关节镜下重建前交叉韧带移植物的选择与疗效比较

目的 比较分析膝关节镜下自体和异体骨-髌腱-骨、自体半腱肌腱、异体胫前肌肌腱、LAPS人工韧带五种重建前交叉韧带方法的疗效.方法 回顾分析112例膝关节镜下自体骨-髌腱-骨移植、23例自体半腱肌肌腱移植、87例异体骨-髌腱-骨移植、126例异体胫前肌肌腱、28例LARS人工韧带重建前交叉韧带的情况.采用Lysholm评分、IKDC分级和KT-1000评价疗效.结果 前四组中期关节稳定性及功能差异无统计学意义.LAPS人工韧带近期效果与其他移植物相比有统计学意义.自体骨-髌腱-骨组膝前痛发生率高,异体骨-髌腱-骨排斥反应发生率高于异体胫前肌肌腱.结论 关节镜下前四种前交叉韧带替代物重建前交叉韧带的疗效大致相同,但LARS人工韧带近期效果优于其他移植物.     

Patellar tendon versus quadrupled bone-semitendinosus anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a prospective clinical investigation in athletes

Purpose:Patellar tendon and hamstrings are both used in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, and comparisons have been reported with different results. The purpose of this clinical study was to compare the results of ACL reconstruction in athletes with 2 different graft types, both using bone-to-bone healing: bone-patellar tendon-bone graft and a quadrupled bone-semitendinosus graft.Type of Study:Outcomes study.Methods:From 1994 to 1997, 2 groups of 40 athletes who underwent ACL replacement with patellar tendon and quadrupled bone-semitendinosus grafts were prospectively evaluated. Preinjury activity level, age, and gender were comparable in both groups. All patients were operated on by the same surgeon within 5 months from injury and underwent group-specific rehabilitation programs. An independent examiner performed the final evaluations at 36 months. Review included clinical examination, radiographs, computed analysis, isokinetic and functional strength tests, and subjective and objective evaluation with standard knee scores. Additional procedures were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed with both parametric and nonparametric tests.Results:Average surgical time was longer with the semitendinosus graft, and postoperative pain was higher in the patellar tendon group. Standard knee evaluation scores and subjective assessment revealed no significant differences. Isokinetic testing of flexion-extension and internal-external rotation showed lower quadriceps strength and a mild deficit of external rotation in the patellar tendon group and slightly lower flexor strength in the semitendinosus group at 12 months. Computerized laxity analysis showed no difference between the 2 groups with 90% of patients having less than 3 mm side-to-side difference, with a gender difference in the semitendinosus group. Kneeling pain was higher in patellar tendon group.Conclusions:The bone-patellar tendon-bone and quadrupled bone-semitendinosus autograft provide excellent grafts for ACL reconstruction. Both techniques are comparable regarding final stability, but in patients with extensor mechanism problems or those who engage in sports with a high incidence of patellar tendonitis, the semitendinosus graft should be considered.     

自体中1／3髌韧带重建前十字韧带术后膝关节内并发症的探讨

目的探讨应用自体中1/3髌韧带移植重建前十字韧带术后膝关节内有关的并发症及其发病机制。方法1994年1月～1997年11月 ,对18例前十字韧带断裂的患者采用关节镜或小切口关节切开术 ,完成自体中1/3髌韧带移植重建前十字韧带。术后平均随访2年 ,对所有病例进行临床检查 ,确定膝关节疼痛部位 ,检查膝关节活动度及稳定性 ,并利用膝关节屈曲90°的侧位X线片测量髌韧带长度。结果随访18例患者 ,17例术后膝关节存在触发性或功能性疼痛 ,膝关节疼痛常位于髌股关节、髌骨下极、髌韧带供区及胫骨结节部位。8例患者术后患膝活动度有不同程度受限。6例患者髌韧带发生不同程度的短缩 ,平均短缩2.8mm。4例患者髌股关节间隙变窄。两种术式以上并发症的发生率及严重程度差异无显著性意义。结论应用自体中1/3髌韧带重建前十字韧带不仅应注意疼痛等并发症的发生 ,还应关注髌韧带供区及髌股关节并发症的发生 ,重视其发病的病理基础。髌韧带中1/3缺损可引起髌韧带短缩及髌股关节退变。     

