胰腺假性囊肿治疗方式的选择与评价

目的 对胰腺假性囊肿的治疗方式和效果进行评价。方法 对1990年1月至2002年3月收治的114例胰腺假性囊肿的处理方式、效果及并发症进行回顾性分析。结果 25例未行手术治疗,其中23例在随访期间囊肿自行吸收。CT引导下经皮置管引流组29例,有效率67．85％。外科手术治疗60例,死亡率5％(3／60),手术方式包括：外引流8例,死亡率12．5％(1／8);假性囊肿切除13例;囊肿十二指肠吻合1例;囊肿胃吻合19例,术后消化道出血的发生率为36．8％(7／19),死亡率5．26％(1／19);囊肿空肠Roux-en-Y吻合19例,术后消化道出血的发生率为15．8％(3／19),死亡率5．26％(1／19)。结论 CT引导下经皮置管引流创伤小,操作相对简单,是传统开腹外引流术的有效替代方式。虽然微创技术使胰腺假性囊肿的治疗方式多样化,但仍有不少患者需要外科手术治疗。囊肿胃吻合术后消化道出血的发生率高于囊肿空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术,但多数易于控制,仍然是一种简单合理的内引流术式。对于难以排除恶性的假性囊肿,应尽量手术切除。     

胰腺假性囊肿治疗方式的临床分析

目的对胰腺假性囊肿的治疗方式和临床效果进行分析。方法对2002年1月至2008年6月收治的42例胰腺假性囊肿的治疗方式、效果、并发症进行回顾性分析。结果非手术治疗4例,在随访期间均能自行吸收;手术治疗38例:包括胰腺假性囊肿-胃吻合9例,术后有1例出现吻合口出血;囊肿-十二指肠吻合2例;囊肿-空肠Roux-en-Y吻合21例,术后有2例出现吻合口出血;腹腔镜囊肿-胃内引流术1例;胰腺假性囊肿外引流术2例,术后有1例出现胰瘘;胰腺假性囊肿切除术3例,术后有1例出现胰漏。结论胰腺假性囊肿的治疗已趋于多样化,需根据患者的具体病情来选择不同的治疗方式;手术治疗中囊肿内引流术仍是主要术式,根据囊肿的具体情况选择不同的吻合方式;其中腹腔镜胰腺假性囊肿-胃内引流术,安全微创,疗效确切,值得推广。     

胰腺假性囊肿的外科治疗

目的 探讨序贯式外-内引流术治疗胰腺假性囊肿的指征，评价不同术式治疗胰腺假性囊肿的疗效。方法 对85例胰腺假性囊肿患者的临床资料及随访结果进行分析。结果 85例中，9例经非手术治愈，其余行外引流术22例，囊肿-空肠／胃引流术53例(其中序贯式外-内引流术24例)，囊肿胃引流术后复发再次行囊肿空肠序贯式外-内引流术1例。78例门诊随诊6个月～5年，7例随诊2～3个月。接受非手术及内引流术或序贯式外-内引流术者无复发；行囊肿外引流术的22例中，9例痊愈，13例因胰瘘或囊肿复发行瘘道或囊肿空肠／胃引流术痊愈。结论 囊肿内引流术效果优良；胃／空肠序贯式外-内引流术兼具外、内引流术的优点，疗效优于外引流术而与内引流术相当。     

胰腺假性囊肿43例诊治体会

目的探讨胰腺假性囊肿的外科手术治疗方式。方法回顾性分析43例胰腺假性囊肿患者的临床资料,其中行单纯囊肿外引流术8例(18.6%),单纯囊肿切除10例(23.3%),囊肿切除、胰尾部+脾切除术3例(7.0%),囊肿空肠Roux-en-Y吻合19例(44.2%),囊肿胃吻合3例(7.0%)。结果术后发生并发症6例:1例囊肿胃吻合患者术后出现消化道出血,2例单纯囊肿外引流患者发生胰漏,1例囊肿空肠吻合者术后发生逆行感染,切口感染2例。随访37例,复发急性胰腺炎1例。结论胰腺假性囊肿在经保守治疗度过急性期后,应根据病情选择合适的术式治疗。     

