经肝动脉灌注平阳霉素碘油乳剂对兔正常肝脏组织的影响

目的：探讨平阳霉素碘油乳剂（PLE）经肝动脉灌注对兔正常肝脏组织的影响。方法：14只4～5个月龄日本大耳白兔，体重（2.5±0.2）kg，按注入生理盐水或PLE的量分为假手术组、实验A组（低剂量组）和实验B组（高剂量组）。各组兔均开腹穿刺肝动脉，按分组剂量注入PLE。术后1，2，4，6周取病理切片，HE染色，光镜下观察肝脏组织学改变;免疫组织化学（免疫组化）染色标记血小板衍化生长因子B链（PDGF-B），并行图象分析。结果：A组HE染色肝细胞呈一过性水样变，变性在2周时最重，至6周已明显减轻。B组HE染色2周时肝细胞明显水样变，4周时可见汇管区纤维组织增生，6周时部分肝组织出现明显假小叶结构。免疫组化染色显示，PDGF-B在肝细胞胞膜及纤维间隔中有明显表达。结论：经肝动脉灌注PLE可导致正常肝脏组织产生不同程度的肝纤维化;PDGF-B参与了肝纤维化的病理过程。     

小鼠全肝缺血再灌注时肺泡巨噬细胞TLR2的激活与肺损伤的机制

目的：探讨肺泡巨噬细胞Toll样受体2（TLR2）的激活机制及其在肝脏缺血再灌注（HIR）中肺损伤的意义。方法：用野生型小鼠C3h/Heouj和TLR4缺失小鼠C3h/Hej建立HIR动物模型。于再灌注1，6，12h后经支气管肺泡灌洗液获取肺泡巨噬细胞，采用荧光定量PCR方法检测TLR2/4mRNA的表达。同时检测支气管肺泡灌洗液中内毒素及肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）的水平，肺组织湿干重比值，肺组织髓过氧化物酶的浓度，并进行肺组织学评分。结果：C3h/Heouj组HIR缺血再灌后各时点肺泡巨噬细胞TLR2/4mRNA表达升高，TLR2mRNA表达持续升高，TLR4mRNA6h达到最高值。同时C3h/Heouj组HIR后支气管肺泡灌洗液中TNF水平明显升高，肺损伤加重，肺组织湿干重比值持续升高，肺组织髓过氧化物酶持续增加(P<0.05)。C3h/Hej组HIR后TLR2mRNA表达仅轻度升高，且支气管肺泡灌洗液中TNF水平低于C3h/Heouj组(P<0.05)，肺损伤轻于C3h/Heouj组(P<0.05)。结论：HIR可致肺泡巨噬细胞表面TLR4的激活，可上调TLR2的表达，从而可加重HIR时的肺损伤。     

原位肝移植中受体血管异常时的肝动脉重建

摘要：目的 探讨原位肝移植中动脉异位重建的方法及效果。 方法 回顾性分析我院10年来的440例肝移植中36例因受体血管异常而行异位重建的方法及术后处理措施等。 结果 36例中行供肝动脉与受体肾下腹主动脉吻合20例，与肾上腹主动脉吻合10例，与胃左动脉吻合4例，与脾动脉吻合2例。5例围手术期死亡，但吻合口通畅，31例存活3个月至4年无血管相关并发症，仅1例术后2个月因胆道缺血坏死行再次肝移植。 结论 肝移植时受体肝动脉有病变或异常改变时，应将受体肾下或肾上腹主动脉、脾动脉、胃左动脉与供肝动脉进行异位重建，可取得满意效果。     

