Peptidase-containing neurons in rat striatum

The effects of surgical lesions on peptidase activity have been studied in the striatonigral system of the rat brain. Knife cuts separating the anterior part of the caudate putamen from the globus pallidus resulted in a decrease in the activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme and alanyl aminopeptidase in both the globus pallidus and substantia nigra. The activity of nigral prolyl endopeptidase and leucyl aminopeptidase was also decreased. An increase in dipeptidyl aminopeptidase and arginyl endopeptidase activity was observed in both the caudate putamen and globus pallidus. These results suggest that the striatal neurons containing angiotensin-converting enzyme or alanyl aminopeptidase project to both the globus pallidus and substantia nigra, and the neurons containing prolyl endopeptidase and/or leucyl aminopeptidase project to the substantia nigra. Dipeptidyl aminopeptidase and arginyl endopeptidase are probably associated with glial function.     

Comparative activities of tetanus and botulinum toxins

Using immunohistochemical methods we have studied the distribution of substance P fibers, terminals and perikarya throughout the basal ganglia of baboons and at selected levels of the human brain. Immunoreactivity in the substantia nigra pars reticulata, internal segment of the globus pallidus and ventral pallidum was dense and of a characteristic, “woolly-fiber” morphology. The caudate nucleus and putamen contained sharply circumscribed patches of dense immunoreactivity superimposed on a moderately stained background. The external division of the globus pallidus displayed very little immunoreactivity. Two morphological types of immunoreactive cell bodies were present in the caudate nucleus, putamen and nucleus accumbens, and were clustered within the dense patches. The distribution of immunoreactive perikarya within the striatum differed from that reported for rats, as immunoreactive neurons were distributed evenly throughout the rostrocaudal extent rather than being concentrated in the rostral portions.     

Quantitative imaging of substance P in the human brain using a brain mapping analyzer

The distribution of substance P (SP)-like immunoreactive neurons in the brains of aged normal human was analyzed quantitatively. Consecutive coronal sections in which the striatum and the substantia nigra were exposed widely, were obtained from the right hemisphere and stained immunohistochemically for SP. Each stained section was divided into approximately three million microareas and the immunohistochemical fluorescence intensity in each area was measured using a human brain mapping analyzer, which is a microphotometry system for analysis of the distribution of neurochemicals in a large tissue slice. These distributions are displayed in color and monochromatic graphics. In the analyzed brain regions, conspicuously intense SP-like immunoreactivity was observed in the substantia nigra and the internal segment of the globus pallidus. Within the substantia nigra, the SP-like immunoreactive intensity in the pars compacta was 25%, higher than that in the pars reticulata, and the distribution of melanin-containing neurons corresponded well to the distribution of the SP-containing structures. SP-like immunoreactive intensity in the internal segment of the globus pallidus, which was lower than that in the substantia nigra, was approximately twice as high as that in the external segment of the globus pallidus. Very intense immunoreactivity was localized at the most medial area of the internal segment of the globus pallidus. The SP-like immunoreactive intensity in the caudate nucleus and putamen was moderate, and the distribution was heterogeneous and observed in patches.     

DARPP-32在大鼠全脑的定位分布

目的 探讨DARPP-32在大鼠全脑的表达分布特点.方法 应用免疫组织化学染色技术对大鼠脑内DARPP-32的表达分布进行观察.结果 免疫组织化学染色结果显示,强阳性的DARPP-32染色大部分分布于基底节区和前嗅皮质区,主要分布在伏隔核、尾壳核及杏仁核复合体的神经元胞体内,以及苍白球、腹侧苍白球、脚间核及黑质网状部的...     

降钙素基因相关肽在大鼠纹状体内分布的生后发育研究

目的：了解大鼠纹状体内的钙离子基因相关肽（ＣＧＲＰ）在纹状体和苍白球内分布的生后发育变化。方法：对出生后１天至１年的大鼠脑行冠状组织切片,尔后进行ＣＧＲＰ的ＡＢＣ法免疫细胞化学染色。结果：ＣＧＲＰ在纹状体的近尾侧部主要分布在纹状体的边缘区,为大量的密度很高的免疫反应阳性纤维,在纹状体的远尾侧部几乎遍布整个尾壳核,但以其外侧缘和腹侧为多,在尾壳核的外侧部形成一条浓密的阳性纤维带。苍白球内可见少量的ＣＧＲＰ免疫反应纤维存在,多靠近苍白球的内侧缘。ＣＧＲＰ在纹状体内分布的生后发育特征为：Ｐ０１时边缘区有少量阳性纤维分布,Ｐ０５时形成带状纤维分布,Ｐ１０时尾壳核腹外侧部有阳性纤维分布,Ｐ３０以后同成年。结论：ＣＧＲＰ在纹状体和苍白球内具有独特的分布特征和生后发育规律。     