游离半腱肌腱髌旁锚钉固定加强膝内侧髌股韧带治疗复发性髌骨脱位

目的 探讨游离半腱肌腱髌旁锚钉固定加强膝内侧髌股韧带治疗复发性髌骨脱位的疗效.方法 1999年3月至2008年1月共收治57例复发性髌骨脱位患者,男19例,女38例;年龄17～29岁,平均24.3岁;首次脱位至手术时间为1～4年,平均2.6年.行髌内侧支持带和髌股韧带修补手术15例（A组）,经髌骨骨隧道自体游离半腱肌腱重建内侧髌股韧带19例（B组）,自体游离半腱肌腱髌旁锚钉固定加强膝内侧髌股韧带23例（C组）.术后12个月按照Insall标准和Lysholm评分评价结果,并比较3种术式的疗效.结果 所有患者术后获12～37个月（平均18个月）随访.术前与术后12个月Lysholm评分A组平均分别为（80.3±2.9）、（89.6±3.7）分,B组平均分别为（80.9±3.1）、（94.6±3.4）分,C组平均分别为（81.2±3.9）、（93.6±4.1）分,3组患者术前与术后12个月Lysholm评分比较差异均有统计学意义（P〉0.05）.3组患者之间术前Lysholm评分比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;术后12个月B组与C组Lysholm评分差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,但均优于A组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.3组患者疗效按Insall标准评定：优良率分别为80.0%、94.7%、95.6%,3组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）.结论 锚钉固定技术加强膝内侧髌股韧带的方式具有手术方式简单、损伤小、髌骨稳定性好、并发症少等优点,是治疗复发性髌骨脱位的一种良好选择.     

Patellarsehnenruptur 10 Jahre nach vorderem Kreuzbandersatz durch Patellarsehnen-Knochen-Transplantat

Autologous transplantation of the central third of the patella tendon with a bone-patellar tendon-bone (BTB) graft is one of the most commonly used techniques for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Frequently chosen alternative sources include semitendinosus and gracilis tendon autografts. The differences of opinion regarding graft sources mainly result from comparison of outcome and complications. Although higher donor site morbidity and postoperative extensor mechanism complications are postulated for bone-patellar tendon-bone grafts, patellar tendon ruptures following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction are rarely reported in the literature. These predominantly occur during the early postoperative period. We present the case of a patellar tendon rupture in a healthy 36-year-old man, who suffered a skiing accident 10 years after uneventful ACL reconstruction with a BTB graft.     

自体腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带后肌腱再生的MRI研究

目的应用MRI观察半腱肌腱及股薄肌腱取材重建前交叉韧带(anterior cruciate ligament,ACL)后肌腱再生情况。方法对2007年9月-2009年9月,52例采用单侧自体半腱肌腱、股薄肌腱重建ACL患者进行研究。男29例,女23例;年龄19～42岁,平均31.6岁。左膝34例,右膝18例。损伤原因:交通事故伤11例,运动伤38例,重物砸伤2例,其他伤1例。伤后至手术时间为6d～31个月,中位时间为11.4个月。关节疼痛19例,关节不稳28例,关节肿胀5例。股部肌肉萎缩(双股部周径差>1cm)7例,关节活动部分受限2例。浮髌试验阳性5例,Lachman试验阳性51例,轴移试验阳性49例,前抽屉试验均为阳性。膝关节活动度为(127.77±5.73)°,Lysholm评分为(52.40±3.45)分,国际膝关节文献委员会(IKDC)评分为(49.50±4.08)分。合并内侧半月板损伤23例,外侧半月板损伤6例,滑膜皱襞2例,游离体1例。结果术后患者切口均Ⅰ期愈合。患者均获随访,随访时间12～18个月,平均14.9个月。术后12个月时前抽屉试验均呈阴性,Lachman试验阳性1例,轴移试验阳性1例。膝关节活动度为(131.91±1.81)°,Lysholm评分为(94.98±2.77)分,IKDC评分为(93.65±2.42)分,与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后12个月,屈膝90°抗阻力试验检查显示39例腘窝内侧可见绷紧的组织条带;MRI检查提示:10例半腱肌腱及股薄肌腱均有再生,29例半腱肌腱再生、股薄肌腱未再生,2例半腱肌腱未再生、股薄肌腱再生,11例半腱肌腱及股薄肌腱均未再生。半腱肌腱再生率为75.0%(39/52),股薄肌腱再生率为23.1%(12/52),总半腱肌腱和股薄肌腱再生率为78.8%(41/52)。结论半腱肌腱及股薄肌腱取材重建ACL后MRI检查提示部分患者有肌腱再生现象。     

