舌瓣修复咽喉术后缺损的临床研究

目的 探讨咽喉肿瘤切除后咽喉组织缺损的舌瓣修复方法。方法 设计了１／３舌体舌瓣、半侧舌根舌瓣、全舌根舌瓣、横行舌根舌瓣等４种舌瓣,对１５例口咽侧壁癌、下咽癌、声门上型癌切除后的组织缺损进行了修复。结果 １５例患者舌瓣全部成活,１３例颈部伤口Ⅰ期愈合,２例颈部伤口感染裂开,经处理愈合,进食良好。１、３年生存率分别为９２．９％（１３／１４）、７２．７％（８／１１）。结论 舌瓣修复咽喉组织缺损,具有操作     

喉癌下咽癌患者下咽及颈段食管术后缺损的修复方法

目的 :探讨喉癌下咽癌患者下咽或下咽及颈段食管术后缺损的修复方法。方法 :对保留喉功能的下咽术后缺损 9例 (伴颈段食管部分切除 3例 ,颈段食管癌行食管全切除 1例 ) ,用胸大肌肌皮瓣修复 4例 ,直接修复 4例 ,胃咽吻合术 1例。不保留喉功能 2 0例 (伴颈段食管部分切除 2例 ) ,舌瓣修复 16例 ,喉组织瓣 2例 ,胸大肌肌皮瓣与胸骨舌骨肌筋膜瓣联合重建下咽 2例。结果 :术后 8例Ⅰ期恢复吞咽及喉功能 ,1例下咽狭窄 ,Ⅱ期行残喉切除。余 2 0例中 16例Ⅰ期恢复吞咽功能 ,1例下咽狭窄经扩张进食 ,3例咽瘘 ,其中 1例咽瘘行Ⅱ期胃咽吻合术。 1、3及 5年的生存率分别为 92 %、6 4 .7%和 4 6 .2 %。结论 :保留喉功能的下咽或下咽及颈段食管缺损可直接修复或采用胸大肌皮瓣修复 ,不保留喉功能者 ,可采用舌瓣、胸大肌皮瓣修复或咽胃吻合术。肌皮瓣和肌筋膜瓣联合重建全下咽易引起下咽狭窄或咽瘘     

颞肌筋膜瓣在颅面部肿瘤术后缺损修复中的应用

目的:探讨颞肌筋膜瓣(TMF)在修复颅面部肿瘤术后缺损中的应用。方法:根据缺损大小和部位 设计TMF,对10例颅面部肿瘤术后缺损患者进行修复,其中3例修复颅底缺损,5例修复口咽部缺损,2例修复 眶。结果:随访8～50个月,10例TMF全部成活;修复颅底者,未出现颅内感染及脑脊液漏;修复口咽者,语言、 吞咽功能无明显障碍;修复眶者解剖形态基本恢复,外观满意。结论:TMF是修复颅面部肿瘤术后缺损的理想选 择。     

应用舌骨肌瓣修复部分喉术后缺损

用部分喉切除的功能保全性手术治疗喉癌。１９７９年设计舌骨肌瓣，用于修复喉大部切除的缺损，以保证在根治肿瘤前提下，恢复三大喉功能。对于一侧杓状软骨已固定的患者，需要切除杓状软骨者，宜用小块骨质代替，同时用一部分肌肉掩盖半侧喉腔。手术时在舌骨上切断下颌舌骨肌，取舌骨体一小块，宽约５毫米，同时切一条舌骨下宽蒂带状肌，形成舌骨肌瓣，将这块组织瓣向喉腔折转９０度，将舌骨固定在杓状软骨缺损处，肌肉即复盖患侧喉     

锁骨上皮瓣在喉咽癌术后缺损修复中的应用

目的研究锁骨上皮瓣在喉咽癌术后缺损修复中的临床应用。方法回顾性分析2017年7月~2019年1月中山大学肿瘤防治中心应用带蒂锁骨上皮瓣修复喉咽癌术后缺损5例患者的临床资料,取带蒂锁骨上皮瓣修复缺损,皮瓣面积(6~20) cm×(4～6.5) cm。记录皮瓣制备时间、术中总出血量、术后引流管放置时间、皮瓣存活情况及供区愈合情况等。结果所有患者术中皮瓣制备时间平均为30 min（25～35 min）,术中总出血量平均为56 ml（50~80 ml）,术后引流管留置天数平均为6.6 d（5~10 d）。5例患者的锁骨上皮瓣均存活,无一例坏死。供区缺损均直接拉拢缝合,无伤口感染及功能损伤等并发症。结论锁骨上皮瓣具有制备技术简便,修复缺损可靠,伤口美观,局部功能损伤少,无需显微血管吻合等优点,可用于喉咽癌缺损修复手术。     