A horseradish peroxidase study of afferent connections of the globus pallidus in Macaca mulatta

Summary The high tonic discharge rates of globus pallidus neurons in awake monkeys suggest that these neurons may receive some potent excitatory input. Because most current electrophysiological evidence suggests that the major described pallidal afferent systems from the neostriatum are primarily inhibitory, we used retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to identify possible additional sources of pallidal afferent fibers. The appropriate location was determined before HRP injection by mapping the characteristic high frequency discharge of single pallidal units in awake animals. In animals with injections confined to the internal pallidal segment, retrograde label was seen in neurons of the pedunculopontine nucleus, dorsal raphe nucleus, substantia nigra, caudate, putamen, subthalamic nucleus, parafascicular nucleus, zona incerta, medial and lateral subthalamic tegmentum, parabrachial nuclei, and locus coeruleus. An injection involving the external pallidal segment and the putamen as well resulted in additional labeling of cells in centromedian nucleus, pulvinar, and the ventromedial thalamus.Abbreviations AC anterior commissure - CG central grey - CM centromedian nucleus - CN caudate nucleus - DM dorsomedial nucleus - DR dorsal raphe nucleus - DSCP decussation of superior cerebellar peduncle - GPe globus pallidus, external segment - GPi globus pallidus, internal segment - LC locus coeruleus - LL lateral lemniscus - MG medial geniculate nucleus - ML medial lemniscus - NVI abducens nucleus - OT optic tract - Pbl lateral parabrachial nucleus - Pbm medial parabrachial nucleus - Pf parafascicular nucleus - PPN pedunculopontine nucleus - PuO oral pulvinar nucleus - RN red nucleus - SCP superior cerebellar peduncle - SI substantia innominata - SNc substantia nigra, pars compacta - SNr substantia nigra, pars reticulata - STN subthalamic nucleus - TMT mamillothalamic tract - VA ventral anterior nucleus - VLc ventral lateral nucleus, pars caudalis - VLm ventral lateral nucleus, pars medialis - VLo ventral lateral nucleus, pars oralis - VPI ventral posterior inferior nucleus - VPM ventral posterior medial nucleus - VPLc ventral posterior lateral nucleus, pars caudalis - ZI zona incerta     

A survey of substance P, somatostatin, and neurotensin levels in aging in the rat and human central nervous system

Levels of the neuropeptides substance P, somatostatin, and neurotensin were measured by radioimmunoassay in regions of the rat and human central nervous system (CNS) in aging. Somatostatin levels were significantly lower only in the corpus striatum of older rats. Substance P levels and neurotensin levels were generally stable with aging as were levels of somatostatin in regions other than the corpus striatum. In post-mortem human CNS tissues, no significant negative correlations of levels of the three peptides were observed with time to refrigeration or time to freezer for the samples. In the human CNS, there were no significant age-related alterations in substance P levels in frontal cortex, thalamus, hypothalamus, caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, or substantia nigra. There was a significant age-related decrease in substance P levels in the human putamen. This age-related decrease was not present in tissues from victims of Huntington's disease nor was there any striking difference in substance P levels as a function of duration of the disease. There were no significant age-related changes in somatostatin levels in human frontal cortex, caudate nucleus, putamen, medial globus pallidus, or substantia nigra. Among these same regions, there was a significant age-related decrease in neurotensin levels only in the pars compacta and pars reticulata of the human nigra. These results implicate neuropeptides in aging processes in certain regions of the CNS. There are differences between rats and humans with respect to neuropeptides in the aging process in the CNS. Deterioration of some neuropeptide pathways in and to human basal ganglia may be involved in the suspected functional deterioration of parts of the extrapyramidal system in aging.     