胆囊癌GBC-SD细胞经顺铂处理后的survivin表达及意义

目的: 探讨经顺铂（DDP）处理胆囊癌细胞后survivin表达及其与肿瘤细胞耐药之间的关系。 方法:采用MTT比色法测定胆囊癌细胞对4种化疗药物的敏感性。RT-PCR检测survivin mRNA的表达。Western blot检测survivin蛋白表达的变化。结果:GBC-SD细胞对化疗药物的敏感性从高到低依次为DDP>ADM>5-FU>MMC。化学药物处理后的第1天，3组胆囊癌细胞的survivin mRNA表达水平均降低;其中0.5μg/mL DDP＋GBC-SD组下降了10%，3μg /mL DDP＋GBC-SD组下降36%，6μg /mL DDP＋GBC-SD组下降了28%。第3天，0.5μg/mL DDP组和3μg/mL DDP组GBC-SD细胞的survivin mRNA表达与第1天比较，分别上升22%和64%，但6μg/mL DDP组仍持续降低，仅为第1天的66%。0.5μg/mL DDP组和3μg/mL DDP组作用3d后的GBC-SD细胞中survivin蛋白含量分别升高了15%和12%，而6μg/mL DDP组则下降了80%。 结论:低浓度的DDP即能诱导胆囊癌细胞内survivin的表达增加，这可能是胆囊癌细胞对化疗药物产生耐药性的因素之一。     

左侧结肠癌性梗阻一期切除吻合治疗:附58例报告

摘要：为探讨左侧结肠癌并急性肠梗阻理想的处理原则和方法,回顾分析58例左侧结肠癌并发急性肠梗阻行一期切除吻合术患者的临床资料。本组均成功手术，无手术死亡，术后除7例有切口不同程度液化感染外，无吻合口漏、腹腔感染等并发症，均痊愈出院。提示：对能耐受手术切除的左侧结肠癌并发梗阻，在必要的围手术期处理前提下，一期切除吻合是可行的。避免了横结肠造口、二期手术、癌肿扩散及并发症的发生。     

骨盆骨折合并盆腔血肿的髂内动脉介入栓塞治疗

笔者采用明胶海绵或不锈钢圈栓塞双侧髂内动脉治疗骨盆骨折合并盆腔血肿7例，其中6例患者术前处于休克前期或休克期，血压低，出血明显，栓塞成功后，出血停止，血压回升，栓塞后2d血压恢复正常基础水平。提示：双侧髂内动脉栓塞对治疗骨盆骨折合并盆腔血肿效果明显，是一种有效的治疗手段。     

经外膜缓释雷公藤内酯醇抑制自体移植静脉内膜增生

目的:探讨经外膜缓释雷公藤内酯醇（triptolide）对自体移植静脉内膜增生的抑制作用。方法:健康雄性新西兰大白兔24只，建立颈外静脉-颈总动脉移植模型。随机将动物等分为3组。空白组移植血管不给任何处理， F-127多聚凝胶对照组在移植血管外膜喷洒20 %F-127多聚凝胶0.5 mL，实验组在移植血管外膜喷洒携带雷公藤内酯醇300μg的F-127多聚凝胶0.5 mL。术后2周取标本。用组织形态学方法检测血管内膜增生程度，免疫组化检测标本中bcl-2和Fas的表达，TUNEL法检测标本中血管平滑肌细胞(VSMC)凋亡的水平。结果:静脉移植2周后，与空白组和F-127对照组比较，实验组血管内膜增生明显受抑制（P<0.05），bcl-2的表达［（18.2±8.4） %］显著减少，而Fas的表达［（21.4±8.9） %］显著增加，凋亡细胞［（28.4±7.6） %］也显著增加（P<0.05）。结论:经外膜缓释雷公藤内酯醇可有效抑制移植静脉内膜增生，这一作用可能系通过促进VSMC凋亡而实现的。     

股动脉假性动脉瘤外科治疗18例分析

回顾性分析股动脉假性动脉瘤18例的临床资料。1例因介入穿刺引起的股动脉假性动脉瘤行局部压迫治疗,15例行假性动脉瘤切除术,2例行股动脉结扎术。结果示1例股动脉结扎术患者术后出现肢体坏死，行膝上截肢后康复出院，另17例痊愈出院。提示对股动脉假性动脉瘤行动脉瘤切除、股动脉端端吻合可作为首选的手术方式。     

