温敏型壳聚糖/甘油磷酸钠缓释胰岛素凝胶系统的制备

目的:初步探讨制备温敏性壳聚糖/甘油磷酸钠载胰岛素凝胶系统.方法:应用壳聚糖与甘油磷酸钠制备具有温敏性的载有胰岛素的凝胶体系,从凝胶体系的pH值、粘度测定、胶凝时间研究不同配比、不同pH值对壳聚糖/甘油磷酸钠(CS/β-GP) 体系凝胶化性能的影响.结果:壳聚糖凝胶在室温(25℃)下呈液态,56% 甘油磷酸钠(β-GP)与3%壳聚糖(CS)在pH值6.8-7.2,37℃下凝胶化时间(GT) 从1h缩短到8-12min,凝胶形态良好,并且在负载胰岛素溶液后C/GP凝胶形态未受影响.结论:一定配比CS/GPS 体系在37℃具有快速凝胶化性能,在加入胰岛素后并未改变其温敏特性,为后续的温敏性壳聚糖/甘油磷酸钠载胰岛素凝胶系统的体外释药实验打下了基础.     

黄芩苷和牛血清白蛋白双缓释制剂的制备及释药性能检测

目的:将黄芩苷和牛血清白蛋白(bovine serum albumin,BSA)载入壳聚糖温敏凝胶,构建双缓释体系,检测凝胶对药物的体外释放情况。方法:采用乳化缩聚法制备黄芩苷-明胶微球(gelatin microspheres,GMS);用不同配比的壳聚糖溶液和β-甘油磷酸钠(β-glycerophosphate,β-GP)溶液制备壳聚糖温敏凝胶,观察在37℃的成胶情况,选择最佳配比;在此基础上,将不同浓度的黄芩苷-GMS与BSA共混于壳聚糖凝胶溶液,测定载药后的成胶情况及黄芩苷和BSA的体外释放情况。结果:成功制备了黄芩苷-GMS,载药率5.62%,包封率72.05%;1.8%壳聚糖溶液与9%的β-GP混合10min后可获得状态良好的凝胶;加载两种药物后的凝胶溶液相转变时间未发生改变;30d时低浓度组累积释放了63.79%,两个较高浓度组分别释放了74.86%、77.63%。结论:壳聚糖温敏凝胶可以同时负载黄芩苷-GMS和BSA两种药物,在室温下呈溶液状态,37℃下经过10min可转变成半固体凝胶,在体外释药可达30d。黄芩苷和牛血清白蛋白双缓释制剂的制备和释药性能检测为牙周组织修复再生药物的研制提供了基础。     

壳聚糖/β-甘油磷酸钠引导骨再生膜的制备及表征

目的：制备壳聚糖温敏凝胶引导骨再生屏障膜并进行结构表征。方法：通过分子自组装技术,合成含不同比例β-甘油磷酸钠的壳聚糖温敏凝胶,在37℃条件下干燥成膜。通过傅里叶红外光谱分析、X-射线衍射分析、扫描电镜分析对膜的结构进行表征并测量膜的拉伸强度。结果：壳聚糖温敏凝胶溶液在37℃条件下快速凝胶、脱水后成膜。红外光谱与X-射线衍射分析,壳聚糖与β-甘油磷酸钠之间产生了化学键结合;扫描电镜观察,膜具有多孔的表面结构和内部结构;β-甘油磷酸钠的含量越高,膜的孔径越大,拉伸强度有所降低,拉伸强度为0.78～1.13MPa。结论：壳聚糖温敏凝胶膜的制备条件温和、方法简便,其结构特征和力学性能符合可吸收引导骨组织再生膜的要求。     

不同组分壳聚糖温敏凝胶材料理化性能评价

目的:评价不同组分壳聚糖温敏凝胶材料的理化性能。方法:先对壳聚糖粉高温高压消毒,然后壳聚糖溶液(0.1mol/L)和β-甘油磷酸钠(β-GP)溶液(1.83 mol/L)分别按照体积比9∶1和7∶1两种配比组分制备壳聚糖温敏凝胶。通过粘度变化、凝胶时间、溶胀率、降解率、微观结构等观察指标比较2种凝胶的性能差异。结果:凝胶时间9∶1组为(6.1±0.68)min,7∶1组为(4.98±0.5)min(P<0.05);初始粘度9∶1组为(9.95±0.40)Paos,7∶1组为(9.90±0.36)Paos(P>0.05),终粘度9∶1组为(50.05±1.06)Paos,7∶1组为(45.25±0.69)Paos(P<0.05);溶胀率9∶1组为(16.6±0.8)%,7∶1组为(16.9±0.7)%(P>0.05);含溶菌酶组的降解率(%)明显高于不含酶组(P<0.05),加酶组和不加酶组7∶1组降解均快于9∶1组(P<0.05)。扫描电镜结果显示9∶1组平均孔径为(1.01±0.62)μm,7∶1组的平均孔径为(0.79±0.44)μm(P>0.05)。结论:9∶1配比的壳聚糖温敏凝胶理化性能优于7∶1比例组。     

