门控核素心肌灌注显像判断冠状动脉支架再狭窄的价值

目的:探讨门控核素心肌灌注显像(G-MPI)对冠状动脉(冠脉)支架再狭窄的诊断价值.方法:65例冠脉支架术后3个月以上的患者行两日法负荷/静息99Tcm-甲氧基异丁基异腈(MIBI) G-MPI,所有患者的G-MPI与冠脉造影(CAG)均在同期的1个月内完成,其中先做CAG检查的患者未进行再次血运重建术.以CAG为标准,分析G-MPI诊断冠脉支架再狭窄的价值.结果:65例患者的88支冠脉共置入105枚支架,随访CAG发现38.5%(25/65)的患者出现支架再狭窄,发生再狭窄的支架数为29.5%(31/105);根据典型症状诊断支架再狭窄的敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为64.0%、22.5%、38.5%;心电图运动平板试验(ETT)诊断支架再狭窄的敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为41.2%、71.9%、61.2%;G-MPI诊断支架再狭窄的敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为92.9%、86.7%、88 6%,其准确性明显优于ETT(χ2=14.173,P<0.001)和症状(χ2=42.781,P<0.001).结论:G-MPI诊断冠脉支架术后再狭窄具有良好的价值.     

腺苷负荷99m 锝-甲氧基异丁基异腈门控心肌灌注显像在冠心病诊断中的价值

目的:探讨腺苷负荷99m锝-甲氧基异丁基异腈(99mTc-MIBI)门控心肌灌注显像(G-MPI)诊断冠心病、评价冠状动脉(冠脉)病变及左心室功能的临床价值.方法:46例临床确诊或疑似的冠心病患者,分别行腺苷负荷99mTc-MIBI G-MPI及选择性冠脉造影检查,以冠脉造影为金标准,计算腺苷负荷G-MPI诊断冠心病及冠脉不同血管病变的敏感性、特异性及准确性,同时比较腺苷负荷99mTc-MIBI G-MPI的左心室射血分数(LVEF)与超声心动图的LVEF的相关性.结果:腺苷负荷99mTc-MIBI G-MPI诊断冠心病的敏感性为87.0%,特异性为81.8%,准确性为85.3%,阳性预测值为90.9%,阴性预测值为75.0%.它对判断冠脉各分支狭窄也具有较高的价值,其中左前降支敏感性为88.2%、特异性为81.8%、准确性为86.7%;左回旋支敏感性为78.6%、特异性为90.9%、准确性为84.0%;右冠脉敏感性为90.5%,特异性为72.7%,准确性为84.4%.而且,对冠脉病变支数的检出率分别为1支病变83.3%,2支病变91.7%,3支病变90.9%.腺苷负荷99mTc-MIBI G-MPI的LVEF与超声心动图的LVEF无显著差异,二者呈显著正相关(r=0.885,P=0.0001).结论:腺苷负荷99mTc-MIBI G-MPI对诊断冠心病、评价冠脉病变及左心室功能具有重要的临床价值.     

核素心肌灌注显像与电子束CT诊断冠心病的对比研究

目的 :比较核素心肌灌注显像 (SPECT)与电子束 CT(EBCT)冠状动脉钙化定量积分对冠心病 (CHD)的诊断价值。方法 :44例住院患者同时进行冠状动脉造影 (CAG)、SPECT和EBCT检查。以 CAG为金标准 ,比较 SPECT与 EBCT诊断 CHD的各项诊断指标 ,并评价平行试验和系列试验的诊断指标。结果 :SPECT诊断 CHD的敏感性为 88.9% ,特异性为 69.2 % ,准确性为 77.3% ;EBCT以钙化积分≥ 1 0分为阳性标准 ,敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为 77.8%、80 .8%及 79.5%。这两种方法对检测 CHD的价值相似 (P >0 .0 5)。 SPECT与 EBCT联合平行试验的准确性为 72 .7% ;系列试验的准确性为 86.4%。结论 :SPECT与 EBCT诊断 CHD的效率相近 ;SPECT显像和 EBCT冠状动脉钙化定量积分法均为非创伤性检查法 ,对 CHD的诊断各有优势 ,宜结合使用     