胰腺假性囊肿41例诊治体会

目的探讨胰腺假性囊肿的诊断及外科手术治疗方式。方法回顾性分析行手术治疗的41例胰腺假性囊肿患者的临床资料,其中行单纯囊肿外引流术7例（17．1％）,单纯囊肿切除10例（24．4％）,囊肿及胰尾部切除＋脾切除术3例（7．3％）,囊肿空肠Roux-en-Y吻合18例（43．9％）,囊肿胃吻合3例（7．3％）。结果术后发生并发症8例（19．5％）,1例囊肿胃吻合术患者术后2d出现消化道出血,经非手术治疗而痊愈出院;2例患者（单纯囊肿外引流术1例,囊肿空肠Roux-en-Y吻合1例）早期出现不全性肠梗阻,经过保守治疗出院;2例单纯囊肿外引流术患者术后出现胰瘘,1例胰瘘经保守治疗治愈,另外1例因长期胰瘘而再行瘘管空肠吻合术而治愈;1例囊肿空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术后出现逆行感染,经抗炎保守治疗后病情缓解;全组切口感染2例,1例保守换药,另1例换药后行二期缝合均获痊愈。无手术死亡病例。随访37例,时间6个月～5年,平均（3．3±1．9）年,2例单纯囊肿切除术患者于术后1年复发,经保守治疗症状缓解。结论胰腺假性囊肿在经保守治疗渡过急性期后,应根据需要采取个体化的外科治疗方案。     

腹腔镜胰腺假性囊肿内引流及胰腺远端切除的初步体会

目的探讨腹腔镜下胰腺假性囊肿-胃内引流术和保留脾脏胰腺远端切除术(Kimura法)的可行性和安全性。方法总结完全腹腔镜下1例胰腺假性囊肿-胃内引流术和4例保留脾脏胰腺远端切除术(Kimura法)的治疗体会。结果胰腺假性囊肿-胃内引流手术时间150 min,出血量150 ml。术后胰腺假性囊肿明显缩小,脾静脉受压明显缓解。4例胰腺远端切除平均手术时间245 min,平均出血量180 ml,平均住院时间7.8 d。1例胰腺远端切除患者术后1个月复查时发现胰腺断端旁有假性囊肿形成,直径约3 cm,观察6个月后囊肿无变化。5例患者中位随访时间8.2月,胰腺假性囊肿及肿瘤均无复发。结论腹腔镜下胰腺假性囊肿-胃内引流术和保留脾脏胰腺远端切除术(Kimura法)是安全可行的,具有创伤小、术后恢复快等优点,但适应症的选择至关重要。     

胰腺假性囊肿48例报告

目的 总结胰腺假性囊肿的治疗经验.方法 回顾性分析2000年1月至2012年12月收治的48例胰腺假性囊肿的临床资料.结果 非手术治疗8例,在随访期间均能自行吸收;手术治疗40例:包括胰腺假性囊肿胃吻合11例,术后有1例出现吻合口出血;囊肿十二指肠吻合1例;囊肿空肠Roux-en-Y吻合23例,术后有2例出现吻合口出血;胰腺假性囊肿外引流术3例,术后有1例出现胰瘘;胰腺假性囊肿切除术2例,术后有1例出现胰瘘.结论 胰腺假性囊肿的治疗方法已趋于多样化,应根据患者的具体病情来选择适宜的治疗方式;手术治疗中囊肿内引流术仍是主要术式,根据囊肿的具体情况选择不同的吻合方式.     