石墨烯/壳聚糖/β-甘油磷酸钠温敏凝胶的制备及其性能评价

目的:将氧化石墨烯加入壳聚糖/p-甘油磷酸钠温敏凝胶中,制备石墨烯/壳聚糖/β-甘油磷酸钠复合温敏凝胶,表征其基本理化性质并对生物学特性进行初步评价.方法:将氧化石墨烯(graphene oxide,GO)加至壳聚糖/β-甘油磷酸钠(chitosan/β-glycerophosphate,CS/GP)温敏凝胶体系中,根据GO与CS不同的质量分数,制备了1wt％GO/CS/GP和3wt％GO/CS/GP复合温敏凝胶,以CS/GP温敏凝胶为对照,表征了各凝胶成胶时间、化学结构变化、微观结构和吸水率.将小鼠前成骨细胞MC3T3-E1接种于凝胶中,SEM观察细胞接种24h的粘附现象,CCK-8法检测细胞的增殖,并用荧光倒置显微镜观察细胞的生长情况.结果:凝胶的成胶时间随GO含量增加而缩短,CS/GP的平均成胶时间为(9.05±0.21)min,1wt％GO/CS/GP的平均成胶时间为(6.60±0.22)min,3wt％GO/CS/GP平均成胶时间为(4.50±0.18)min;GO和CS可通过酰胺键结合;凝胶均呈现出均一的相互通联的支架结构,1wt％GO/CS/GP复合温敏凝胶具有更大孔径(44.8±4.3μm)和吸水率(527±21％)以及更好的促成骨细胞增殖生长特性.结论:相比于壳聚糖/β-甘油磷酸钠温敏凝胶,石墨烯/壳聚糖/β-甘油磷酸钠复合温敏凝胶具有更好的理化性质和生物学特性.     

两种消毒方式对壳聚糖水凝胶温敏性能及模型蛋白体外缓释性能的影响

目的探索两种消毒方式对壳聚糖水凝胶温敏性能及缓释性能的影响,为壳聚糖水凝胶临床应用前消毒方式的选择提供依据。 方法在制备壳聚糖温敏水凝胶前,采用两种方式进行消毒处理。（1）传统组：高压蒸汽消毒壳聚糖-醋酸溶液;（2）改良组：高压蒸汽消毒壳聚糖粉末。检测两组凝胶的成胶时间、旋转粘度;扫描电镜观察表面及截面形貌;傅立叶红外光谱检测特征性吸收峰;采用牛血清白蛋白（BSA）作为模型蛋白,观测体外缓释性能;SDS-PAGE检测缓释后的蛋白完整性。结果采用两独立样本的t检验进行统计。 结果37℃时,传统组成胶时间明显长于改良组（t= 61.677,P= 0.000）;改良组的旋转粘度在37℃时达15 000 mPa.s,传统组37℃时粘度为1560 mPa.s,40℃时上升至11 500 mPa.s;两组凝胶表面致密完整,截面均呈三维立体网状多孔结构,传统组孔隙大于改良组;两实验组与未消毒壳聚糖的吸收光谱基本一致;两组均有良好的缓释性能,改良组缓释性能更佳（t= 61.415,P= 0.000）,且释放出的模型蛋白分子结构完整。 结论采用改良消毒方式的壳聚糖水凝胶成胶时间更短,温敏性能更佳,缓释性能良好,且与传统组一样能保持缓释蛋白结构完整性。     

复方甲硝唑根管消毒控释系统的研制及体外释放度测定

目的　制备复方甲硝唑根管消毒控释系统(CDGMC)并观察其体外释药时间。方法　利用渗透泵原理,以牙胶尖为载体,选用复方药物制成药尖,外包控释膜制备成复方甲硝唑根管消毒控释系统。根据体外释放试验提取药物释放参数,筛选出最佳制剂配方。将单根管离体牙作常规根管预备,分别置入筛选出的CDGMC,以空白控释制剂作对照,以pH 7.4温度37℃生理盐水作为释放介质,定时取样,测定吸光度,求得药物浓度,换算出释放百分率和累积释药百分率。结果　释放有效药物浓度时间最长的一组控释制剂中甲硝唑含量为1 880μg,环丙沙星为267μg。离体牙根周释药实验表明,第10天时根周环境的甲硝唑释药量为88·54μg/ml、环丙沙星为9·05μg/ ml。结论　CDGMC能持续释放有效药物浓度达10 d以上,是一种理想的根管消毒药物使用方法。     