A survey of substance P, somatostatin, and neurotensin levels in aging in the rat and human central nervous system

Levels of the neuropeptides substance P, somatostatin, and neurotensin were measured by radioimmunoassay in regions of the rat and human central nervous system (CNS) in aging. Somatostatin levels were significantly lower only in the corpus striatum of older rats. Substance P levels and neurotensin levels were generally stable with aging as were levels of somatostatin in regions other than the corpus striatum. In post-mortem human CNS tissues, no significant negative correlations of levels of the three peptides were observed with time to refrigeration or time to freezer for the samples. In the human CNS, there were no significant age-related alterations in substance P levels in frontal cortex, thalamus, hypothalamus, caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, or substantia nigra. There was a significant age-related decrease in substance P levels in the human putamen. This age-related decrease was not present in tissues from victims of Huntington's disease nor was there any striking difference in substance P levels as a function of duration of the disease. There were no significant age-related changes in somatostatin levels in human frontal cortex, caudate nucleus, putamen, medial globus pallidus, or substantia nigra. Among these same regions, there was a significant age-related decrease in neurotensin levels only in the pars compacta and pars reticulata of the human nigra. These results implicate neuropeptides in aging processes in certain regions of the CNS. There are differences between rats and humans with respect to neuropeptides in the aging process in the CNS. Deterioration of some neuropeptide pathways in and to human basal ganglia may be involved in the suspected functional deterioration of parts of the extrapyramidal system in aging.     

Distribution of nerve growth factor receptor-like immunoreactivity in the adult rat central nervous system. Effect of colchicine and correlation with the cholinergic system--I. Forebrain

Nerve growth factor receptor, as recognized by the monoclonal antibody 192-IgG, was localized to multiple regions of the adult rat forebrain. Immunoreactive cell bodies and fibers were seen in both sensory and motor regions which are known to contain cholinergic and non-cholinergic neurons. Specifically, nerve growth factor receptor immunoreactivity was present in cells lining the olfactory ventricle, rostral portion of the lateral ventricle, in basal forebrain nuclei, caudate putamen, globus pallidus, zona incerta and hypothalamus. Immunoreactive cells which were situated subpially along the olfactory ventricle and anterior portions of the lateral ventricle, and in the arcuate nucleus resembled neuroglia but could not definitively identified at the light microscopic level. Animals pretreated with intracerebroventricular colchicine displayed significantly increased nerve growth factor receptor immunoreactivity in all previously positive neurons and particularly in the medial preoptic area and ventral premammillary nucleus of the hypothalamus. In such animals, receptor immunoreactivity also appeared in previously non-immunoreactive cells of the hippocampal CA3 region and polymorph layer of the dentate gyrus as well as in the mitral cell layer of the olfactory bulb. Nerve growth factor receptor-immunoreactive fibers and varicosities were seen in the olfactory bulb, piriform cortex, neocortex, amygdala, hippocampus, thalamus, olivary pretectal nucleus and hypothalamus. In most regions, such fiber-like immunoreactive structures likely represented axon terminals, although in some areas, neuroglial or extracellular localizations could not be excluded. In this context, diffuse, non-fibrillar receptor immunoreactivity occurred in the lateral habenular nucleus and medial terminal nucleus of the accessory optic tract. Furthermore, intense nerve growth factor receptor immunoreactivity occurred along certain regions of the pial surface on the ventral surface of the brain. The distribution of nerve growth factor receptor-immunoreactive cell bodies and fibers in multiple sensory and motor nuclei suggests wide-spread influences of nerve growth factor throughout the adult rat forebrain. There is a high degree of overlap with regions containing choline acetyltransferase immunoreactivity. However, significant disparities exist suggesting that certain nerve growth factor receptor-containing non-cholinergic neurons of the rat forebrain may also be affected by nerve growth factor.     