Shortening of the patellar tendon after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

In this prospective study, patellar height changes were investigated after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with a mean follow-up of 22.4 months. A total of 114 patients were included. Fifty- two patients (group A) were treated by multiple suture repair, 27 patients (group B) underwent acute ACL reconstruction, and 35 patients (group C) underwent ACL reconstruction > or =6 weeks after injury with a patellar tendon graft. The patellar vertical height ratios (VHR) were evaluated preoperatively (VHR 1), 6 months postoperatively (VHR 2), and at follow-up (VHR 3). For the studied questions, the following answers were obtained: (1) The change of the patella height was the same in all three groups (i.e., disregarding the different surgical procedures). (2) The time elapsed between injury and ACL reconstruction did not influence the shortening of the patellar tendon. (3) Women showed a more pronounced shortening of the patellar tendon than did men. (4) A significant shortening of the patellar tendon occurred in 30% of our patients, and the process of shortening was finished 6 months postoperatively. (5) Anterior knee pain was present in 27.2% of our patients and occurred significantly more often after patellar tendon graftings. (6) Age had no influence on the changes of the patellar height.Arthroscopy 1998 Sep;14(6):592-6     

关节镜下应用自体胭绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带的临床分析

目的探讨自体股薄肌及半腱肌重建前交叉韧带（ACL）的临床疗效。方法研究应用自体股薄肌、半腱肌移植重建前交叉韧带损伤病例共30例。术后追踪随访进行为期2年的康复训练,术前和术后随访时行患肢X线检查、功能评分。结果本组病例均获得随访,时间平均32个月（24～40个月）,术后Lachman征及旋转移位试验阴性。Lysholm评分由术前平均（54．80±2．10）分增加至术后2年为（91．00±2．30）分,两者之间的差异有统计学意义（t=61．930,P〈0．01）。而Tegner评分则由术前平均（5．00±1．20）分增加至术后2年（6．23±1．40）分,两者之间的差异有统计学意义（t=3．650,P〈0．01）。手术前后x线复查无退行性改变。结论自体胭绳肌腱重建ACL术后2年随访发现患者膝关节前向不稳消失,膝关节功能评分比术前明显增加。用该方法重建ACL能有效恢复膝关节的功能。     

Patellar tendon or hamstring graft anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions in patients aged above 50 years

Background:

The treatment of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury consists of arthroscopic ACL reconstruction with patellar tendon or hamstring graft. Satisfactory results have been reported so far in the younger age group. Dilemma arises regarding the suitability of ACL reconstruction in patients aged 50 years and above. This retrospective analyses the outcome of ACL reconstruction in patients aged 50 years and above.

Materials and Methods:

55 patients aged 50 years and above presented to our institution with symptomatic ACL tear and were managed with arthroscopic reconstruction with patellar tendon/hamstring graft. 22 patients underwent ACL reconstruction with bone- patellar tendon-bone graft and the remaining 33 with a hamstring graft. Evaluation of functional outcome was performed using International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) and Lysholm scoring in the preoperative period, at the end of 1 year and at the final followup. Radiographic evaluation was performed using the Kellgren–Lawrence grading system.

Results:

The mean preoperative IKDC score was 39.7 ± 3.3. At the end of 1-year following the operation, the mean IKDC score was 73.6 ± 4.9 and at the final followup was 67.8 ± 7.7. The mean preoperative Lysholm score was 40.4 ± 10.3. At the end of 1-year following the intervention, the mean Lysholm score was 89.7 ± 2.1 and at final followup was 85.3 ± 2.5. Overall, 14 out of 42 patients who underwent radiographic assessment showed progression of osteoarthritis changes at the final followup after the intervention.

Conclusion:

In our study, there was a statistically significant improvement in the IKDC and Lysholm scores following the intervention. There was a slight deterioration in the scores at the final followup but the overall rate of satisfaction was still high and most of the patients were able to do their routine chores and light exercises suitable for their age group. Around one-third of patients show progression of radiographic changes in the postoperative period and this requires long term evaluation.     