壳聚糖温敏凝胶膜的制备及其生物活性初步研究

目的：制备壳聚糖/β-甘油磷酸钠（CS/β-GP）温敏凝胶新型可吸收性引导组织再生膜,通过体外细胞培养初步评价其生物相容性。方法：利用（CS/β-GP）体系的温敏相转变特性,合成温敏凝胶膜,并通过FTIR、SEM对膜的结构进行表征。MTT比色法对体外共培养的小鼠成纤维细胞（L929cell）的生长及增殖情况进行初步评价。结果：壳聚糖与β-甘油磷酸钠分子间存在静电作用和化学键结合,最终形成了新的复合生物膜,且具有多孔的表面结构和内部结构。MTT比色法显示与L929细胞体外共培养第3、4、5d,以生物膜为实验组的吸光度（A）值明显高于空白对照组,组间有统计学差异（P〈0.01）。结论：壳聚糖/β-甘油磷酸钠温敏凝胶膜具有多孔结构和良好的生物活性,能促进成纤维细胞的体外增殖,作为一种新型引导组织再膜具有良好的应用前景。     

辛伐他汀凝胶盖髓剂初步研究Ⅰ

目的:制备辛伐他汀温敏性凝胶缓释系统,初步探索辛伐他汀促进牙髓修复的作用。方法:制备辛伐他汀壳聚糖温敏性缓释凝胶,紫外分光光度法检测缓释效果并绘制释放曲线。大鼠磨牙行活髓切断术,分别以载有辛伐他汀的壳聚糖缓释凝胶(简称辛伐他汀缓释凝胶)、壳聚糖/甘油磷酸钠凝胶(简称空白凝胶)、氢氧化钙盖髓,并设对侧为空白对照组,术后1、3、7、14、28 d处死,拍摄X线片,HE染色观察牙髓情况。结果:37℃下,空白凝胶15 min内凝固,辛伐他汀缓释凝胶8 min内凝固。48 h辛伐他汀快速释放,60 d后达到溶质梯度平衡,凝胶内的辛伐他汀持续平稳释放,累计释放率为61.5%。活髓切断术后,氢氧化钙组28 d受试牙根管口见高密度钙化屏障,辛伐他汀缓释凝胶组术后7、14、28 d的根管口见高密度钙化屏障,空白凝胶组未见高密度影像。HE染色结果显示,辛伐他汀组术后7 d盖髓断面牙髓结构正常,成牙本质样细胞向断面聚集并形成早期钙化团块,28 d形成早期钙化桥;氢氧化钙组术后7 d表现为盖髓剂下方断面和髓腔内牙髓组织凝固性坏死现象,失去正常结构,与周围组织界限明显。结论:辛伐他汀缓释凝胶缓释性能良好。作为盖髓剂,其组织相容性好,有促进修复性牙本质形成的潜能。     

蜂胶及自制蜂胶奥硝唑合剂对人牙龈成纤维细胞的毒性作用

目的:了解蜂胶及自制蜂胶奥硝唑合剂对人牙龈成纤维细胞的毒性作用,为蜂胶及合剂的临床推广应用提供理论依据.方法:人牙龈成纤维细胞在不同浓度的蜂胶、奥硝唑和自制蜂胶奥硝唑合剂中体外培养24 h,用MTT法测定细胞相对增殖率(RGR);选择细胞增殖率约为50%的药物浓度组,重新培养细胞24 h,更换成不含药物的培养液连续培养7 d,每天用MTT法测定吸光度值,了解细胞增殖回复情况.结果:0.5g/L蜂胶组的RGR达到93.9%,与蜂胶其他2组间的差别有统计学意义(P<0.05);奥硝唑溶液加入蜂胶后,对应浓度组比较,两合剂组的平均吸光度值均大于奥硝唑组,其中当奥硝唑浓度为0.4g/L和0.8g/L时,差别有统计学意义(P相似文献   