手法张力美容切口治疗乳腺纤维瘤的体会

目的:探索一种治疗彻底、创伤少、瘢癍痕小、费用低的乳腺纤维瘤治疗方法。方法:回顾近3年来465例采用手法张力美容切口治疗乳腺纤维瘤患者的临床资料。结果:465例手术均最大限度争取行乳晕或腋窝皱褶或乳腺下方皱褶切口。切口均甲级愈合，无明显瘢痕，双乳对称，外形功能无影响，站立时切口不明显。结论:手法张力美容切口治疗乳腺纤维瘤是一种适合大部分乳腺纤维瘤患者的手术方法，具有治疗彻底、创伤少、瘢痕小、费用低。     

胆道再手术原因分析：附828例报告

目的:分析导致再次胆道手术的原因，以期减少胆道再手术率。方法:总结1990—1999年间收治的再次胆道手术患者828例的临床资料，对胆道疾病再次手术的原因进行归类分析。结果:再手术的主要原因是结石复发或残留，占65.10%;结石合并Oddi括约肌狭窄占33.82%;单纯Oddi括约肌狭窄占9.54%;胆管损伤性狭窄和胆肠吻合口狭窄占10.39%;胆道系统肿瘤占6.52%。结论:胆道再手术的主要原因仍以结石复发或残留为主，其次为Oddi括约肌狭窄;损伤性胆管狭窄等与手术有关的因素不容忽视。减少胆道再次手术的关键在于初次手术的彻底性和手术方法的合理性。     

Malignant insulinoma in ectopic pancreatic tissue

BACKGROUND: Both ectopic pancreatic tissue and malignant insulinoma are rare. We encountered the combination of these rare entities in a patient demonstrating hypoglycemic symptoms. METHOD: A patient with episodic hypoglycemia, non-suppressed serum insulin levels, positive fasting test and a positive localization on both ultrasound and somatostatin receptor scintigraphy by (111)I-labelled octreotide, was operated and investigated. RESULTS: (111)I-labelled octreotide-guided surgery was performed and a tumor adjacent to the ligament of Treitz was extirpated. Follow-up was uneventful. Histopathology revealed a malignant insulinoma. The patient is currently under close surveillance. CONCLUSION: The rare combination of an insulinoma in ectopic pancreatic tissue, where the usual diagnostic endoscopic ultrasound revealed an extrapancreatic mass, is described. This was followed by a positive somatostatin receptor scintigraphy, enabling both radio-guided surgery and future treatment of developing recurrent disease or metastases.     

Rare among the rarities--recurrent insulinoma

A patient with recurrent insulinoma without co-existing multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome is described. In a 32-year-old man with recurrent episodes of symptomatic hypoglycemia, the supervised fast showed high insulin (24.5 IU/ml) and C-peptide level (3.06 ng/ml) with low blood sugar (27 mg/dl). A 1 x 1.5 cm nodule from the lower part of pancreatic body was removed on exploratory laparotomy. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of islet cell tumor. After 11 years, he started experiencing symptomatic hypoglycemic episodes with inappropriately elevated serum insulin and C-peptide levels (2.2 ng/ml). On pancreatic angiography, a 16 x 11 mm size tumor blush was noted. Due to fibrosis from previous surgery, distal pancreatectomy along with splenectomy was done. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of insulinoma. On both occasions, workup for multiple endocrine neoplasia turned out to be negative. He was given small amounts of intermediate acting insulin in early postoperative period, which was discontinued shortly thereafter.     

Sevoflurane anesthesia for a patient with insulinoma]

A 56-y-o female had recurrent bouts of unconsciousness and convulsions. Her blood glucose level was often below 40 mg.dl-1. Blood chemistry, echography and angiography revealed an insulinoma of 14 x 12 mm in size. Under sevoflurane anesthesia, excision of the tumor was scheduled. The preanesthetic glucose level was 38 mg.dl-1. Under fluid therapy, with 5% glucose in acetate Ringer solution, no hypoglycemic episode occurred during and after the operation. The arterial IRI level was elevated as the blood glucose level increased before the extirpation of the tumor, but it decreased to the normal level 30 minutes after the tumor removal. The IRI level of the portal vein also decreased from 81.7 microU.ml-1 to 19.0 microU.ml-1 after the removal. The perioperative course was uneventful under sevoflurane anesthesia and the result substantiates the report by Murakawa et al, who contend that sevoflurane suppresses the spontaneous release of insulin. We believe that sevoflurane is an appropriate anesthetic agent for a patient with an insulinoma.     

