HIV感染者HPV相关口腔损害研究现状

艾滋病病毒（HIV）的感染尤其是高效抗逆转录病毒治疗,使口腔人类乳头状瘤病毒（HPV）感染的感染率增加。本文旨在对HIV感染相关的HPV口腔流行病学特征和基因型分布等方面的国内外的研究进展进行综述。     

应用PCR技术研究口腔乳头状瘤与病毒感染

应用ＰＣＲ技术研究口腔乳头状瘤与病毒感染杨淑华高文涛欧阳喈白求恩医科大学口腔医学院口腔鳞状细胞乳头状瘤是一种良性肿瘤，主要发生于３０～５０岁患者，此瘤常累及软腭、舌腹、舌侧缘及下唇。由于其具有向鳞状细胞癌转化的潜能，口腔乳头状瘤已被视为一种癌前病变。...     

口腔鳞癌中HPV感染及其对p5 3改变影响的研究

目的：探讨高危型人乳头状瘤病毒（ＨＰＶ）在口腔鳞癌中的感染情况及其对Ｐ５３蛋白表达和ｐ５３突变的影响。方法：采用免疫组化和ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ方法,分别检测４０例来癌中高危型ＨＰＶＥ６蛋白表达、Ｐ５３蛋白表达和ｐ５３基因突变的情况。结果：９例ＨＰＶＥ６蛋白染色阳性,阳性率２２．５％（９／４０）,与正常粘膜对照组有显著差异（Ｐ＝０．０２１）。ＨＰＶ阳性组中Ｐ５３蛋白表达率１１．１％（１／９）,ＨＰＶ阴性     

口腔鳞状细胞乳头状瘤组织中HPV DNA的原位杂交研究

目的 探讨人乳头瘤病毒（ｈｕｍａｎ ｐａｐｉｌｌｏｍａｖｉｒｕｓ,ＨＰＶ）感染与口腔鳞状细胞乳头状瘤（ｓｑｕａｍｏｕｓ ｃｅｌｌ ｐａｐｉｌｌｏｍａ,ＳＣＰ）的发生之间的关系。方法 应用地高辛标记的ＨＰＶ６／１１和ＨＰＶ１６／１８核酸探针分别在３０例口腔ＳＣＰ组织上进行原位杂交,检测口腔ＳＣＰ组织中ＨＰＶ ＤＮＡ的特征。结果 ＨＰＶ６／１１ ＤＮＡ阳性１６例（５３％）,ＨＰＶ１６／１８ＤＮＡ未检出,ＨＰＶ６／１１ＤＮＡ阳性细胞多数分布在鳞状上皮的表层、中层和基底层。结论 原位杂交方法可以检测口腔ＳＣＰ组织中ＨＰＶ ＤＮＡ的存在并能准确组织定位,进一步支持ＨＰＶ６／１感染与口腔ＳＣＰ的发生密切相关。     

HPV口腔黏膜上皮体外癌变模型与免疫治疗

口腔黏膜上皮体外癌变模型,模拟了口腔黏膜上皮在体外的一个多因素、多步骤的癌变过程,是研究口腔鳞癌发生发展机制和治疗实验的必不可少的研究手段。免疫治疗被认为是可以清除残存癌细胞和感染病毒细胞的最有效方法这一。本文旨在通过探讨HPV口腔黏膜上皮体外癌变模型及免疫治疗的研究进展,为口腔鳞癌发病机制和治疗手段提供思路。     

口腔粘膜病损HPV的检测

应用ＰＣＲ技术检测口腔粘膜病损中ＨＰＶ的感染情况。病损包括白斑、扁平苔藓、慢性盘状红斑狼疮、日光性唇炎、鳞癌及鳞癌术后上皮高度增生共３４例。结果表明在口腔癌与白斑中斑可存在ＨＰＶ的感染，ＨＰＶ可能是口腔癌的致病因子之一。     

HIV感染患者的口腔表征及研究进展

艾滋病是当今最受关注的传染病之一,它具有传播速度快、波及地区广和死亡率高的特点。对艾滋病的研究认为:大多数艾滋病患者可出现口腔症状,多首诊于口腔科,因此艾滋病口腔表征作为早期诊断的关键症状,已引起国际医学界的高度重视。本文综合近年来国内、外的有关文献,对HIV感染者的口腔表现作一综述。     

人乳头状瘤病毒致口腔鳞癌发生的研究进展

人乳头状瘤病毒(HPV)感染与人类许多疾病有关,它与口腔鳞癌的关系也已受到关注.目前研究认为,高危型HPV的E6、E7蛋白分别作用于p53和Rb,继而影响其它调节因子,使细胞周期发生紊乱,引起细胞恶变.本文对人乳头状瘤病毒感染引起的细胞周期调节因子改变在口腔鳞癌发生发展过程中的作用机制作一综述.     

