德士药厂与天津华津制药厂合作生产,生产批号:970141,1mg/片;假手术组和模型组灌胃同容量生理盐水;每天分早、中、晚3次。术后当天开始用药,连续8周。②于造模前,造模后2,4,8周进行穿梭箱检查,以主动回避反应比率表示大鼠的认知能力。于给药结束后采用放射免疫分析法测定大鼠大脑皮质、下丘脑、海马血管紧张素Ⅱ、精氨酸加压素含量。③对数据进行单因素方差、均数间多重比较q检验;数据间相关性处理采用直线相关分析。结果:造模过程中如有动物死亡则补充相应只数,最终进入结果分析的大鼠保持为48只。①主动回避反应比率:模型组和中、西药组大鼠术后2,4,8周明显低于假手术组(P<0.01);2个治疗组均明显高于模型组(P<0.01);两治疗组间比较,差异不明显(P>0.05)。②血管紧张素Ⅱ含量:模型组大鼠大脑皮质、下丘脑和海马明显高于假手术组(P<0.01),中、西药组明显低于模型组(P<0.01),两治疗组间差异不明显(P>0.05)。③精氨酸加压素含量:模型组大鼠大脑皮质、下丘脑和海马明显低于假手术组(P<0.01);中、西药组明显高于模型组(P<0.01);中药组大脑皮质、下丘脑明显高于西药组(P<0.05),在海马与西药组相近(P>0.05)。④相关性分析结果:假手术组、模型组、中药组和西药组大鼠海马血管紧张素Ⅱ含量与主动回避反应比率呈负相关(r=-0.894,-0.872,-0.928,-0.880,P<0.05),而上述各组大鼠海马精氨酸加压素含量与主动回避反应比率呈显著正相关(r=0.912,0.892,0.937,0.897,P<0.05)。结论:步长脑心通改善血管性痴呆模型大鼠认知功能的作用可能是通过降低海马等脑组织血管紧张素Ⅱ含量、提高精氨酸加压素含量而实现,作用效果与甲磺酸双氢麦角毒碱相当。