Angiotensin converting enzyme immunohistochemistry in rat brain and pituitary gland: correlation of isozyme type with cellular localization

We have localized angiotensin converting enzyme in rat brain and pituitary gland immunohistochemically with an anti-rat lung angiotensin converting enzyme monoclonal antibody. The distribution of immunoreactive angiotensin converting enzyme is identical with that of binding sites for the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, [3H]captopril. Most intense staining is in the choroid plexus and subfornical organ, with intermediate values in the caudate-putamen, globus pallidus, entopeduncular nucleus, pars reticulata of the substantia nigra, posterior pituitary and anterior pituitary. Lower levels are observed in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus. Within the basal ganglia angiotensin converting enzyme immunoreactivity is distributed throughout the neuropil; no cell bodies are stained, even after colchicine treatment. The punctate pattern of immunoreactivity in the anterior pituitary corresponds to the distribution of endothelial cells. The posterior pituitary is stained diffusely. Angiotensin converting enzyme is increased by 45% in the posterior lobe after pituitary stalk section, demonstrating that this diffuse staining is associated with pituicytes. Antibody specificity was demonstrated by the immunoaffinity purification of angiotensin converting enzyme to homogeneity from crude tissue extracts using anti-angiotensin converting enzyme antibody and protein A-sepharose. The apparent molecular weight by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of lung, choroid plexus and anterior pituitary angiotensin converting enzyme is 175,000. In the substantia nigra and caudate putamen, where angiotensin converting enzyme is localized to neuronal as opposed to epithelial cells, the molecular weight is 165,000. The pituicyte angiotensin converting enzyme of the posterior pituitary is 170,000 daltons.     

Initial observations on the distribution of cannabinoid receptor binding sites in the human adult basal ganglia using autoradiography.

The distribution of cannabinoid receptor binding sites has been studied in the basal ganglia of 3 human adults using the synthetic cannabinoid agonist [3H]CP55,940 and autoradiography. The [3H]CP55,940-specific labeling was found in the caudate, putamen, accumbens, substantia nigra pars reticulata, and globus pallidus. The binding was consistently higher in the medial over the lateral part of the globus pallidus.     

Topographic projections from the basal ganglia to the nucleus tegmenti pedunculopontinus pars compacta of the cat with special reference to pallidal projections

Summary Projections from the basal ganglia to the nucleus tegmenti pedunculopontinus pars compacta (TPC) were studied by using anterograde and retrograde tracing techniques with horseradish peroxidase conjugated with wheat germ agglutinin (WGA-HRP) in the cat. Following WGA-HRP injections into the medial TPC area, a substantial number of retrogradely labeled cells were seen in the entopeduncular nucleus (EP) and medial half of the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr), whereas following WGA-HRP injections into the lateral TPC area, labeled cells were marked in the caudal half of the globus pallidus (GP) and lateral half of the SNr. To confirm the retrograde tracing study, WGA-HRP was injected into the EP or the caudal GP, and anterograde labeling was observed in the TPC areas. Terminal labeling was located in the medail TPC area in the EP injection case, while terminal labeling was observed in the lateral TPC area in the caudal GP injection case. Projections from the striatum to the pallidal complex (the EP and the caudal GP) were also studied autoradiographically by injecting amino acids into various parts of the caudate nucleus and the putamen. Terminal labeling was distributed over the whole extent of the EP and the rostral GP following injections into the rostral striatum (the head of the caudate nucleus or the rostral part of the putamen), while terminal labeling was distributed over the caudal GP following injections into the caudal striatum (the body of the caudate nucleus or the caudal part of the putamen). From these findings, we conclude that there exists a medio-lateral topography in the projection from the basal ganglia to the TPC: The EP receives afferent projections from the rostral striatum and projects to the medial TPC area, whereas the caudal GP receives projections from the caudal striatum and sends fibers to the lateral TPC area.Abbreviations BC brachium conjunctivum - CD caudate nucleus - CP cerebral peduncle - DBC decussation of the brachium conjunctivum - EP entopeduncular nucleus - GP globus pallidus - IC internal capsule - ICo inferior colliculus - LH lateral habenular nucleus - ML medial lemniscus - PN pontine nuclei - PUT putamen - SCo superior colliculus - SI substantia innominata - SN substantia nigra - SNc substantia nigra pars compacta - SNr substantia nigra pars reticulata - STN subthalamic nucleus - TH thalamus - TPC nucleus tegmenti pedunculopontinus pars compacta     

Striatal substance P cell clusters coincide with the high density terminal zones of the discontinuous nigrostriatal dopaminergic projection system in the cat: a study by combined immunohistochemistry and autoradiographic axon-tracing