发夹状核酶阻断HPV16转化口腔上皮细胞的研究

目的:探讨发夹状核酶阻断人乳头状瘤病毒16(HPV16)转化口腔上皮细胞的能力及可能的机制。方法:设计合成HPV16E6特异性发夹状核酶基因;构建重组真核表达载体;脂质体介导转染HPV16诱导的永生化口腔上皮细胞(HIOEC);空白载体对照;潮霉素筛选;斑点杂交检测细胞中核酶的表达;PCR、RT-PCR和免疫细胞化学分别检测细胞中HPV16E6的DNA、RNA和蛋白表达;荧光染色、流式细胞仪检测、生长曲线绘制观察细胞生物学特性的改变。结果:成功构建含HPV16E6特异性发夹状核酶的重组真核表达载体pcDNA-RZE6;转导筛选后,获得阳性克隆HIOEC-RZE6和空白载体对照HIOEC-pcDNA;HIOEC-RZE6中核酶转录、HPV16E6RNA和蛋白表达下降,细胞增殖减缓,出现凋亡;HIOEC-pcDNA中未见同样变化。结论:HPV16E6特异性发夹状核酶可以抑制HPV16E6表达,并阻断HIOEC进一步恶变,诱导细胞凋亡。     

口腔鳞癌HPV16、18感染与多基因表达的相关性研究

目的:检测口腔鳞状细胞癌(oral squamous cell carcinoma,OSCC)p53、Ki-67、Rb、p16和cyclin D1蛋白表达与高危型人类乳头状瘤病毒(human papilloma virus,HPV)感染的相互关系.方法:对73例OSCC组织标本,应用免疫组织化学ABC法检测病变组织中p...     

Classifications of oral lesions in HIV infection

BACKGROUND: Manifestations of immunosuppression may take the form of opportunistic infection, and neoplasia. While this paper has focused on gingival and periodontal manifestations. these tissues cannot be evaluated in isolation. The presence of involvement of other oral tissues such as the cheek or tongue with manifestations associated with HIV such as hairy leukoplakia, Kaposi's sarcoma at these sites, and candidiasis in addition to periodontal manifestations may further increase the clincal suspicion of underlying immunosuppression and/or progression of the immunosuppressive state. DISCUSSION: The periodontist plays an essential r le in identifying the periodontal status of an individual and has an important r le to play in early recognition of signs and symptoms of HIV disease or progression of the medical condition. CONCLUSION: Only through such recognition can appropriate definitive diagnostic testing be conducted, and appropriate therapeutic intervention for the oral condition and the systemic condition be considered.     

Concurrent HPV infection in oral and genital mucosa

Screening for human papillomavirus (HPV) types was performed by a PCR- based assay on 29 women (mean age 34.0 years, range 21-48 years). HPV-DNA was demonstrated in 16 women (55.2%), with a detection rate of 37.9% in the oral cavity and 34.5% in the genital tract. HPV-16 was the most prevalent genotype (53.8%), followed by HPV-6, which was present in 34.6% of the positive samples. Other types were more rarely detected. Five subjects showed concurrent genital tract and oral cavity infections but HPV type-specific concordance was detected in only 3 patients. Multiple HPV infections were found in 9 of the 26 positive samples, where HPV-6 appeared frequently associated with the other types. These data confirm the occurrence of mixed HPV infections and the wide diffusion of different types of HPV in the genital mucosa and in the oral cavity; they also stress the need to utilize diagnostic methods with a wide typing capacity.     

The deep mycoses in HIV infection

The deep mycoses are uncommon infections, usually acquired from the inhalation or ingestion of fungal spores, sometimes from the soil in areas of endemicity, such as in the Americas and south-east Asia, or from decaying vegetable matter. They are also seen in immunocompromised persons and, increasingly, in HIV-infected persons. Respiratory involvement is frequent, with granuloma formation, and mucocutaneous involvement may be seen. Oral lesions of the deep mycoses are typically chronic but non-specific, though nodular or ulcerative appearances are common. Person-to-person transmission is rare. In HIV disease, the most common orofacial involvement of deep mycoses has been in histoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, aspergillosis and zygomycosis. Diagnosis is usually confirmed by lesional biopsy although culture may also be valuable. Treatment is with amphotericin or an azole.     

Localised oral histoplasmosis lesions associated with HIV infection

Opportunistic fungal infections account for a significant amount of morbidity associated with HIV disease. We report here a case of localised oral histoplasmosis without evidence of disseminated disease in a patient who lacked stigmata of HIV disease at the time of initial presentation. The diagnosis is based on histology with special stains, complement fixing antibodies in serum, and culture of the organism from fresh tissues. Activation of subclinical disease following an infection in Uganda may explain the development of these exophytic oral lesions in this British resident.     