A follow-up study of arthroscopic combined reconstruction of anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments with allograft patellar tendon

Objective： To evaluate the therapeutic effect of combined reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament （ ACL ） and posterior cruciate ligament （ PCL ） simultaneously by using allograft patellar tendon under arthroscopy. Methods： From May 2003 to November 2005, 10 cases of ruptured ACL and PCL were fixated with compressed screws and reconstructed under arthroscopy with allograft patellar tendon simultaneously. The clinical results were evaluated according to IKDC, Lysholm, and Tegner clinical rating scales. Results. All patients were followed up for 12-30 months （mean： 18 months ）. At the last follow-up, there was no knee extension limitation and knee flexion was between 120° and 135°, with an average of 128.38°. The Lysholm score of the 10 cases was 66. 5 ± 5. 6 before operation and 89.8 ± 3.4 at last follow up. The difference was statistically significant （ P 〈 0.01 ）. The average Tegner activity score decreased from 6.9 ± 1.7 （ range ： 4-9 ） before injury to 5.5 ± 1. 6 （rang： 2-9） at the follow-up （P=0.53）. At the end of follow-up, IKDC score was graded as A in 4 cases （40.0 % ）, B in 5 （50.0 % ）, and C in 1 （10.0%）. Of the 10 patients, 8 returned to the same sports level as before injury and 2 were under the level. Conclusion. Arthroscopic combined reconstruction of ACL and PCL with allograft patellar tendon has the advantages of minimal trauma in surgery and reliable satisfactory outcome.     

Biomechanical comparisons of anterior cruciate ligament: reconstruction procedures with flexor tendon graft

An experimental study was conducted to compare the biomechanical characteristics of six currently available anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction procedures with flexor digitorum profundus tendons. Forty porcine knees were divided into eight groups, of 5 knees each. In groups A, B, C, and D, the flexor tendon graft was fixed with sutures and an Endobutton, with 20-mm-wide polyester tapes and staples, with 10-mm-wide polyester tapes and an Endobutton, and with bone plugs and interference screws, respectively. In group E, the graft was fixed using a combined procedure of those in groups B and D. In group F, the graft was directly fixed with interference screws. In groups G and H, the bone-patellar tendon-bone graft was fixed with interference screws, and sutures, respectively. Each femur-graft-tibia complex specimen was tested with a tensile tester by anteriorly translating the tibia until failure. This study demonstrated that the biomechanical properties of the femur-graft-tibia complex reconstructed with the flexor tendon graft were significantly affected by synthetic fixation devices. Regarding the average maximal load of the groups with the flexor tendon graft, group B had the highest (893 N) and group C had the second highest (770 N). Groups E and A were in the third rank. Group F had the second lowest (312 N), and Group D had the lowest (230 N). The maximal load of group B was significantly greater (P < 0.01) than that of group G (656 N) with the bone-patellar tendon-bone grafts. As to clinical relevance, this study indicated that the flexor tendon graft can be an alternative substitute for the bone-patellar tendon-bone graft for ACL reconstruction, if we understand the biomechanical characteristics of each reconstruction procedure. Received: January 21, 2000 / Accepted: June 8, 2000     

Research on strength of the grafts that are used in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction]

Reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) using autogenous tissue is a frequently performed procedure used to restore functional stability in ACL--deficient knees. The purpose of this study was to determine the structural mechanical properties of the ACL and the grafts that are used in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. We tested specimens of human tissue including: ACL, medial third patellar tendon B-PT-B, central third patellar tendon B-PT-B, gracilis tendon, semitendinosus tendon (single-stranded, double-stranded and quadrupled-stranded), distal iliotibial tract and plantaris tendon (single-stranded and double-stranded). Specimens were obtained at autopsy from 32 young male cadavers. Biomechanical tests were performed using the FPZ-100 machine (produced by VEB Rauenstein). The following grafts have shown higher values than ACL: quadrupled semitendinosus--229% of ACL, doubled semitendinosus--130% of ACL, central third patellar tendon B-PT-B--114% of ACL and medial third patellar tendon B-PT-B--107% of ACL. The following grafts have shown lower values than ACL: semitendinosus tendon--72% of ACL, gracilis tendon--49% of ACL, distal iliotibial tract--47% of ACL, doubled plantaris--18% of ACL and single plantaris--10% of ACL.     