功能性胰岛素瘤的诊治(附12例)

目的 探讨功能性胰岛素瘤的诊治特点,提高对该病的认识.方法 回顾性分析2000年至2009年吉林大学中日联谊医院收治的12例功能性胰岛素瘤临床资料.结果 12例术前空腹血糖值和胰岛素阳性率分别为92%和89%,IRI/G和C-肽的阳性率达100%.术前腹部超声、CT和MRI定位诊断准确率分别是75%、36%和0%,而术中扪诊结合术中超声的定位准确率达100%.术中血糖监测,10例在肿瘤切除后1 h内血糖上升1倍以上,2例1.5 h后上升1倍以上.随访7例,均未再出现低血糖症状.3例胰瘘.结论 对疑有功能性胰岛素瘤的病例,除检测血糖、胰岛素外还应检测IRI/G、C-肽.术中扪诊及超声是肿瘤定位的有效手段.监测肿瘤切除后血糖变化,结合术中快速病理可判定肿瘤是否完全切除.     

功能性胰岛素瘤的诊治(附12例)

目的 探讨功能性胰岛素瘤的诊治特点,提高对该病的认识.方法 回顾性分析2000年至2009年吉林大学中日联谊医院收治的12例功能性胰岛素瘤临床资料.结果 12例术前空腹血糖值和胰岛素阳性率分别为92%和89%,IRI/G和C-肽的阳性率达100%.术前腹部超声、CT和MRI定位诊断准确率分别是75%、36%和0%,而术中扪诊结合术中超声的定位准确率达100%.术中血糖监测,10例在肿瘤切除后1 h内血糖上升1倍以上,2例1.5 h后上升1倍以上.随访7例,均未再出现低血糖症状.3例胰瘘.结论 对疑有功能性胰岛素瘤的病例,除检测血糖、胰岛素外还应检测IRI/G、C-肽.术中扪诊及超声是肿瘤定位的有效手段.监测肿瘤切除后血糖变化,结合术中快速病理可判定肿瘤是否完全切除.     

胰岛素瘤诊治分析：附22例报告

目的：探讨胰岛素瘤的诊断和治疗。方法：对2008年1月—2013年1月收治并手术的22例胰岛素瘤患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：良性胰岛素瘤21例（95.5%）,恶性1例（4.5%）;患者均有不同程度的Whipple三联征表现,4例有不同程度的精神神经症状;检测空腹血胰岛素15例,胰岛素释放指数均>0.3;术前B超,CT,MRI,生长抑素受体显像的肿瘤检出情况分别为22.7%（5/22）,54.5%（12/22）,53.8%（7/13）,100%（1/1）,术中B超检出率为100%（10/10）。行肿瘤摘除术18例,胰体尾切除2例,胰体尾+脾切除2例。术后21例患者血糖恢复正常,1例术后仍有持续的低血糖症状,3个月后行二次手术探查发现位于胰腺钩突一肿瘤,切除后血糖恢复正常;l例术后仍留有精神神经症状;发生胰瘘1例,经充分引流和抑制胰腺分泌治疗于3周后痊愈。结论：Whipple三联征和胰岛素释放指数>0.3是胰岛素瘤定性诊断的主要依据。术前CT和MRI等检查定位+手术探查、术中B超定位是有效的定位诊断方法。手术是治愈胰岛素瘤最重要的方法。

     

Malignant insulinoma causing liver metastasis 8 years after the initial surgery: Report of a case

We report herein a rare case of malignant insulinoma which recurred as multiple liver metastasis 8 years after the initial resection. The patient was a 51-year-old Japanese man who originally presented in 1985 at the age of 43 years suffering from general malaise and syncope. The initial surgery in 1985 involved complete enucleation of a 15×13 mm insulinoma located in the uncus of the pancreas. Histopathologically, the tumor was diagnosed as a benign adenoma (insulinoma) which was immunohistochemically stained with only the anti-insulin monoclonal antibody. Macroscopically, there were no signs of either invasion or metastasis. During the subsequent 7 years, he did not show any symptoms or significant abnormality in laboratory data. However, in 1993, the patient again experienced syncope with hypoglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. Ultrasonography revealed multiple echogenic lesions in the liver and a second laparotomy confirmed multiple hepatic metastases from insulinoma, the histopathological findings of which were similar to those of the primary tumor from 8 years before. The patient is currently being treated with streptoz tocin and 5-fluorouracil via a catheter in the hepatic artery.     