Human papilloma virus types in the oral and cervical mucosa of HIV‐positive South African women prior to antiretroviral therapy

Background: To evaluate the prevalence of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection and types in the oral and cervix mucosa of treatment‐naïve HIV‐1‐positive women with CD4 counts less than 300 cells per ml with no HPV‐associated oral lesions. Methods: Oral epithelium was harvested from the buccal mucosa and lateral borders of the tongue and cervical samples were collected from the endocervical area of 30 women, 22–64 years old. Cytobrush Plus cell collectors were used for sampling both anatomical areas. Genital pathology, obstetric and gynaecological history, co‐morbid disease, hormone therapy, sexual behavior and smoking history were assessed via physical examination and clinical interviews. Special investigations included cervical Papanicolau smears, CD4 counts and HIV‐1 viral loads. The linear array HPV test was used to determine HPV genotypes present in the specimens. Results: Oral HPV were identified in 20% (n = 6) of the patients, of which two had infection with two HPV types. Genital HPV was found in 96.7% (n = 29) of the women, of which only 14 had cytological abnormalities on Papanicolau smear. Infection with multiple HPV types were present in 93.1% (n = 27) of the patients, with an average of four HPV types per individual. Conclusions: South African HIV‐positive women with CD4 counts less than 300 cells per ml have a significant risk of cervical HPV strains and multiple strain infection of the cervix. The prevalence of HPV in normal oral mucosa was low but high‐risk types were present. Limited correlation between oral HPV types and those identified in the cervical mucosa was found.     

正常口腔黏膜和口腔鳞癌中人乳头瘤病毒感染率的研究进展

黏膜高危型HPV-16、HPV-18感染是宫颈癌的主要致病因素,且与口腔鳞癌的发生密切相关,但目前对口腔鳞癌中HPV的感染率和亚型的分布尚不十分清楚。作者系统查阅了目前已经发表的有关HPV在正常口腔黏膜或口腔鳞癌中感染率和亚型分布的文献资料,对正常口腔黏膜、口腔鳞癌中人乳头瘤病毒的感染率的研究进展进行了综述。     

Pseudomembranous oral candidiasis in HIV infection: Ultrastructural findings

A light and electron microscopic investigation of pseudomembranous candidiasis in HIV infection was undertaken as there is little data available on the ultrastructural features of the invasive phase of Candida in this disease. On examination of biopsy specimens of four patients, histopathology revealed the classic features of superficial candidiasis, including hyphal penetration down to the spinous cell layer, parakeratosis, acanthosis and spongiosis of the infected, superficial epithelium. However, in one case, hyphae traversed the entire epithelium and crossed the basal membrane, invading the adjacent connective tissue. Ultrastructural investigations revealed initial hyphal penetration through the intercellular spaces, possibly demonstrating thigmotropism. However, hyphal penetration was not solely confined to intercellular spaces, as some specimens demonstrated hyphal elements traversing both the cytoplasm and the nuclei of the spinous cells. In these areas of the epithelium appressoria-like appendages were often found at the hyphal tip. These phenomena, commonly described in plant fungi, have rarely been described in human material. Pools of desmosomes were seen in the vicinity of the hyphal pathways, implying that the penetration procedure is associated with detachment and congregation of desmosomes, possibly by enzymatic means. Interestingly, the host immune response to fungal invasion appeared to be minimal, as no immune-effector cells were seen closely associated with either the blastospores or the hyphae in any of the tissues examined. Whether the foregoing events are exaggerated by the abortive immune response seen in HIV-infected patients, or common in immunocompetent individuals during candidal invasion of epithelia, needs to be ascertained by further studies.     

Comparative study of HPV prevalence in Japanese and North-east Chinese oral carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Human papillomavirus (HPV) plays a role in the development of oral carcinoma. However, the reported prevalence of HPV in oral carcinoma has varied widely. METHODS: The prevalence of HPV 16, 18 and 33 was investigated in Japanese and North-east Chinese oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) with polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The expression of p53 protein was examined immunohistochemically. RESULTS: HPV 16 and 18 were detected in 7 (23.3%) and 10 (33.3%) of 30 Japanese and 11 (36.7%) and 5 (16.7%) of 30 Chinese samples, respectively. HPV 16 and 18 coinfection was detected in 3/30 Japanese and 2/30 Chinese samples. HPV 33 was not detected. There was no significant correlation between HPV 16 and 18 and the sites, gender, age and histological grade. The prevalence of both HPV 16 and 18 was similar and higher in the Japanese and North-east Chinese samples (46.7% each). HPV 16 or/and 18 infection or/and p53 overexpression were in 22 (73.3%) of 30 Japanese samples and 24 (80.0%) of 30 North-east Chinese samples, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: HPV 16/18 infection or/and p53 overexpression may play an important role in developing some OSCCs. and the presence of HPV sequences and mutant p53 are not necessarily mutually exclusive.