胰腺假性囊肿的外科处理

胰腺假性囊肿一般继发于急性坏死性胰腺炎和胰腺损伤。临床上，多根据囊肿形成的部位进行内引流术，常见的引流方式有胃囊肿吻合、十二指肠囊肿吻合、空肠囊肿吻合。本文结合有关文献，就1991年3月～2005年3月笔者所处理的62例胰腺假性囊肿在手术时机及手术方式上的体会进行探讨如下。     

假性胰腺囊肿经胃外引流术

巨大胰腺假性囊肿（下称囊肿）必须采取外科手术治疗,传统的手术方式采用外引流或内引流术。但二者各有其适应证和优缺点。兼有内、外引流术的优点,而又摒弃了各自缺点的经胃外引流术是治疗巨大胰腺假性囊肿的理想手术方式。我们近４年来采用经胃外引流术治疗巨大胰腺假...     

假性胰腺囊肿的治疗体会(附30例报告)

目的探讨假性胰腺囊肿的治疗方法。方法回顾性分析1990年12月~2004年12月间30例假性胰腺囊肿的治疗方法。结果30例病人中非手术治疗6例,行囊肿外引流术2例,囊肿胃吻合术5例,囊肿空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术16例,囊肿及胰尾脾切除术1例。术后1例死亡,2例行二期手术,其余随访效果较好。结论假性胰腺囊肿大部分需手术治疗,应根据囊肿部位、大小及病人全身情况选择手术方式。     

Are cystgastrostomy and cystjejunostomy equivalent operations for pancreatic pseudocysts?

To compare the effectiveness of cystgastrostomy and cystjejunostomy for treatment of pancreatic pseudocysts, 39 patients with cystgastrostomy were compared to 59 patients with cystjejunostomy. The groups were comparable in age, sex, cause of pancreatitis, pseudocyst location, symptoms, and preoperative serum amylase level. Cysts treated with cystgastrostomy were larger (mean diameter, 11.1 +/- 0.9 cm) than cysts treated by cystjejunostomy (mean diameter, 6.7 +/- 0.7 cm) (p less than 0.05). Mean duration of surgery was 148 +/- 11 minutes for cystgastrostomy versus 265 +/- 15 minutes for cystjejunostomy (p less than 0.05). Mean blood loss was 397 +/- 82 ml for cystgastrostomy versus 703 +/- 80 ml for cystjejunostomy (p less than 0.05) Mean intraoperative fluid requirements were 2640 +/- 313 ml for cystgastrostomy and 4403 +/- 362 ml for cystjejunostomy (p less than 0.05). Cyst recurrence was 10% for cystgastrostomy versus 7% for cystgastrostomy. Postoperative gastrointestinal bleeding occurred in 8% of patients with cystgastrostomy and in 2% of patients with cystjejunostomy. Infection problems with cystjejunostomy included two wound infections and one case of septicemia; infection problems with cystjejunostomy included five intraabdominal abscesses, two wound infections, and one case of pneumonia. Two patients died with cystgastrostomy (both from gastrointestinal bleeding); two patients died with cystjejunostomy (one from intraabdominal sepsis and one from pulmonary embolus). Cystgastrostomy was used for significantly larger pseudocysts and was associated with significantly less blood loss and operating time than cystjejunostomy (p less than 0.05). Morbidity and mortality from cystgastrostomy and cystjejunostomy were comparable, although gastrointestinal bleeding was more common with cystgastrostomy and intraabdominal abscess was more common with cystjejunostomy. Since cystgastrostomy can usually be performed more quickly and with less blood loss, it should be considered whenever anatomically feasible.     

胰腺假性囊肿的治疗研究

目的评价胰腺假性囊肿不同治疗方式的效果。方法对1990年1月至2003年4月收治的128例胰腺假性囊肿不同处理方式的效果及并发症进行回顾性分析。结果128例患者中30例未行手术治疗,其中3例失访,27例在随访期间囊肿自行吸收。B超引导下经皮置管引流组22例,有效率60%。外科手术治疗76例,死亡率5.3%(4/76),手术方式包括:外引流10例,死亡率20%(2/10);囊肿胃吻合术14例,术后消化道出血的发生率为42.9%(6/14),死亡率7.1%(1/14);囊肿空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术28例,术后消化道出血的发生率10.7%(3/28),死亡率0%;囊肿十二指肠吻合术3例,死亡率33.3%(1/3);假性囊肿切除术21例。结论B超引导下经皮置管引流创伤小,操作相对简单,但尚未能完全取代传统手术。囊肿胃吻合术后消化道出血的发生率高于囊肿空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术。对于怀疑为真性囊肿或囊腺癌者,应尽量手术切除。     