喉咽及颈段食管缺损的整复

报告2例喉咽、颈食管及喉严重损伤所造成喉咽、颈食管长段缺损的患者,描述整复方法,并讨论造成缺损的医源性因素。     

颈阔肌肌筋膜瓣在喉重建术中的应用

为了探讨颈阔肌肌筋瓣在喉重建术中的临床应用价值，观察了７２例喉癌喉切除术后应用少有岂肌筋膜瓣修复缺损的临床效果。手术时根据癌肿的大小与部位行喉部分切除或喉交丛切除术，沿颈浅筋膜层将颈阔肌连同其两面筋膜与皮下组织分开，根据缺损的大小，剪切相应的单蒂颈阔肌肌筋膜瓣并转入术腔修补缺损。结果，经３年以上的随访，术后７－１０天拔除胃管；气管套管拔除率９１．７％；３年生存率为８４．７％；复发率１１．１％；发生     

应用舌骨肌瓣修复部分喉术后缺损

用部分喉切除的功能保全性手术治疗喉癌。１９７９年设计舌骨肌瓣，用于修复喉大部切除的缺损，以保证在根治肿瘤前提下，恢复三大喉功能。对于一侧杓状软骨已固定的患者，需要切除杓状软骨者，宜用小块骨质代替，同时用一部分肌肉掩盖半侧喉腔。手术时在舌骨上切断下颌舌骨肌，取舌骨体一小块，宽约５毫米，同时切一条舌骨下宽蒂带状肌，形成舌骨肌瓣，将这块组织瓣向喉腔折转９０度，将舌骨固定在杓状软骨缺损处，肌肉即复盖患侧喉腔，拉拢下咽粘膜覆盖舌骨。自１９７９～１９９０年，共治疗１０８例。声门上型６６例，３期及４期病例三年生存率各为７８．６％及６６．７％。声门型４２例，３期三年生存率为７９．３％。气管套管拔除率７５％～８５％。８０％患者恢复近乎正常发声。吞咽功能全部恢复。     

联合应用颈部肌筋膜及胸舌骨肌肌筋膜瓣行晚期喉癌术后修复

为探讨联合应用颈部肌筋膜瓣行晚期喉癌术后修复的可行笥。自１９９１年２月至１９９６年１２月我们联合应用颈部肌筋膜及胸舌骨肌肌筋膜瓣行晚期喉癌术后修复,治疗２２例,术后全部病例均恢复经口进食,并获得不同程度的会话能力,术后３月统计２０例拔除气管套管,恢复经口鼻呼吸功能,拔管率９０．９％（２０／２２）,３年生存率７２．２％（１３／１８）,５年生存率６３．６％（７／１１）。认为联合应用颈部肌筋膜及胸舌管岂     

用带血管蒂粘膜瓣及上段气管修复下咽和重建食管上段

目的：探讨广泛侵犯的下咽癌或原发于咽后壁癌术后创面的修复和食管上段重建的方法。方法二报告2例广泛下咽癌同时有食管上段侵犯和1例咽后壁店,在切除下咽及颈段食管肿瘤后,利用未被肿瘤侵犯的喉和气管上段粘膜修复缺损区。结果：2例广泛侵犯的下咽癌术后均发生短时间咽瘘,其中1例随访3年健康,1例2年后局部复发放弃治疗;另1例咽后壁癌随访1年半健在。结论：广泛侵犯的下咽癌术后利用未被肿瘤侵犯的喉和气管修复创面和食管上段,在同一术野完成手术,方便,减少病人痛苦,尤其适合年老体弱不能耐受长时间大手术的病人。     

会厌瓣在下咽—颈段食管一期重建术中的应用

报告下咽癌切除术后，应用会厌剖开延伸的粘软骨膜瓣修复下咽颈段食管的粘膜缺损8例，术中分别采用会厌瓣和胸骨舌骨肌筋股瓣、会厌瓣和残存下咽粘膜瓣作复合修复，术后恢复良好的吞咽功能，无咽颈瘘发生．临床上虽可应用胃、空肠、结肠和胸大肌肌皮瓣代下咽颈段食管，但手术费时、复杂、病人痛苦大。本术式优点：就近取材，血运丰富，操作简便，成功率高，并发症少。     

