胃癌合并多发性肝转移 11例外科治疗

目的探讨胃癌并多发性肝转移外科治疗的疗效.方法回顾性分析胃癌并多发性肝转移 11例的临床资料.结果全部病例均行相对根治性远端胃大部切除并肝动脉化疗栓塞术.无手术死亡.术后中位生存时间 12.5个月. 8例死于肝转移, 3例死于腹膜转移.结论对加以选择的胃癌并多发性肝转移患者实施相对根治性胃切除并肝动脉化疗栓塞术可延长生存期.     

腹腔镜下残胃癌切除术的临床应用

目的 探讨腹腔镜下残胃癌切除术的安全性及可行性.方法 回顾性分析2009年4月至2012年2月期间兰州军区兰州总医院普外科收治的12例施行腹腔镜残胃癌手术切除患者的临床资料,分析手术方式、方法,评价其疗效.结果 12例残胃癌患者中,在腹腔镜下完成根治性残胃切除9例,姑息性残胃切除2例,中转开腹行姑息性残胃切除1例.术后均获得随访,随访时间为6～28个月,发生肝转移死亡2例,发生腹膜转移死亡2例,余8例患者仍生存.结论 腹腔镜下残胃癌手术切除技术上安全可行,近期疗效满意.     

直肠癌肝转移的手术治疗

目的探讨直肠癌肝转移的手术治疗效果。方法回顾性分析186例直肠癌肝转移的临床资料,根据治疗方法分为两组：肝切除组（A组）96例,行直肠癌根治术的同时Ⅰ期行肝切除术,83例同时行FOLFOX方案化疗或TPVCE介入治疗;未切肝组（B组）90例,行直肠癌根治性切除术,术后行FOLFOX方案化疗或TPVCE介入治疗58例,联合术中瘤体注射无水酒精20例,联合放疗12例。分析手术效果及术后生存率。结果A组1例死于肝功能衰竭致肝昏迷,1例吻合口漏致腹腔感染死亡,B组1例死于吻合口漏所致感染性休克。患者术后1、3年累积生存率A组分别为79．8％和44．2％,B组分别为55．1％和20．1％,A组中位生存时间为19（5～38）月,B组为14（3—37）月,两组生存率和中位生存时间有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论手术切除是直肠癌肝转移最佳的治疗方法,手术及化疗可以提高生存率、降低复发率。     

外科治疗胃癌肝转移疗效分析

目的探讨外科治疗胃癌肝转移的方法与疗效。方法1996年1月至2003年12月间行外科治疗的胃癌肝转移患者25例，17例为同时性肝转移，8例为术后发现的异时性肝转移。其中单转移灶15例，多转移灶10例。行不规则肝切除16例，左外叶切除4例，左叶切除3例，右叶切除2例，术后行肝动脉灌注化疗9例，肝动脉化疗栓塞16例。结果1例同时性肝切除患者术后死于肺部感染、成人呼吸窘迫综合征，余24例均获随访，中位时间25(7—60)个月。胃癌肝转移灶切除后1、3年生存率为68．5％和29．8％，原发癌浸润表浅、淋巴结转移少、单转移灶、异时性转移及转移灶有包膜是影响生存率的有利因素。结论同时及异时性胃癌肝转移可经外科手术切除肝转移灶，但应注意手术指征的把握。     

胃癌肝转移31例外科治疗体会

目的 探讨胃癌肝转移的外科治疗效果.方法 对我院1997年10月～2006年10月收治的原发性胃癌338例中伴肝转移的31例的临床资料进行回顾性分析.对其中施行同时性胃癌肝转移灶切除术(切除组)的19例和仅行胃癌根治术而未行肝转移灶切除术(未切除组)的12例的术后生存时间进行对比.结果 全组除1例术后死于肝功能衰竭外,其余30例均获得随访.胃癌肝转移灶切除术后1年、3年和5年生存率分别为83.3%、44.4%和33.3%;未切除组术后1年生存率为50.0%,3年及5年生存率为0.两组术后生存时间有显著性差异(P＜0.05).切除组病例中有68.4%在肿瘤和周围肝组织间形成纤维假膜.结论 假包膜形成是有利的预后因素.对于胃癌肝转移病人,特别是有假包膜形成者采用外科治疗预后更好.     