201铊断层显像对糖尿病患者并发冠心病诊断敏感性和特异性研究

目的 探讨放射性核素（201铊）心肌显像对糖尿病（DM）并发冠心病（CHD）患者的临床诊断价值。方法 将152例疑为CHD的患者分为DM组和非糖尿病（NDM）组，分别实施放射性核素（201铊）心肌显像和冠状动脉造影检查，计算两组患者放射性核素（201铊）心肌显像诊断的敏感性和特异性。结果 DM组放射性核素。“铊心肌显像诊断结果敏感性90％、特异性43％；NDM组敏感性83％、特异性67％。DM组与NDM组结果比较：敏感性差异无统计学意义，特异性差异存在统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论 DM并发CHD患者的放射性核素（201铊）存在统计学心肌显像特异性低。     

三磷酸腺苷负荷~(99m)锝—甲氧基异丁基异腈门控心肌灌注显像在评价心肌桥引起心肌缺血患者中的临床价值

目的:探讨三磷酸腺苷(ATP)负荷99m锝—甲氧基异丁基异腈(99mTc-MIBI)门控心肌灌注显像(G-MPI)对评价心肌桥患者心肌缺血的程度、部位及心功能的临床价值。方法:选择58例以冠状动脉造影或冠状动脉计算机断层血管造影术(CTA)明确诊断为心肌桥的患者,行ATP负荷99mTc-MIBI G-MPI检查,将左心室心肌短轴及垂直长轴像划分为13个节段,应用目测法按0~3分4阶法半定量评价左心室心肌各节段核素分布情况,计算左心室负荷总积分,判定心肌桥患者心肌缺血的程度及部位,并与心肌桥的严重程度进行对比。同时分析ATP负荷99mTc-MIBI G-MPI得出的左心室射血分数(LVEF)与经胸彩色多普勒超声心动图获得的LVEF的相关性。结果:ATP负荷99mTc-MIBI G-MPI对心肌桥患者心肌缺血的检出率为82.76%,动态心电图的检出率为56.10%,前者明显高于后者(P0.05)。ATP负荷99mTc-MIBI G-MPI显像中冠状动脉左前降支支配区域核素分布异常为258个节段(63.55%),冠状动脉左回旋支支配区域核素分布异常为82个节段(47.13%),右冠状动脉支配区域核素分布异常为74个节段(42.53%),冠状动脉左前降支支配区域核素分布异常节段数明显高于左回旋支及右冠状动脉(P0.0125)。在58例心肌桥患者,ATP负荷99mTc-MIBI G-MPI定量分析中得出的静息状态下LVEF为(69.59±4.13)%,经胸彩色多普勒超声心动图测得的LVEF为(63.22±4.12)%,二者差异无统计学意义(P0.05),且呈明显正相关性(r=0.555,P0.05)。结论:ATP负荷99mTc-MIBI GMPI可以较直观准确地评价心肌桥患者的心肌缺血程度、部位及左心功能,对临床治疗具有一定的指导价值。     

门控核素心肌断层显像评价冠状动脉支架术后血管再狭窄

目的:探讨99Tcm-甲氧基异丁基异腈(MIBI)门控心肌灌注显像(G-MPI)在评价冠状动脉(冠脉)支架置入术后血管再狭窄的临床应用价值。方法:17例确诊冠心病的男性患者,均在支架置入术前1周、术后1个月内及随访期内(6.53±2.43)个月行两日法负荷/静息G-MPI,并在随访心肌显像完成后的2周内接受冠脉造影(CAG),比较术前、后早期及随访期的核素心肌显像结果。结果:25支接受支架置入的冠脉中,4支冠脉的支配心肌区域比较术后早期和术前核素心肌显像均示梗死心肌改变,无明显变化而被剔除。其余21支接受支架置入的冠脉支配心肌区域的术后心肌显像较术前改善,提示支架置入成功。以随访CAG作为判断血管再狭窄的标准,G-MPI诊断血管再狭窄的灵敏度、特异性和准确性分别为88.9%、83.3%和85.7%,阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为66.7%和90.9%。结论:G-MPI在诊断PCI术后血管再狭窄中具有较高的准确性,特别是具有较高的阴性预测值,具有重要的临床应用价值。     