Patellar tendon defect during the first year after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: Appearance on serial magnetic resonance imaging

The purpose of this study was to use magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate various parameters of the patellar tendon during the first year after harvest for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Twelve consecutive patients were serially imaged on a 1.5 Tesla GE magnet (GE Medical Systems, Milwaukee, WI) with a dedicated knee coil at 3 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after undergoing ACL reconstruction using a central one-third patellar tendon autograft. The tendon defect was not closed primarily, but the paratenon was approximated. The following measurements were performed: tendon width, defect width, cross-sectional area of the tendon, and tendon length. In addition, the patellar bone harvest site was evaluated for healing. The width of the tendon defect decreased by 62% over 12 months (P < .05). Only two patients showed complete closure of the defect. Tendon width was noted to decrease by 6.5% (P=.017). The ratio of defect width to overall tendon width (designated R) decreased by 58% (P < .05). Tendon length was noted to decrease during this by 8% (P=.037). The tendon cross-sectional area was noted to increase by 9% at 1 year, but this was not found to be statistically significant (P=.39). One year after ACL reconstruction using a central one-third patellar tendon, the tendon defect has begun to reconstitute itself but there is still a significant gap. This persistent defect must be taken into consideration when planning revision ACL surgery using reharvest of the central one third of the patellar tendon. The entire tendon also exhibits a reduction in width and length, while cross-sectional area increases slightly. Complete healing of the graft defect can not be assumed at 12 months post-ACL reconstruction. (Arthroscopy 1998 Nov-Dec;14(8):804-9.)     

膝关节后内侧结构损伤合并单一交叉韧带断裂的早期治疗

目的 探讨膝关节后内侧结构损伤合并单一交叉韧带断裂进行早期手术的疗效.方法 2002年1月至2005年12月共治疗12例后内侧结构损伤合并单一交叉韧带断裂患者,其中10例合并前交叉韧带(ACL)断裂,2例合并后交叉韧带(PCL)断裂.交叉韧带损伤术前Lysholm评分为50～60分(平均56.7分).关节镜下重建交叉韧带,开放修复后内侧结构.8例采用自体半腱肌、股薄重建ACL(transfix术式),2例采用骨.髌腱.骨重建ACL.2例采用一端带骨块的异体跟腱蓖建PCL.后内侧结构损伤修复:8例采用星状钢板螺钉同定,2例采用GⅡ锚钉固定.1例采用自体半肌腱、股薄肌移植重建,1 例采用端对端缝合.结果 12例中除2例随访4个月后失访外,其余10例患者术后获平均12个月(6～18个月)随访.交叉韧带损伤重建后Lysholm评分为74～94分(平均81.2分).后内侧结构修复后10例膝伸屈范围正常,2例伸直受限5.外翻应力试验于O啦时,9例正常,2例弱阳性(+),1例阳性(++).结论 膝后内侧结构损伤合并单一交叉韧带断裂时,早期重建交叉韧带同时一期修复膝后内侧结构可以较好地恢复膝关节稳定性.     

ACL reconstruction using an abnormally thick autogenous patellar tendon graft.

This prospective study measured the patellar tendon thickness of 543 patients who underwent anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with an autogenous bone-patellar tendon-bone graft to document the normal range of patellar tendon thickness and to determine if using thicker than normal patellar tendons as an ACL graft source affected postoperative outcome. The postoperative results of 55 patients who underwent ACL reconstruction with a patellar tendon > or =7 mm thick (thick tendon group) were compared with those of 488 patients who underwent ACL reconstruction with a patellar tendon < or =6 mm thick (normal tendon group). 5 mm (4.5 mm in women and 5.3 mm in men) with a range of 3-11 mm (3-7 mm in women and 3-11 mm in men). There was no statistically significant difference in the postoperative KT-1000 arthrometer mean manual maximum difference (2.0 mm for grafts < or =6 mm thick and 1.9 mm for grafts > or =7 mm thick), postoperative quadriceps muscle strength scores, modified Noyes questionnaire subjective scores (mean of 91 points for grafts < or =6 mm thick and 92 points for grafts > or =7 mm thick), or postoperative stability and pain scores. These results indicate that an abnormally thick patellar tendon should not preclude the use of this involved tendon as a graft source for ACL reconstruction.     