胃癌肝转移的手术治疗

目的 探讨胃癌肝转移行肝切除术的适应证及疗效。方法 对1990年1月至1999年11月间施行肝切除的24例胃癌肝转移患的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 本组同时性肝转移19例，异时性转移5例。共施行肝段叶切除8例，肝部分切除16例；19例同时性肝转移患均在肝切除的同时加行根治性胃切除术。术后并发肝昏迷死亡l例。手术死亡率为4．2％。全组22例获得随访。术后1年、3年和5年生存率分别为45．5％、18．2％和9．1％。生存分析显示，肝切除术后的生存率不仅与胃癌原发灶的分化程度、有无浆膜面浸润和淋巴结转移有关，而且与肝转移灶的数目及其在肝脏内的分布范围有关。结论对于胃癌孤立性肝转移患，其原发病灶可根治切除的应积极采用手术治疗，部分患可获长期生存。     

胃肝样腺癌的临床病理分析

目的 探讨胃肝样腺癌的病理组织学特点、生物学行为及临床诊断和治疗。方法 分析经手术及病理证实的胃肝样腺癌20例，其中14例行根治性胃大部切除术，3例行全胃切除术，3例因伴肝转移而行全胃切除术加肝转移灶切除术。结果 光镜下观察本组最具特征的组织学表现为玻璃样小体、广泛性侵犯静脉；免疫组化甲胎蛋白、α-胰蛋白酶、α-糜蛋白酶均呈阳性；电镜下可见癌细胞围成腔样，类似于毛细管结构，腔面有微绒毛，细胞膜相连处有连接复合体。随访1-5年，死亡12例，其中11例死于胃肝样腺癌广泛转移，1例死于腹腔种植性转移，其余均存活。1年、3年生存率分别为44%（8/18）、17%（3/18）。结论 胃肝样腺癌是原发于胃粘膜并具有腺癌和肝细胞癌特征的一种胃癌，分化差，易发生肝转移，预后不良。     

胃大部分切除术后残胃癌19例临床分析

目的：探讨残胃癌的早期诊断方法和手术处理方式。方法：对19例残胃癌的临床病理资料进行回顾性分析，比较胃镜和钡餐对残胃癌的诊断价值。观察根据术中探查情况采取不同手术方式对预后的影响。结果：胃镜对残胃癌的诊断率为78.9%，钡餐为47.4%。手术切除的8例中根治性残胃切除5例均存活≥3年；姑息性切除的3例，术后存活2年2例，18个月1例。行胃空肠吻合6例中4例于6个月内死亡，2例分别存活12.5个月和14个月。5例腹腔内广泛转移者仅行肿块活检术。结论：胃镜对残胃癌的诊断价值优于钡餐。根治性残胃切除患者预后较好。     

胃癌术后梗阻性黄疸的手术治疗

目的总结胃癌术后梗阻性黄疸的手术治疗效果。方法对15例胃癌术后梗阻性黄疸患者施行再手术治疗,其中根治性切除术5例,姑息性减黄术10例。结果1例行残胃切除 肝外胆道切除 胆道和消化道重建的患者术后7d死于胆瘘,其余患者黄疸平均于术后16.8(5～27)d消退。生存期平均12.9个月(7d～66个月),其中根治性切除平均24.8个月(7d～66个月),姑息性减黄手术平均7.0(2～17)个月。结论对胃癌术后梗阻性黄疸患者,条件许可时施行根治性切除术可提高根治率,延长生存时间;对无法根治者施行减黄手术可缓解症状,提高生存质量。     

