Introducing medical students to medical informatics

Summary. Medical informatics ( MI ) has been introduced to medical students in several countries. Before outlining a course plan it was necessary to conduct a survey on students' computer literacy. A questionnaire was designed for students, focusing on knowledge and previous computer experience. The questions reproduced a similar questionnaire submitted to medical students from North Carolina University in Chapel Hill ( NCU ). From the results it is clear that although almost 80% of students used computers, less than 30% used general purpose applications, and utilization of computer-aided search of databases or use in the laboratory was exceptional. Men reported more computer experience than women in each area investigated by our questionnaire but this did not appear to be related to academic performance, age or course. Our main objectives when planning an MI course were to give students a general overview of the medical applications of computers and instruct them in the use of computers in future medical practice. As our medical school uses both Apple Macintosh and IBM compatibles, we decided to provide students with basic knowledge of both. The programme was structured with a mix of theoretico-practical lectures and personalized practical sessions in the computer laboratory. As well as providing a basic overview of medical informatics, the course and computer laboratory were intended to encourage other areas of medicine to incorporate the computer into their teaching programmes.     

电子病案与医疗保险

目的 为了早日实现电子病案的普及与全民医疗保险网上自动审核与赔付. 方法 从目前电子病案与医疗保险报销制度存在的问题,以及有效的解决途径等方面进行了探讨. 结果 加强电子病案生成质量的管理与网络安全管理的法制化,是实现电子病案与医疗保险网上赔付,降低患者的医疗成本,为社会各界提供方便、安全、快捷信息服务的保障. 结论 实现电子病案与医疗保险数字化、信息化数据交换平台,是促进、推广电子病案与医疗保险网上赔付的纽带,是医院人性化、社会化、信息化管理发展的必然趋势.     

履行医疗合同减少医疗纠纷

近年来，医患关系紧张，全国范围内的医疗纠纷的数量呈不同程度的上升和增长；而医疗纠纷发生的范围之广、种类之多、速度之快也令人始料不及。过去发生医疗纠纷一般都有明显的医疗事件，而现今医疗纠纷发生前往往没有明显征兆，一些与医疗技术无直接关系的纠纷增加明显。主要表现在患者认为医疗机构、医务人员不尊重其知情同意权，在医疗效果不满意时认为医院存在欺骗，从而诱发了医疗纠纷；此外患者在住院治疗期间发生了一些与治疗无关的事件，如患者财物丢失、隐私极罟到停犯、病历姜失等．     

论医疗卫生机构的医疗废物管理

医疗废物是一类危险性大、社会影响广泛、来源及危害性明确的特殊危险废物,是指医疗卫生机构在医疗、预防、保健以及其他相关活动中产生的具有直接和间接感染性、毒性以及其他危害性的废物,《中华人民共和国固体废物污染环境防治法》将医疗废物归类为危险废物。为了加强对医疗废物的安全管理,防止其对人体的危害及环境的污染,国务院制定的《医疗废物管理条例》和卫生部制定的《医疗卫生机构医疗废物管理办法》中明确要求对医疗废物必须进行无害化处理。     

医疗安全与医疗纠纷管理

1　医疗安全概述1.1　医疗安全的概念医疗安全是指医疗机构在实施医疗活动过程中 ,病人不发生法律和规定规章制度允许范围以外的心里、机体或功能上的损害、障碍、缺陷或死亡等情况。医疗安全是医院安全工作的着眼点 ,医疗安全管理是医院质量管理的核心 ,医疗质量管理又是医院管理的生命 ,医疗安全管理不到位 ,医疗质量就无法保证 ,医院管理水平也难得到提高。1.2　医疗安全常常体现在以下 4个方面1.2 .1　医疗安全将产生高质量的医疗效果　医疗不安全将会导致与医疗效果向反方向发展 ,如 :开错处方、打错针、发错药、发错误报告、医疗器械…     

医疗缺陷与医疗纠纷的剖析

如何加强医疗缺陷的控制，正确处理医疗纠纷是医院管理者面临的新难题。据１５年统计，医疗差错是造成医疗纠纷的主要原因，在市场经济新形势下，重大医疗纠纷的处理时间日趋延长。因此，物院针对医疗纠纷直接责任者主要是口腔外科医生的特点，狠抓重点科室及关键环节的防范，减少纠纷发生。     

Changing attitudes of medical teachers towards medical education

If medical education is to improve, this is largely dependent upon the attitudes of clinical teachers towards their own teaching and their students' learning. The aims and objectives of our workshop method of medical teacher training therefore includes some in the affective domain. Based on the theory of cognitive dissonance the experience-linked practical problem solving approach of the workshop encourages behaviour change, presuming this to cause 'attitude change'. Testing by means of a specially constructed and validated Likert-type attitude scale shows that attitudes do improve significantly and consistently over the 5 days of our workshops. A follow-up study shows these effects to be maintained and taken back to the participants' own medical schools.     