Simultaneous reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament and posterior cruciate ligament by using allogeneic patellar tendon under arthroscopy

With fast development of arthroscopic surgery inChina, simple reconstruction of ACL (anteriorcrucial ligament) or PCL has been reported in number. However , the methods concerningsimultaneous reconstruction of ACL and PCL are rarelyreported. Simultaneous …     

关节镜下髌韧带和六股异体腘绳肌腱单束重建前交叉韧带的临床研究

目的 比较关节镜下采用髌韧带和六股异体腘绳肌腱单束重建前交叉韧带的临床效果.方法 回顾性分析2006年10月至2009年12月我科采用关节镜下异体移植物单束重建前交叉韧带(ACL)的108例患者的临床资料,其中六股异体腘绳肌腱58例(腘绳肌腱组),异体髌韧带50例(髌韧带组).术后应用Lachman和pivot-shift试验以及KT-1000评估膝关节稳定性,按照国际膝关节评分委员会(IKDC)、Lysholm膝关节评分评价膝关节功能.结果 术后患者随访时间12～38个月,平均为28.6个月.腘绳肌腱组KT-1000检查示双侧膝关节前向松弛度差异为(1.2±1.2)mm,显著小于髌韧带组(1.8±1.5)mm,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).腘绳肌腱组轴移试验阴性55例(94.8%),阳性3例(5.2%),髌韧带组阴性41例(82.0%),阳性9例(18.0%),差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).术后腘绳肌腱组和髌韧带组IKDC评分为(90±5)分和(89±5)分,Lysholm评分为(94±5)分和(93±6)分,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 关节镜下单束重建前交叉韧带采用六股异体腘绳肌腱较髌韧带能够明显提高膝关节稳定性.

Abstract：

Objective To compare the outcome of arthroscopic single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)reconstruction with six-strand hamstring tendon and patellar tendon allograft.Methods From October 2006 to December 2009,108 patients with arthroscopic single-bundle ACL reconstruction were retrospectively reviewed,with 58 patients with six-strand hamstring tendon(Group H),and 50 patients with patellar tendon allograft(Group P).Patients were available for clinical evaluation with KT-1000 arthrometer measurements,Lachman and pivot-shift test,and knee function with the Internationa]Knee Documentation Committee(IKDC),Lysholm scores.Results All the patients were followed up at an average of 28.6 months(range 12-38 months).The average side-to-side difference was lesser for group H(1.2 ± 1.2)mm than group P(1.8 ±1.5)mm(P＜0.05).On the pivot-shift test,55(94.8%)patients were negative and 3(5.2%)were positive in group H,whereas 41(82.0%)were negative and 9(18.0%)were positive in group P,with significant difference between two groups(P＜0.05).All knee function scores were improved postoperatively,without statistically significant difference between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion Arthroscopic single-bundle ACL reconstruction with six-strand hamstring tendon will achieve better knee stability than patellar tendon allograft.     

Revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using the lateral third of the ipsilateral patellar tendon after failure of a central-third graft: a preliminary report on 10 patients

Long-term outcomes were reported for 10 (77%) of 13 cases of revision anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using the lateral third of the ipsilateral patellar tendon as a graft. All primary ACL reconstructions were ipsilateral central-third bone-patellar tendon-bone graft procedures. Mean age at follow-up was 30.7 years, and mean time from revision ACL surgery to follow-up was 42.9 months. At follow-up, average KT-1000 difference between knees was 2.4 mm. All patients had a negative pivot shift, extension within 5 degrees of the contralateral knee, and flexion within 15 degrees. Mean bilateral comparison ratios for isokinetic strength and hop testing were: extension, 83.5%; flexion, 96%; and single-leg hop 96.9%. No patella fractures or tendon ruptures had occurred. All patients had returned to their previous work level, and 8 of the 10 patients could participate in at least "moderate" sports activities (e.g., skiing and tennis). The results were comparable to published outcome reports for both primary and revision ACL reconstruction. The lateral third of the ipsilateral patellar tendon is a good graft option for revision ACL reconstruction.     