肝切除、肝门-空肠吻合治疗Bismuth Ⅳ肝门部胆管癌

目的 探讨肝切除、肝门-空肠吻合治疗Bismuth Ⅳ型肝门部胆管癌.方法 9例Bismuth Ⅳ型肝门部胆管癌均行肝切除(Ⅳb段、Ⅴ段及尾状叶部分肝组织切除),胆道的重建采用肝门-空肠吻合,所有胆管分支均不结扎,均汇人肝门胆汁湖.结果 9例患者均行肝切除、达到Rο根治性切除、肝门-空肠吻合.围手术期无死亡,术后四周血清AST、ALT、TB明显下降.术后出现胆漏1例、胆道少量出血1例、伤口感染1例,4例均经保守治疗后顺利出院.Karnofsky评分平均为86分.平均随访24.9(9～42)个月,1例于术后9个月死于肿瘤肝内转移,1例于术后17个月死于肿瘤腹腔广泛转移,其余7例目前健康生存,术后已平均生存28.3个月.结论 肝切除、肝门-空肠吻合可提高肝门部胆管癌手术根治切除率、利于胆道通畅引流,延长患者生存时间.     

胃癌肝转移患者的手术治疗及预后分析

目的探讨胃癌肝转移患者手术治疗的指征和效果。方法回顾性分析我院1995年9月至2002年5月间经手术治疗的43例胃癌肝转移患者的临床资料。结果全组肝转移程度与患者性别、年龄、肿瘤侵犯深度、分化程度及有无淋巴结转移无相关关系(P>0.05)。异时性肝转移行肝切除4例,中位生存时间为35.0个月,预后明显优于同时性肝转移肝切除患者(中位生存时间10.0个月)(P=0.0233)。同时性肝转移组中,单纯胃切除32例,中位生存时间6.0个月;胃加肝切除7例,中位生存时间10.0个月,两组差异无统计学意义(P=0.2799)。不同肝转移程度姑息性胃切除术后生存时间比较,H1、H2和H33组分别为7.5、6.0和4.0个月,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.0007)。结论异时性胃癌肝转移患者肝切除术后预后良好,应争取积极手术切除;胃癌肝转移患者同期行胃加肝切除生存率未见明显改善;H3肝转移患者姑息性胃切除预后不佳。     

Surgical resection of liver metastases of gastric cancer: an analysis of a 17-year experience with 22 patients

BACKGROUND: The justification for surgical resection of liver metastases from gastric cancer remains controversial. METHODS: Twenty-two patients who underwent 26 hepatectomies for liver metastases of gastric cancer between 1985 and 2001 were analyzed. Fifteen clinicopathologic factors were evaluated with univariate and multivariate analyses for survival after hepatic resection. RESULTS: The overall 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival rates after hepatectomy for gastric metastases were 73%, 38%, and 38%, respectively. Five patients survived for more than 3 years without recurrence, 3 of whom had synchronous metastases resected at the time of gastrectomy. The best results after surgical resection for liver metastases of gastric cancer were obtained with solitary metastases less than 5 cm in size. The number of liver metastases (solitary or multiple) was the only significant prognostic factor according to both univariate and multivariate analyses. CONCLUSION: Surgical resection for liver metastases of gastric cancer may be beneficial for patients with a solitary metastasis, whether it is synchronous or metachronous.     