Management of pancreatic pseudocysts

Between 1969 and 1987, 68 patients with pancreatic pseudocysts were treated. The median cyst size was 10 cm (range 2-25 cm). Nine patients were managed conservatively with resolution of the pseudocyst occurring in eight patients. These patients had significantly smaller (median 4 cm) cysts compared with those in both percutaneously and surgically treated patients (P less than 0.01). In 22 patients the pseudocysts (median 9 cm) were punctured percutaneously under ultrasound guidance and the cyst fluid was aspirated or drained through a catheter. Complete resolution occurred in 13 patients after 1-4 (mean 1.8) punctures per patient, regression occurred in six patients after 1-4 (mean 2.0) puncture procedures per patient and three were unchanged. No complications were noted, except that two patients treated percutaneously required additional surgery. Thirty-seven patients were managed surgically (median cyst size 11 cm) with external drainage (12 patients), cystgastrostomy (17 patients), cystduodenostomy (three patients) cystjejunostomy (three patients) and pancreatic resection (two patients). Resolution of the cyst was noted in 29 patients, regression in five and three were unchanged. Five patients required additional surgery. Twelve complications were seen in ten patients (27 per cent), most frequently after external drainage. One patient died after surgical treatment. Mean hospital stay was 13 days among patients treated conservatively and 30 days in both percutaneously and surgically treated patients. Aspiration or catheter drainage of pseudocyst fluid guided by ultrasonography seems a safe and effective treatment of pancreatic pseudocysts and should be considered as initial therapy. If surgery is required cystgastrostomy is preferred.     

Management of pancreatic pseudocysts

BACKGROUND: This review analyses the outcome for patients with acute and chronic pancreatic pseudocysts managed in two major referral centres. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From 1987 to 1997, 33 patients were treated with either acute (n = 19) or chronic (n = 14) pseudocysts. Procedures performed included cystgastrostomy (64%), cystduodenostomy (6%), cystjejunostomy (3%), distal pancreatectomy with resection of pseudocyst (12%), laparotomy with external drainage (9%), endoscopic transpapillary stenting (3%) and endoscopic pancreatic duct sphincterotomy with percutaneous drainage of the pseudocyst (3%). RESULTS: All patients had resolution of their pseudocyst and no patient developed recurrence. There were no deaths in this series. There was a 9% incidence of major complications and a 21% incidence of minor complications. Outcome was excellent in 63% and good in 27% of patients. Two patients (6%) had persistent chronic pain and one patient (3%) had evidence of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency with malabsorption. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical internal drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts can be performed safely with low morbidity and mortality provided patients are carefully selected and their medical management is optimized. Although minimally invasive techniques now offer a variety of treatment options, open surgical drainage is still indicated for a significant number of cases.     

胰腺假性囊肿内引流术式的研究

目的：探讨胰腺假性囊肿内引流术的术式选择。
方法：回顾性分析13余年收治且行囊肿内引流治疗的胰腺假性囊肿62例的临床资料,着重探讨手术方法以及效果。
结果：全组均经B超或/和CT以及术后病理学检查明确胰腺假性囊肿的诊断。行囊肿空肠Roux-en-Y型吻合术的31例,术后囊肿感染发生率为9.7%（3/31）,消化道出血发生率为3.2%（1/31）,无死亡病例。行囊肿胃吻合术的16例,术后囊肿感染发生率为12.5%（2/16）,消化道出血发生率为37.5%（6/16）,病死率为6.25%（1/16）。行序贯式囊肿外、内引流术的15例,术后囊肿感染发生率为6.7%（1/15）,消化道出血发生率为13.3%（2/15）,无死亡者。
结论：囊肿空肠Roux-en-Y型吻合术是安全有效的术式;对适宜行囊肿胃吻合术的囊肿,建议行序贯式囊肿外、内引流术。     