不同剂型玻璃离子水门汀溶解性比较研究

目的:研究、比较不同剂型玻璃离子水门汀的溶解性和表面微观形态改变,为临床使用提供依据.方法:将3M树脂加强型玻璃离子水门汀(水粉剂型)、GC玻璃离子水门汀(水粉剂型)及GC玻璃离子水门汀(双糊剂型)分别在人工唾液中浸泡30 d,冷热循环15000次,烘干测重,比较前后质量变化,计算溶解率,并用扫描电镜观察表面微观改变.结果:不同剂型的玻璃离子水门汀溶解率由高到低分别为3M树脂加强型玻璃离子水门汀(水粉剂型)、GC玻璃离子水门汀(水粉剂型)、GC玻璃离子水门汀(双糊剂型).3种玻璃离子水门汀经浸泡溶解后,SEM扫描表面微观形态可观察到GE玻璃离子水门汀(双糊剂型)表面形态改变较少,其他2组玻璃离子水门汀表面微观改变较多.结论:双糊剂型玻璃离子水门汀理化性能及溶解率均低于传统水粉剂型,是未来临床修复治疗的的良好选择.     

Evidence of the validity of a model of determinants of quality of restorative dental care

A model describing the relationship between self-reported quality of restorative dentistry and dentist characteristics for 119 Montana general dentists is presented. The best predictors formed a significant model explaining 22% of the variance of the quality measure. Results are contrasted with a previous estimation of the model for 102 Washington general practitioners. Evidence for the external validity of the model is presented.     

Experimental evidence of formation of imines in the course of reduction of hydrazones

The reduction of hydrazones is generally suggested to proceed through a reductive cleavage of the nitrogen–nitrogen bond followed by a reduction of the carbon–nitrogen bond. This sequence of reduction processes is here supported for fluorenone (V) and benzophenone (VI) hydrazones as well as by a comparison of the reduction of fluorenone and benzophenone hydrazonium ions (I,III) with corresponding imines (II,IV). Another proof of the presence of imines as intermediates is the splitting of four-electron waves of hydrazones V and VI and hydrazonium ions I and VIII into two waves at pH < 2. This has been interpreted as due to differences in slopes dE_1/2/dpH and pK_a-values of protonated hydrazine derivatives on one side and corresponding imines on the other. In this pH-range imines formed in reductions of VI and VIII are reduced in a single two-electron wave, those of I and V in two one-electron steps. Fluorenone imine (II) is sufficiently stable to allow recording of time-independent current–voltage curves between pH 6 and 11. In this pH-range the imine (II) is reduced in two one-electron steps. Benzophenone imine (IV) has been found stable between pH 4.6 and 12. At pH 4.6–8 the reduction of the imine IV takes place in a single two-electron step, at pH 8–12 in two one-electron steps. Final proof of the initial cleavage of the N–N bond is presented by comparison with the reduction of nitrones.     

Design of clinical trials of traditional therapies of periodontitis

The present paper on the design of clinical trials of periodontal therapy first addresses the issue of the etiology of periodontal disease. It is suggested that most if not all forms of destructive periodontal disease are caused by microorganisms and that there are different forms of disease with different microbial etiologies. The progressive nature of destructive periodontal disease is subsequently discussed and it is emphasized that, in a given patient, periodontal sites which show signs of inflammation and attachment loss may not over a period of several months and years show further sign of attachment loss. The present methods of assessing periodontal disease do not allow us to discriminate between potentially active and inactive sites in untreated patients. The significance and variability of indicators of periodontal disease such as bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth and probing attachment level measurements are discussed. The errors inherent in the various measurements are analyzed and suggestions are presented describing how alterations in any of the above parameters could be identified and presented in a clinical trial. Of concern for the statistical analysis of clinical data of periodontal disease is the definition of the "experimental unit". For a number of years, the "experimental unit" in periodontal trials was the patient. It is clear, however, that different sites within the same individual show different patterns of disease progression and lesion morphology and often respond differently to periodontal therapy. Statistical analyses must consequently be designed which recognize differences in site-to-site infection and lesion morphology within a common host. Until such analyses are available, the investigator should be wary of pooling data within the same individual, since such pooling may obscure meaningful alternatives which may take place in individual periodontal sites. Some goals of periodontal therapy are subsequently identified. 4 goals are discussed more in detail, namely: to establish conditions which will allow the patient to maintain a dentition without further breakdown of the periodontium; to reduce pocket depth to establish an anatomy in the dentogingival region which with proper maintainance care will prevent the re-establishment of the subgingival infection; to gain attachment as a result of treatment; to assess the effect of a certain chemotherapeutic agent on periodontal disease.     