Analysis of the prognostic factors and evaluation of surgical treatment for synchronous liver metastases from gastric cancer

Background and aims  Whether or not a synchronous resection of liver metastases from gastric cancer provides a survival benefit has been a key issue. We identify the significant prognostic factors and clarify the beneficial effect on the survival of liver surgical treatment. Materials and methods  We reviewed 72 patients who underwent a gastrectomy for gastric cancer with synchronous liver metastases and classified the liver metastases into three grades, such as H1: metastases were limited to one of the lobes, H2: there were a few scattered metastases in both lobes, and H3: there were numerous scattered metastases. Results  H1, 2 metastases, and an absence of peritoneal dissemination (P0) were significantly independent prognostic factors for liver metastases of gastric cancer. In addition, the cumulative 1 and 5-year survival rates of liver surgical treatment (hepatic resection and/or microwave coagulation therapy) were 80.0% and 60.0%, whereas the survival rates for non-hepatic surgical treatment were 36.4% and 0% in 26 patients with H1, 2, and P0. In those patients, the radical operation, the solitary metastatic liver tumor, and no-distant lymph node metastases were independent prognostic determinants of survival. Conclusion  The radical operation including the surgical treatment for metastatic liver tumors should be performed to improve the prognosis in gastric cancer patients with synchronous H1, 2, and P0.     

胃癌根治术后肝转移的预后分析

目的探讨影响胃癌根治术后肝转移患者预后的相关因素。方法总结我院1996年至2001年间收治的胃癌根治术后发生肝转移患者87例的临床病理资料，回顾分析影响所有胃癌根治术后肝转移患者预后的相关临床病理因素。结果胃癌根治术后肝转移患者1、3和5年生存率分别为28．8％、3．6％和0，平均生存时间为（11．3±1．1）个月。单因素分析显示：原发灶部位、原发灶大小、分化程度、浸润深度、Lauren分型、淋巴结转移、血管浸润、神经浸润、腹膜转移、转移灶数目、转移灶肝内分布类型及转移灶切除与胃癌根治术后肝转移的预后显著相关。而多因素分析显示：仅原发灶部位、Lauren分型、转移灶肝内分布类型和转移灶切除是影响胃癌根治术后肝转移预后的独立因素。结论原发灶部位、Lauren分型、转移灶肝内分布类型和转移灶切除与否是评价胃癌根治术后肝转移患者预后的重要参考因素。     

胃癌同时性肝转移的临床病理分析和外科治疗效果评价

目的分析影响胃癌同时性肝转移的临床病理因素，探讨胃癌肝转移的治疗方法。方法回顾性分析1994年8月至2004年2月间收治的44例胃癌同时性肝转移患者的病例资料，并与同期收治的无转移的576例胃癌病例资料进行比较，分析影响同时性肝转移的临床病理因素。对胃癌肝转移根治性切除、姑息性切除和探查性手术的生存状况进行分析比较。结果单因素分析显示，腹水、盆结节、腹膜侵犯、浆膜浸润、淋巴结转移、周围脏器受累以及肿瘤Borrmarm分型、浸润深度都与胃癌肝转移有关（P〈0．01）；Logistic回归分析发现，腹膜侵犯（P=0．003）、浆膜浸润（P=0．000）、淋巴结转移（P=0．081）是影响胃癌肝转移最重要的因素。本组胃癌肝转移患者行根治性切除16例（36．4％），姑息性切除15例（34．1），探察性手术13例（29．5％）；中位生存期分别为19．5、11．0和6．2个月：3组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论胃癌肝转移是胃癌的晚期事件；根治性切除胃癌原发病灶和肝转移灶，仍然可以明显提高患者的生存率。     

Analysis of hepatic resection of metastasis originating from gastric adenocarcinoma