Stapled laparoscopic cystgastrostomy

Background The goal of this study was to assess the clinical outcome of patients undergoing laparoscopic stapled cystgastrostomy for pancreatic pseudocysts in contact with the posterior wall of the stomach.Methods We performed a case note review of all patients who have undergone stapled laparoscopic cystgastrostomy in Norwich, UK. The cystgastrostomy was fashioned through an anterior gastrotomy using a vascular ETS stapling device in all cases.Results Fifteen patients have undergone stapled laparoscopic cystgastrostomy. The procedure was completed successfully in 12 patients. Three procedures were converted to open surgery for technical reasons. There were no complications due to bleeding from the cystgastrostomy. Early complications included systemic sepsis (one), bleeding gastric ulcer (one) and pseudocyst recurrence due to partial closure of the cystgastrostomy (two). No late recurrences or other complications have been found at a median follow-up of 37 months.Conclusion Stapled laparoscopic cystgastrostomy is a safe and effective procedure for draining pancreatic pseudocysts in contact with the posterior wall of the stomach. The use of a hemostatic stapling device to fashion the cystgastrostomy may reduce the risk of catastrophic hemorrhage from the pseudocyst wall.     

Laparoscopic pancreatic cystogastrostomy

The purpose of the review was to evaluate the feasibility and outcome of laparoscopic pancreatic cystogastrostomy for operative drainage of symptomatic pancreatic pseudocysts. A retrospective review of all patients who underwent laparoscopic pancreatic cystogastrostomy between June 1997 and July 2001 was performed. Data regarding etiology of pancreatitis, size of pseudocyst, operative time, complications, and pseudocyst recurrence were collected and reported as median values with ranges. Laparoscopic pancreatic cystogastrostomy was attempted in 6 patients. Pseudocyst etiology included gallstone pancreatitis (3), alcohol-induced pancreatitis (2), and post-ERCP pancreatitis (1). The cystogastrostomy was successfully performed laparoscopically in 5 of 6 patients. However, the procedure was converted to open after creation of the cystgastrostomy in 1 of these patients. There were no complications in the cases completed laparoscopically and no deaths in the entire group. No pseudocyst recurrences were observed with a median followup of 44 months (range 4-59 months). Laparoscopic pancreatic cystgastrostomy is a feasible surgical treatment of pancreatic pseudocysts with a resultant low pseudocyst recurrence rate, length of stay, and low morbidity and mortality.     

Laparoscopic pancreatic cystgastrostomy

Background/Purpose: Internal drainage of acute pancreatic pseudocysts is indicated after the first 6 weeks of pseudocyst documentation. It is also indicated for symptomatic chronic pseudocysts 6 cm or more in diameter. When a pseudocyst is in close contact with the posterior wall of the stomach, it is best drained by pseudocyst gastrostomy. Methods: Intragastric surgical techniques were used in 18 patients with retrogastric pseudocysts. Intragastric ports were successfully placed in all patients, and the presence of pseudocysts was confirmed by needle aspiration in 17. Results: The intragastric approach was successful in 14 patients. In three cases a small abdominal would 8 cm in length was needed. The reasons for such conversion included uncontrollable bleeding from the cystic wall in two cases and a cystic wall in contact with, but not adherent to, the posterior gastric wall in one. Bleeding was controlled through a gastrotomy, and cystgastrostomy was performed. The wound required for conversion was much smaller than that needed for planned open surgery. These procedures are called laparoscopy-assisted cystgastrostomy. Good short- and long-term results were obtained. One patient, in whom the cystgastrostomy was too small, developed a cyst infection and underwent reoperation. Except for this case, no recurrence was observed, and no further treatment was needed. Conclusions: This experience demonstrates that cystgastrostomy with the intragastric surgical technique is a safe, less invasive procedure for effectively draining a retrogastric pseudocyst. Received: April 20, 2002 / Accepted: May 13, 2002 Offprint requests to: T. Mori