如何从医疗纠纷中区分医疗事故

医疗事故与医疗纠纷界定不清是医患纠纷双方最为关注的问题,该文通过对医疗事故与医疗纠纷的概念区分入手,着重分析了医疗事故构成的要件,为区分医疗纠纷与医疗事故提供了客观全面的思路。     

医疗救援卫生耗材的保障策略

目的:加强医疗救援卫生耗材的应急保障。方法:分析日常医疗耗材的供应基础和要求,明确应急医疗耗材供应的管理要素。结果:应急医疗耗材的供应保障需要更多的经验积累和科学统筹的管理。结论:应该充分重视应急医疗救援的耗材供应,克服管理混乱的弊端,才能保障应急救援工作更快捷、更顺利、更精细。     

野战医疗队医疗信息化探讨

探讨了野战医疗队信息化的目的和意义．详细分析了病员到达野战医疗队以及后送到医院期间医疗信息化的内容．研究了医疗信息化的远程保障、硬件支持及应用前景。     

The principles of medical ethics and medical research

In this paper I discuss the application of the principles of medical ethics and of medical research to the case of children and others whose consent to treatment and to research is problematic. Public health depends substantially on the possibility of ongoing research into all conditions which affect the health of the people. Constraints on this research are therefore a public health issue. Moreover and more importantly the possibility of predictive testing and indeed of screening for health-relevant conditions is an important public health tool, and limitations on the use of this tool are of great significance to public health medicine. Having considered the particular problems created by research and predictive testing on children for late-onset conditions I go on to discuss research on those whose consent is problematic more generally. I conclude with radical recommendations for the reform of The Declaration of Helsinki and of the International Ethics Guidelines for Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects, prepared by the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS).     

某院109例医疗纠纷中医方缺陷分析

医疗纠纷是指患者或其亲属认为医疗单位或者医护人员提供的诊疗护理服务有过错并造成患者人身、财产、精神的损害,而与医疗单位或卫生行政主管部门或医疗事故鉴定机构之间产生的争执[1]。近年来,医疗纠纷日渐增多,医患冲突不断升级,已成为困扰医院发展的严峻问题。作为医疗中主     

医疗设备档案与医疗设备管理

文章结合实际工作经验。从四个方面详细阐述了做好医疗设备档案管理的重要意义。     

Trends in medical microbiology--gene probes in medical microbiology

At first the principle of nucleic acid hybridisation, some important technics used heretofore, and methods to label nucleic acids are described. The advantages and disadvantages regarding to the application to microbiological diagnostics are discussed. The advantage, before all, is the high specificity of the test which allows to detect the presence and the properties of genes which are not expressed. The methods known up to now can only be applied if the probe is labelled radioactively, since under these conditions the sensitivity is high enough to identify bacteria contained in clinical isolates without prior cultivation. The comparable complex methods are restricted, presently, to special mostly epidemiological problems. To improve these technics regarding increased sensitivity, to the use of non-radioactively labelled probes, to higher speed, and to the automation of the test internationally much work is carried out with great intensity. The solution of these problems will create conditions for a wide application of DNA probes in the general microbiological laboratory.     

Inner city deprivation and medical education: a survey of medical students by medical students

A total of 330 preclinical and clinical medical students and house officers at St Mary's Hospital were surveyed by questionnaire to assess their knowledge and experience of inner city deprivation and health, and their opinions on the role of the doctor in responding to these problems. The response rate was 87%. Over 75% of the respondents had had no experience of inner city living conditions before coming to medical school, and they gained little experience during the medical course until well into the clinical years. Most preclinical students wanted more contact with the community early in the course; less than one-third of the clinical students wanted this. The differences in knowledge and attitudes between the year groups are discussed and possible reorientation in medical education is considered.     

医疗保健与医疗保险特征及其相互关系研究

分析医疗保健和医疗保险的特征，并对两个领域及其相互联系进行探究，为如何发挥公共机制和市场机制在医疗保障中的作用提供理论依据。