Insulinoma occurring in association with fatty replacement of unknown etiology in the pancreas: Report of a case

A 66-year-old woman with a 10-year-history of diabetes mellitus was admitted to our hospital for investigation of several recent attacks of hypoglycemia. Her fasting blood glucose level was very low, at 30–40 mg/dl, and abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography revealed a tumor in the pancreatic tail with fatty changes. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography revealed absence of the main pancreatic duct from the body to tail of the pancreas. Abdominal angiography showed a hypervascular tumor stain in the pancreas, and percutaneous transhepatic portal vein sampling demonstrated a step-up of immunoreactive insulin levels in the splenic vein. Based on these clinical findings, we made a preoperative diagnosis of an insulinoma accompanied by fatty changes in the pancreatic body and tail. During laparotomy for the insulinoma, fat tissue was identified in the anatomic location of the pancreatic body and tail, and resected. Pathological examination of the resected specimen revealed a number of Langerhans islets in the adipose tissue, and an islet cell tumor with fatty replacement of the pancreatic tissue around the tumor. The insulinoma was found not to have caused obstruction of the main pancreatic duct. We present herein a rare case of an insulinoma that developed in the pancreas, and was associated with fatty replacement of unknown etiology. Received: August 9, 1999 / Accepted: May 30, 2000     

Pancreatic insulinoma combined with glucagon positive cell: A case report

We present a 70-year-old man who was referred for surgery with uncontrollable hypoglycemia. Ultrasonography and abdominal contrast computed tomography revealed a hypervascular tumor of 1 cm in diameter in the pancreatic tail. With a diagnosis of insulinoma, we performed a distal pancreatectomy. The patient showed a good postoperative course without any complications. The patient’s early morning fasting hypoglycemia disappeared. The respective levels of C-peptide and insulin dropped from 14.9 ng/mL and 4860 μIU/mL preoperatively to 5.3 ng/mL and 553 μIU/mL after surgery. A histopathological examination demonstrated that the tumor was a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor, grade 1. Immunostaining was negative for insulin and positive for CD56, chromogranin A, synaptophysin and glucagon. These findings suggested that the tumor was clinically an insulinoma but histopathologically a glucagonoma. Among all insulinoma cases reported between 1985 and 2010, only 5 cases were associated with independent glucagonoma. In this report, we characterize and discuss this rare type of insulinoma by describing the case we experienced in detail.     

功能性胰岛β细胞瘤的外科诊治分析

目的探讨功能性胰岛β细胞瘤的诊断和治疗方法。方法收集我院1998年4月至2008年4月收治的42例功能性胰岛β细胞瘤患者的临床资料，对其临床表现、检查手段和治疗结果进行回顾性分析。结果42例患者均有Whipple三联征，IRI／G〉0．3有39例。术前行B超和CT检查，分别发现16例（38％），32例（76％），术前B超联合CT检查发现34例（81％），术中B超联合扪诊发现40例（95％）。肿瘤位于胰头15例，胰体12例，胰尾15例；术后病理证实良性肿瘤40例，胰岛细胞增生1例，恶性1例。单纯肿瘤切除25例；胰体尾联合脾切除6例；单纯胰体尾切除9例，1例联合左肾切除；胰十二指肠切除2例。术后胰漏5例，4例为肿瘤摘除者，1例为胰十二指肠切除。1例术后因多器官功能衰竭死亡。结论功能性胰岛β细胞瘤定位诊断尤其重要，术中B超是发现肿瘤较好的手段。手术方式取决于肿瘤大小和位置，合理的手术方式选择能减少术后并发症的发生。