下咽癌、颈段食管癌切除后胃代食管术并发症分析

目的 :报告非开胸食管内翻拔脱后胃代食管术治疗下咽癌、颈段食管癌的术后并发症 ,探讨并发症的发生原因及预防措施。方法 :回顾性分析 1994年～ 2 0 0 0年间对 2 1例下咽癌、颈段食管癌病人行非开胸食管内翻拔脱后胃代食管术治疗情况。其中颈段食管癌 9例 ,全部保留喉功能 ;下咽癌 12例 ,其中 7例同时行喉全切除术 ,5例行喉部分切除术。全部病例均行幽门成形术。结果 :6例发生并发症 :吻合口瘘 1例 ,胃坏死 2例 ,肺炎 2例 ,心衰 1例。其中术后死亡 2例 ,并发症发生率 2 8.6 %。结论 :对并发症的发生原因、预防措施进行了讨论     

颈阔肌皮瓣在颈段食管狭窄重建术中的应用

目的 :探讨颈阔肌皮瓣在颈段食管狭窄重建术中的应用。方法 :采用单侧颈阔肌皮瓣行颈段食管狭窄重建术 33例。结果 :术后肌皮瓣全部存活。 3例发生吻合口瘘 ,加强更换敷料后愈合。术后随访 6～ 15 6个月 ,2例分别于术后 4和 6个月发生吻合口狭窄 ,分别经食管扩张和食管成形术治愈。所有患者均能经口进普食。纤维食管镜检查示肌皮瓣无糜烂及溃疡。结论 :颈阔肌皮瓣行颈段食管狭窄重建 ,具有创伤小 ,取材方便 ,操作简单 ,能Ⅰ期完成手术 ,并发症少 ,远期疗效满意等优点。     

应用颏下皮瓣修复下咽癌术后缺损的临床探讨

目的探讨颏下皮瓣修复下咽癌术后缺损和喉功能重建的临床价值。方法应用颏下皮瓣修复下咽癌术后缺损及喉功能重建术16例。结果术后16例皮瓣全部成活。病人吞咽及发音功能恢复良好,11例病人拔除气管套管,5例未拔管。随访1~4.5年,2例术后同侧颈部淋巴结复发,1例术后对侧颈部淋巴结复发,1例术后1年肝转移死亡;无下咽局部复发者。结论颏下皮瓣具有位置邻近、厚薄适宜、柔软、成活率高等优点,是适宜的下咽缺损修复材料。     

Free flap combined with pectoralis major flap for reconstruction after total laryngopharyngectomy in patients with advanced hypopharyngeal carcinoma

Conclusion: The findings suggest that a pectoralis major flap combined with a free flap is a safe and reliable method of reconstruction after total pharyngolaryngectomy; with this technique, one can help these patients remain disease free, with normal swallowing function, for a relatively acceptable survival duration. Objectives: To determine the functional and oncological outcomes of a combined flap for the extensive defects after total pharyngolaryngectomy in patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the hypopharynx (SCCHP). Method: This study determined the perioperative morbidity and functional and oncologic outcomes of 21 patients with advanced SCCHP who underwent total laryngopharyngectomy and reconstruction using a combination of a pectoralis major flap and a free flap. Results: The free flap and pectoralis major flap were used to reconstruct the defects for all 21 patients. Fourteen patients were reconstructed with jejunal free flaps and pectoralis major flaps; in the remaining seven patients, anterolateral thigh flaps and pectoralis major flaps were used. All the combined flaps worked well, and patients recovered normal swallowing function a mean 19.4 days after surgery. After an overall mean follow-up time of 31.3 months, 30% of patients were still alive at the time of this analysis, with no evidence of disease.     