自体髌腱与四股腘绳肌腱移植重建前交叉韧带安全性的Meta分析

目的 评价自体髌腱与4股腘绳肌腱移植关节镜下单束重建前交叉韧带(ACL)的安全性.方法 计算机检索CENTRAL、PubMed、EMBASE、中国生物医学文献数据库等,获取自体髌腱与4股腘绳肌腱移植重建ACL的随机对照试验(RCT),根据Cochrane图书馆推荐的RCT偏倚评估标准对纳入研究的方法学质量进行评估,并使用RevMan 5.0统计学软件对结果进行Meta分析,比较自体髌腱与4股腘绳肌腱移植重建ACL的移植失败率、伸膝缺失度、膝前痛等的差异.结果共纳入14篇文献,包括1232例患者.自体髌腱组与自体4股腘绳肌腱组的移植失败率在平均随访2～3年(RR=0.69,95%CI 0.34～1.38,P=0.29)、5年(RR=0.37,95%CI0.09～1.55,P=0.18)、10年(P=0.94)及合并后(RR=0.71,95%CI 0.39～1.31,P=0.28)差异均无统计学意义.两组伸膝缺失度≥5°的例数比较差异无统计学意义(RR=1.63,95%CI0.85～3.16,P=0.14).两组膝前痛随访2年差异有统计学意义(RR=2.04,95%CI 1.34～3.09,P=0.0008),而随访5年(RR=3.00,95%CI 0.92～9.79,P=0.07)及随访10年(P=0.737)差异均无统计学意义.两组膝跪痛或不适随访2年差异有统计学意义(RR=1.97,95%CI 1.01～3.85,P=0.05),随访5年(RR=1.51,95%CI 0.95～2.39,P=0.08)及随访10年(P=0.342)差异无统计学意义.结论自体髌腱与4股腘绳肌腱移植失败率及膝关节被动伸直缺失的发生率相似.自体髌腱移植随访早期(平均随访2～3年)膝前痛、膝跪痛或不适的发生率较高,但随着时间的延长(5～10年),两者趋于一致.

Abstract：

Objective To compare clinical outcomes of patellar tendon and 4-strand hamstring autografts in single-bundle endoscopic reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament(ACL). Methods The digital databases(PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,CBM)were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs)comparing patellar tendon with hamstring autografts for reconstruction of ACL.In addition.the reference lists from related original studies and review articles were hand-searched.The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias and Cochrane collaboration's RevMan 5.0 software were used for assessing trial methodological quality and data analyses. Results Fourteen RCTs were included.There were 1232 participants who met inclusion criteria in all studies.Meta-analyses showed that no statisticallv significant differences were found in graft failure rate after single-bundle reconstruction of the ACL at mean follow-ups of 2 to 3 years (RR=0.69,95%C/0.34 to 1.38,P=0.29,of 5 years (RR=0.37,95%CI 0.09 to 1.55,P=0.18),of 10 years(P=0.94)or when 3 subgroups combined(RR=0.71,95%CI 0.39 t0 1.31.P=0.28).The diffe-rence in≥5°extensor deficit was not statistically significant between the 2 groups(RR=1.63.95%CI 0.85 to 3.16,P=0.14).Anterior knee pain and kneeling pain or discomfort showed significantlv differences between the 2 groups at a mean follow-up of 2 years(P<0.05),but did not at follow-ups of 5 years and 10 years(P>0.05). Conclusions In single-bundle endoscopic ACL reconstruction.patellar tendon and 4-strand hamstring autografts have similar rates of graft failure and knee motion deficits.The patellar tendon autograft may have higher rates of anterior knee pain and kneeling pain or discomfort at an early stage after operation than the 4-strand hamstring autografi,but there may be no such differences on a long-term basis.     

关节镜下LARS人工韧带及4股半腱肌肌腱重建前交叉韧带

目的评价LARS人工韧带和自体4股半腱肌肌腱关节镜下重建膝前交叉韧带（ACL）的临床疗效。方法对28例膝ACL断裂患者行关节镜下ACL重建术,根据重建材料的来源分为LARS人工韧带组（13例）和自体4股半腱肌肌腱组（15例）。采用ACL解剖等长重建技术建立胫骨、股骨骨道。并对两组的关节稳定性和Lysholm膝关节功能评分进行对比研究。结果术后膝关节稳定性LARS人工韧带组优于4股半腱肌肌腱组（P〈0.05）。移植后两组Lyshrolm膝关节功能评分较移植前提高（P〈0.05）。术后6个月LARS人工韧带组Lysholm评分（90.4分±5.3分）高于4股半腱肌肌腱组（81.2分±4.7分）（P〈0.05）。结论在关节镜下重建ACL术中,LARS人工韧带可作为自体材料的良好替代物。