A portion of the nigrostriatal projection that originates from presumably dopaminergic neurons in the caudal pars compacta of the substantia nigra and the suprajacent pars dorsalis (retrorubral area), was shown by [3H]amino acid autoradiographic tracing to distribute nonhomogeneously in the head of the caudate nucleus, such that zones of high density termination are in register with the archipelago of substance P cell clusters revealed immunohistochemically in the same and adjacent tissue sections of the cat's brain. Axons from this same portion of the substantia nigra distribute densely at caudal levels of the putamen where again substance P-immunoreactive striatal cells are numerous. In nearby tissue sections from the same cases, tyrosine hydroxylase-like immunoreactivity suggested only subtle variations in the density of the catecholamine axon network within the striatum. Thus, whereas dopamine axons are distributed densely throughout the striatum, those originating from cells in the caudal pars compacta et dorsalis of the substantia nigra and ending in the head of the caudate nucleus appear to terminate preferentially within the substance P cell clusters. These data suggest that the striatal substance P cells, which send their axons selectively to the entopeduncular nucleus and substantia nigra, but much less so the globus pallidus, are a major target of nigrostriatal dopamine transmission. This result is discussed with respect to the anatomical, neurochemical and functional organization of the striatifugal projection system.     

Immunohistochemical localization of cytochrome P-450 in the rat brain

Immunohistochemical localization of cytochrome P-450 in the brains of normal untreated male rats has been demonstrated with polyclonal antibodies raised against hepatic P-450C. These antibodies recognize P-450C and D, two closely related forms of P-450. We have identified P-450C,D immunoreactivity (P-450C,D-i) within both neurons and glial cells. Neuronal cell bodies showing P-450C,D-i were present in several forebrain areas, including the olfactory bulb, the caudate nucleus, the cingulate, the frontal and the entorhinal cortex, the hippocampus and the thalamus. In the brainstem, P-450C,D-i neurons were detected in the substantia nigra, the nucleus locus coeruleus, raphe nucleus, reticular formation and the trigeminal nerve nucleus and the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus. Glial cells containing P-450C,D-i were situated within myelinated fiber tracts in the forebrain (e.g. the corpus callosum, the internal capsule) and the brainstem (e.g. the superior cerebellar peduncle, the medial longitudinal fasciculus). Some, but not all, of the P-450C,D-i glial cells also stained with an antibody against glial fibrillary acidic protein. The present findings represent the first immunohistochemical demonstration of cytochrome P-450 in the brain and suggest that cytochrome P-450C,D is constitutive in neurons and glial cells of most brain regions throughout the rat neuraxis.     

A light and electron microscopic study of the GABA transporter GAT-3 in the monkey basal ganglia and brainstem

The present study aimed to elucidate the distribution of the GABA transporter GAT-3 in the monkey basal ganglia and brainstem. Very dense GAT-3 immunoreactivity was observed in the medial septum, diagonal band, basal nucleus of Meynert, thalamus, globus pallidus, and substantia nigra. Moderate levels were observed in the subthalamic nucleus, periaqueductal grey, spinal trigeminal and vestibular nuclei. A general light level of staining was observed in the remainder of the brainstem regions, and very light staining was observed in the caudate nucleus and putamen. Electron microscopy showed that GAT-3 immunoreactivity was present in cell bodies with light cytoplasm and dense bundles of glial filaments, and features of astrocytes. Large numbers of astrocytic processes were also labeled in the neuropil. The cell bodies and processes of neurons were unlabeled. Further study is necessary to elucidate GAT-3 expression in neurological conditions, including hyperalgesia and Parkinson's disease.     

Distribution of divalent metal transporter-1 in the monkey basal ganglia

An accumulation of iron occurs in the brain with age, and it is thought that this may contribute to the pathology of certain neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease. In this study, we elucidated the distribution of divalent metal transporter-1 (DMT1) in the monkey basal ganglia by immunocytochemistry, and compared it with the distribution of ferrous iron in these nuclei by Turnbull's Blue histochemical staining. We observed a general correlation between levels of DMT1, and iron staining. Thus, regions such as the caudate nucleus, putamen, and substantia nigra pars reticulata contained dense staining of DMT1 in astrocytic processes, and were also observed to contain large numbers of ferrous iron granules. The exceptions were the globus pallidus externa and interna, which contained light DMT1 staining, but large numbers of ferrous iron granules. The thalamus, subthalamic nucleus, and substantia nigra pars compacta contained neurons that were lightly stained for DMT1, but few or no iron granules. The high levels of DMT1 expression in some of the nuclei of the basal ganglia, particularly the caudate nucleus, putamen, and substantia nigra pars reticulata, may account for the high levels of iron in these regions.     