Thirty-four patients with carcinoma of the cervical esophagus treated with chemoradiation therapy

OBJECTIVE: To review the experience of 2 institutions in the management of localized carcinoma of the cervical esophagus with chemoradiation therapy. DESIGN: A series of 34 patients received chemoradiation therapy for a 5-year period. All patients were treated with curative intent. Three different regimens were used, all involving concomitant chemotherapy and high-dose radiation therapy. Data relating to toxic effects, local control of disease, and disease-free and overall survival were prospectively collected. SETTING: Two combined clinics at separate major hospitals where multidisciplinary care is the standard practice for this disease. PATIENTS: Patients with biopsy-proved carcinoma of the cervical esophagus. INTERVENTIONS: Patients received 3 different chemotherapy regimens. Two of the regimens used a combination of cisplatin and fluorouracil. The high-dose cisplatin regimen was a large dose of cisplatin (80 mg/m2) given on days 1 and 22 followed by a 96-hour infusion of fluorouracil (800 mg/m2) from days 2 to 5 and from days 23 to 26. The low-dose cisplatin regimen was cisplatin, 20 mg/m2, from days 1 to 5 and from days 22 to 26 and the same 96-hour infusion of fluorouracil. The third regimen used fluorouracil alone. The mean radiation dose administered was 61.2 Gy in 29.6 fractions during 41.8 days using 4- or 6-mV photons and a shrinking field technique. RESULTS: The results of treatment have shown a high rate of local control, although some patients developed metastases. The local complete response rate following treatment was 91%, and the rate of local control of disease was 88%. The projected actuarial 5-year survival rate was 55%. Death from other causes was common. The acute toxic effects of the treatment were acceptable, with only 5 patients requiring nasogastric feeding or gavage. Two patients died of complications related to strictures. CONCLUSION: Concomitant chemoradiation therapy, should be the treatment of choice for carcinoma of the cervical esophagus.     

Prevention of anastomotic leak using an advanced pectoral flap in total pharyngolaryngectomy and free jejunal reconstruction for hypopharyngeal or laryngeal carcinoma

Abstract

Background: We devised an advanced pectoral flap (APF) to prevent anastomotic leak after total pharyngolaryngectomy (TPL) and free jejunal reconstruction (FJR) in patients with hypopharyngeal or laryngeal carcinoma. The APF alleviates tension on the skin in the neck, reduces the subcutaneous dead space, and promotes adhesion between the neck skin and the anastomosis.

Objective: To investigate whether an APF is effective for prevention of anastomotic leak associated with TPL/FJR.

Patients and methods: Anastomotic leak was compared between APF (n?=?65) and non-APF groups (n?=?25). Patients who had received preoperative radiotherapy or undergone tracheostomy or skin infiltration requiring neck reconstruction using a pedicle flap were excluded.

Results: There were significantly fewer cases of anastomotic leak in the APF group than in the non-APF group (1.5% [1/65] vs. 16.0% [4/25]; p?=?.02). An APF could be created bilaterally within approximately 15?minutes. Unlike a deltopectoral flap, an APF does not require a skin graft.

Conclusions: The postoperative anastomotic leak rate was 1.5% in patients who underwent TPL and FJR for hypopharyngeal or laryngeal carcinoma with an APF.

Significance: An APF is easily created and can reduce the incidence of anastomotic leak after TPL and FJR.     

胸大肌肌皮瓣在侵犯下咽晚期头颈鳞癌手术切除术后缺损修复中的应用

目的 探讨不同情况下应用胸大肌肌皮瓣(PMF)修复下咽颈食管区域重要和复合缺损的方法和可行性。 方法 采用PMF单独或联合其他修复方法,结合对修复方法的改良,采用不同方式修复晚期和复发性下咽癌和喉癌侵犯下咽颈食管区域手术切除术后下咽颈食管巨大和复合性缺损59例,缺损类型包括下咽颈食管部分缺损、下咽颈食管环周缺损以及下咽颈食管缺损合并颈前软组织巨大复合缺损。 结果 完成单纯PMF覆盖法26例,椎前筋膜游离植皮加PMF覆盖4例,PMF覆盖加颈前表面游离植皮2例,PMF覆盖下咽加胸三角皮瓣(DPF)修复颈前缺损2例,单纯PMF皮管16例,PMF皮管加肩胸皮瓣表面覆盖4例,胃上提加PMF覆盖3例,双岛瓦合PMF 2例。术后20例出现了不同程度并发症,除1例院内死亡外,其余均经妥善处理治愈,恢复吞咽功能。 结论 PMF适合各种情况的下咽颈食管缺损修复,特别是在颈部同时伴有巨大软组织复合缺损时,这种方法更具优越性。