Evaluation of efficacy of chemiluminescence for diagnosis of leukoplakia

ObjectiveLeukoplakia is the most common potentially malignant disorder preceding oral cancer. Chemiluminescence has been developed as an adjunct to conventional examination for the diagnosis of these potentially malignant disorders. This study was conducted to assess the efficacy of chemiluminescence in the diagnosis of leukoplakia and to compare the results with histopathological examination.Study designA total of 50 patients with leukoplakia were included from the outpatients attending the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Dental Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. These patients were subjected to conventional oral examination followed by chemiluminescent examination with Vizilite (Zila, Fort Collins, CO, USA) and biopsy for histopathological confirmation.ResultsThe sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of chemiluminescence were 93.75%, 55.56%, 78.95%, and 83.3%, respectively. The overall accuracy of chemiluminescence was 80%. A statistically significant association was observed between histopathology results and chemiluminescence results.ConclusionAlthough it is an easy, safe, minimal time consuming, and noninvasive technique, it has only adjunctive utility and it does not replace biopsy for the diagnosis of leukoplakia.     

正常青年Monson球面半径的测量研究

目的测量正常青年Monson球面半径。方法选择60名(男30名,女30名)正常青年制取全口印模,应用立体摄影成像的原理与方法对Monson球面半径进行测量和统计学处理。结果Monson球面的半径平均为10.173 cm,大于理论值10.160 cm,差异有显著性(P<0.01);男、女性球面半径差异无显著性。结论本实验所得到的数据可作为全口义齿修复中记录颌位关系的一个参量。     

正畸患者切牙影像失真发生情况分析

目的研究正畸患者曲面体层片上的切牙影像失真发生情况，并分析其原因。 方法从中山大学附属口腔医院放射科影像数据库中选取500例正畸患者的曲面体层片和头影测量侧位片，所有曲面体层片均采用咬合杆投照，分别从切牙牙体影像放大、缩小、牙根变短、根尖模糊等评价指标分析上下颌切牙影像失真的发生情况，在头影测量侧位片上测量中切牙根尖-对颌切牙切缘的距离，探讨切牙影像失真发生的原因。采用SPSS 19.0统计软件对所得数据进行统计学检验。 结果500例患者中，切牙牙体影像正常者共417例，切牙牙体影像失真者共83例，影像失真发生率16.6%，其中切牙牙体影像放大17例、牙体影像缩小0例、牙根变短30例，牙根影像变短伴模糊36例。影像失真患者的根尖-切缘距离大于影像正常的患者，差异有统计学意义（F = 5 187.18，P = 0）；影像失真患者的覆盖值大于影像正常的患者，差异有统计学意义（F>477，P = 0）。 结论严重牙颌面畸形如反 、深覆盖是导致曲面体层片的切牙影像失真的主要原因之一。     

颌骨动静脉畸形的栓塞治疗

目的：总结直接穿刺结合经血管内介入栓塞治疗颌骨动静脉静脉畸形的经验。方法：收治凳骨动静脉畸形患者6例,均进行了介入栓塞治疗。采用的栓塞材料为附凝血棉纤毛的螺圈,聚乙烯醇泡沫微粒和二氰基丙烯酸对丁酯。数字减影颈动脉造影在PHILIPSV300下完成。结果6例颌骨动静脉畸形患者中4,例急性出血得到了快速、有效控制,1例慢性渗血的右下 骨动静脉畸形患者,介入栓塞治疗,拔除松动的右下凳第一磨牙,有效地控制了出血,另1例伴局部软组织搏动性膨隆的上凳骨动静脉畸形患者,介入治疗后膨隆的搏动性得到明显改善,栓塞治疗后分别随访3－24个月,均未发现有口腔内渗血或出血。随访的X线片上,病灶区可见新骨形成。结论：局部穿刺结合经血管内介入栓塞治疗颌骨动静畸形是一种安全、有效的治疗方法。     

Electrodeposition of bilayers of dithiols

We report an electrochemical method to form a bilayer of dithiol. The cyclic voltammogram of the oxidative deposition of an aromatic dithiol on gold from an alkaline aqueous solution reveals two current peaks separated by more than 400 mV. The integrated charge of the oxidative current peak (B) at the most positive potential is twice that of the other oxidative current peak (A). These two oxidative current peaks were characterized by differential capacitance and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) measurements. A decrease of the capacity by a factor of two, and an increase of the EQCM frequency change by a factor of two were observed when the potential was scanned from a value where only the first oxidative peak (A) is obtained, to a potential where both oxidative current peaks (A and B) are obtained. Infrared spectra show that the aromatic dithiols adsorb vertically at potentials corresponding to the current peak A and they become tilted for potentials corresponding to the current peak B. The simple relationships between the properties of the two oxidative current peaks are found to be compatible with a step-wise oxidative deposition of a bilayer of dithiol.