运动与多巴酚丁胺负荷99m锝-焦磷酸盐心肌显像诊断冠心病价值的比较

目的　比较多巴酚丁胺和运动99m锝 焦磷酸盐心肌显像诊断冠心病的价值。方法　对12 0例拟诊为冠心病的患者分别进行药物和运动负荷99m锝 焦磷酸盐心肌显像 ,最后经冠状动脉造影确诊为冠心病。结果　多巴酚丁胺负荷诊断冠心病的敏感性为 94 .3 % ,特异性为 88% ,准确性91.7% ,显著高于运动负荷的 75 % ,61%和 68.4 % ,(P <0 .0 1)。结论　多巴酚丁胺对于诊断冠心病具有较高的敏感性和特异性。     

多巴酚丁胺负荷201Tl心肌断层显像对冠状动脉病变的诊断

目的 :探讨多巴酚丁胺 (DOB)负荷 2 0 1Tl心肌单光子发射计算机断层显像对冠状动脉病变的诊断价值。方法 :对 70例临床确诊或疑诊冠心病的患者在冠状动脉造影前后 2周内进行 DOB负荷 2 0 1Tl心肌断层显像。结果 :DOB2 0 1Tl心肌断层显像诊断冠心病的敏感性为 93.3% ,特异性为80 .0 % ;单、双、三支冠状动脉受累时的敏感性为 90 .9%、93.7%、10 0 % ;心肌显像对左前降支、回旋支和右冠状动脉病变诊断的敏感性和特异性分别为 6 8.5%、75.0 % ,4 2 .9%、97.6 %和 81.6 % ,87.5%。负荷试验终点时双支、三支血管病变 DOB用量明显低于单支病变用量 (P <0 .0 1)。试验中未见严重不良反应。结论 :DOB2 0 1Tl心肌断层显像对冠状动脉病变有一定的诊断价值     

运动试验99mTc-MIBI心肌灌注断层显像诊断冠心病的临床评价

目的评价运动试验99mTc-MIBI心肌灌注断层显像对冠心病的诊断价值。方法对160例病人同时进行冠状动脉造影及运动试验99mTc-MIBI心肌断层显像。结果运动试验99mTc-MIBI心肌断层显像诊断冠心病的敏感性为91.1%,特异性为87.5%。对冠状动脉单支、双支、三支病变组病人诊断的敏感性分别为83.3%、93.8%和100.0%。结论运动试验99mTc-MIBI心肌断层显像对判断心肌缺血有较高的临床应用价值。     

~(99)Tc~m-MIBI运动-静息心肌灌注断层显像检测PTCA治疗后再狭窄临床价值

目的　评价 99Tcm- MIBI运动 -静息心肌显像预测经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术 (PTCA )再狭窄临床价值。方法　回顾分析 PTCA后有运动 /静息心肌灌注显像和冠状动脉造影资料完整的 6 0例确诊为冠心病病人 ,根据是否有心肌梗死分两组 ,分析心肌灌注显像结果 ,并与冠状动脉造影结果对比。结果　 99Tcm- MIBI运动 -静息心肌断层显像预测再狭窄的敏感性和特异性分别为 79% ,90 % ,对左前降支 ,左回旋支 ,右冠状动脉再狭窄预测的敏感性和特异性分别为 74～ 84 % ,5 3～ 90 % ,5 0～ 6 0 %。结论　 99Tcm- MIBI运动 -静息心肌灌注断层显像是预测 PTCA术后再狭窄较特异的方法。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.