Few patients with metastatic gastric cancer have disease that is amenable to curative surgery. Thus far, little is known about liver surgery for metastases arising from gastric adenocarcinoma and prognostic factors. Of 73 patients operated on between 1980 and 1999 for noncolorectal, non-neuroendocrine hepatic metastases, 15 underwent liver resection for gastric adenocarcinoma metastasis. Ten patients underwent synchronous hepatic resection and five underwent metachronous hepatic surgery after a median diseasefree interval of 10 months (range 6.1 to 47.3 months). None of the patients died within the first 30 days after surgery, and the in-hospital mortality rate was 6.7%. Among patients in the synchronous group, 26.7% experienced major complications mainly associated with gastric surgery. Overall median survival was 8.8 months (range 4 to 51 months); two patients survived more than 3 years. Univariate analysis reealed that the appearance of liver metastasis synchronous vs. metachronous), the distribution of liver metastases (unilobar vs. bilobar), and the primary tumor site (proximal vs. distal) were marginally signifiant predictive factors regarding overall survival. Because of its high morbidity, synchronous liver resecion for metastases originating from gastric adenocarcinoma is rarely followed by survival longer than 2 years. Primary tumor localization within the proximal third of the stomach and bilobar liver involvement appear to be predictive of poor outcome. On the other hand, curative resection of metachronous liver metastases may allow long-term survival in selected patients.     

胃肠肿瘤根治联合肝移植术治疗晚期胃肠肿瘤并肝脏广泛转移

目的 总结胃肠肿瘤根治联合肝移植治疗晚期胃肠肿瘤并发肝脏多发转移的近期疗效。方法 1例胃癌和2例直肠癌并发肝脏多发转移患者，分别接受胃癌和直肠癌根治、联合原位同种异体肝移植手术，其中1例因肺结核同时行左上肺部分切除术。结果 3例患者无围手术期死亡。随访5-7个月，胃癌患者术后5个月死于肿瘤复发；1例直肠癌并肺结核患者术后7个月死于肝功能衰竭，无肿瘤复发；另1例直肠癌患者已完成3个月化疗，术后半年无复发，肝功能和血常规正常，精神食欲好，已恢复工作。结论 胃肠肿瘤根治联合肝移植为部分晚期肿瘤患者提供了生存的希望，远期效果有待进一步观察。     

Outcome of hepatic resection for metastatic gastric cancer

The role of hepatic resection for metastatic gastric cancer is less well defined due to the tendency of gastric cancer to widely metastasize. The purpose of this study is to examine the beneficial effect of hepatic resection in patients with metastatic gastric cancer. The clinicopathologic features and long-term results of 11 patients who underwent hepatic resection for metastatic gastric cancer from January 1988 to December 1996 at Seoul National University Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. All resected hepatic metastases were solitary lesions. Among eight patients with synchronous hepatic metastases, one patient with early gastric cancer and lymph node metastases (T1N2M1) remained alive for 8 years 6 months after hepatic resection without recurrence. Among three patients with metachronous hepatic metastases, two patients with advanced gastric cancer and lymph node metastases (T3N2MO, T2N1MO at the initial operation, respectively) survived 8 years 6 months and 3 years after hepatic resection, respectively. Median survival times of synchronous and metachronous hepatic metastases were 13.0 and 74.3 months, respectively. In solitary hepatic metastatic lesions from gastric cancer, surgical resection should be considered as one of the treatment options.     

A case with synchronous multiple liver metastases from gastric carcinoma: postoperative long-term disease-free survival

Purpose  We herein report a case with synchronous multiple liver metastases from gastric carcinoma surviving disease-free for more than 10 years after hepatic resection. Methods  A 64-year-old male admitted to our hospital because of constitutional wariness. Preoperative diagnosis was type 1 gastric cancer at the lower third of the stomach and multiple metastases of both hepatic lobes. After we performed distal gastrectomy with regional lymphadenectomy and wedge hepatic resection for eight metastatic liver tumors, he received 5-fluoropyrimidine and platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy during the early postoperative period. Results  The pathologic examination revealed moderately differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma with regional lymph node metastasis and multiple liver metastases. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient is doing well without disease recurrence after more than 10 years following surgery. Conclusion  To the best of our knowledge, this patient is the longest disease-free survivor after liver resection for synchronous multiple liver metastases from advanced gastric cancer. In this modern era of developing liver surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy, combination therapy of aggressive surgery and early postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer with liver metastasis may allow long-term survival in selected patients.