Differential connections of caudate nucleus and putamen in the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus)

The organization of the subcortical connections of caudate nucleus and putamen in the squirrel monkey was studied using horseradish peroxidase conjugated to wheat germ agglutinin as anterograde and retrograde neuronal tracer. The tracer was injected in similar quantities in the putamen on the left side and in the caudate nucleus on the right side in 10 monkeys, and its presence was revealed by means of the tetramethylbenzidine method. The study of anterogradely labeled fibers visualized after such injections shows that putaminofugal fibers terminate massively in the ventral two-thirds of the globus pallidus, where they display a band-like arrangement, and much less abundantly in the caudal third of the substantia nigra. In contrast, caudatofugal fibers occupy only the dorsal third of globus pallidus but arborize profusely in the rostral two-thirds of substantia nigra. In the pars reticulata of the substantia nigra the caudatonigral fibers form a highly complex network composed of fiber trabeculae while the putaminonigral fibers occur as more discrete fascicles confined to the dorsolateral region of the structure. In the pars compacta of the substantia nigra the retrogradely labeled cells occur in the form of clusters that are closely intermingled with clusters of unlabeled neurons. The labeled-cell clusters are particularly dense on the putamen-injected side and more loosely organized on the caudate-injected side. On both sides, however, the striatonigral fibers that reach the substantia nigra pars compacta can be seen to terminate almost exclusively upon clusters composed of retrogradely labeled cells, suggesting the existence of a precise reciprocal link between nigral and striatal neuronal aggregates. At thalamic levels the retrogradely labeled cells are distributed according to a strikingly asymmetric pattern. For instance, a prominent labeling of neurons in the central superior lateral nucleus is seen only on the caudate-injected side. Furthermore, in the centromedian/parafascicular complex retrograde cell labeling is seen exclusively in parafascicular nucleus on the caudate-injected side and only in the centromedian nucleus, except its lateralmost portion, on the putamen-injected side. Control experiments involving injection of the tracer in cerebral cortex overlying the striatum reveal that the neurons in the lateral segment of the centromedian, which do not project to striatum, are in fact reciprocally connected with the cerebral cortex. In addition, our data show that some of the so-called "specific" thalamic nuclei contribute significantly to the thalamostriatal projection in monkey.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

The neuronal mechanism underlying parkinsonism and dyskinesia: differential roles of the putamen and caudate nucleus.

The basal ganglia were manipulated pharmacologically by using GABA antagonists and also 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in rats, cats and monkeys, and neuronal activities were recorded from the basal ganglia. It was concluded that: (1) in parkinsonism, neuronal activities of the caudate nucleus decreased, those of the pars reticulata of the substantia nigra and the internal segment of the globus pallidus increased, and those of the ventromedial nucleus of the thalamus were depressed markedly; (2) in dyskinesia, periodical discharges of the caudate-putamen complex were the primary event in rodents, resulting in activation of the thalamus; and (3) the caudate nucleus was involved in the manifestation or driving of locomotion, while the putamen was related to regulation of tonus in contralateral muscles with proximal dominancy.     

大鼠神经系统内5-羟色胺_(1A)受体亚型的定位分布(英文)

应用免疫组织化学技术观察了大鼠神经系统内 5 -羟色胺 1A受体亚型 ( 5 -HT1 AR)免疫阳性结构的分布。结果显示 :5 -HT1 AR免疫阳性结构主要分布于梨状皮质、隔核、丘脑腹后核、丘脑网状核、杏仁基外侧核、Purkinje细胞层、红核、面神经核、斜方体核等 ;在海马、额叶皮质、丘脑背内侧核、脚间核、三叉神经中脑核、中缝背核、三叉神经脊束核、脊髓背角浅层、背根神经节和三叉神经等结构内有中等强度的分布 ;在嗅球、尾壳核、苍白球、斜角带核、终纹床核、缰核、黑质、上橄榄等部位有弱的分布。本文的结果提示 5 -HT1 AR阳性结构广泛地分布在大鼠神经系统 ,它们可能介导 5 -HT在神经系统中的多种生理功能