CT导向下经皮针刺活检前纵隔肿瘤

目的　探讨经皮针刺活检前纵隔肿瘤的影响穿刺准确性的因素。资料与方法　回顾性分析 80例前纵隔肿瘤CT导向下经皮针刺活检术。结果　 (1)病理学明确诊断 6 7例 ,不能确定诊断 13例 ;(2 )细针抽吸、切割针活检穿刺敏感性分别为 75 %、90 .5 % ;(3) 16例小病灶穿刺敏感性为 6 8.8% ,6 4例大病灶穿刺敏感性为 87.5 % ;(4)胸腺类肿瘤、淋巴结转移性癌活检准确性均为 92 % ,淋巴瘤活检准确性仅为 6 5 % ,与前两组比较有统计学意义(P <0 .0 5 ) ;(5 )穿刺并发症发生率为 7.5 %。结论　切割针活检阳性率高于细针活检 ,活检阳性率大病灶高于小病灶 ,胸腺类肿瘤、淋巴结转移性癌活检阳性率显著高于淋巴瘤 ;CT导向下经皮针刺活检术是前纵隔肿瘤安全、有价值的诊断方法。     

CT导向下切割活检在纵隔病变诊断中的应用价值

目的 探讨经皮针刺切割活检纵隔病变的临床应用价值.方法 回顾性分析52例纵隔肿瘤CT导向下经皮针刺切割活检术.穿刺针为美国MD公司TRU-CORE 18 G切割针,52例均做切割病理组织学检查,6例加做免疫组化.结果 (1)病变部位前纵隔49例,中纵隔1例,后纵隔2例;(2)43例病理诊断明确,9例病理诊断不确定.穿刺活检正确率为82.7% ,假阴性率为17.3% ,假阳性病例1例;(3)淋巴瘤活检准确性为50%, 辅以免疫组织化学后切割活检的准确性为80%,明显提高了穿刺活检的诊断准确率(χ2 = 3. 96 ,P<0.05);(4) 8 例小病灶穿刺敏感性为50%,44 例大病灶穿刺敏感性为84.1%,穿刺阳性率与病灶大小无关(确切概率法P>0. 05);(5)胸腺类肿瘤、淋巴结转移性癌活检准确性分别为93%、100% ,淋巴瘤活检准确性仅为50%, 胸腺类肿瘤、淋巴结转移性癌活检阳性率显著高于淋巴瘤(P < 0.05)与前2组比较有统计学意义(P < 0.05);(6) 穿刺并发症发生率为9.6%.气胸发生率为5.8%.结论 CT导向下经皮切割活检术是纵隔病变安全而有价值的诊断方法,辅以免疫组织化学技术可以很大提高纵隔病变的诊断正确率.     

CT导向下纵隔肿瘤穿刺活检术

目的：评价CT导向下纵隔肿瘤穿刺活检的临床应用价植。方法：回顾性分析74例纵隔病变CT导向下纵隔穿刺活检术。芽刺针采用18G CHIBA针、18G切割针，74例均做病理组织学检查．8例作免疫组化。结果：①病变部位前纵隔62例，中纵隔8例，后纵隔4例；②63例病理诊断明确：胸腺瘤16例。恶性淋巴瘤12例．转移性腺癌7例、鳞癌4例、小细胞癌2例，畸胎瘤、恶性精原细胞瘤各5例、内胚窦癌2例。神经纤维瘤、恶性神经鞘膜瘤、节细胞神经纤维瘤各1例，3例诊断为小圆细胞恶性肿瘤，3例为异型细胞。1例诊断为结核；③11例病理诊断不确定：临床诊断为恶性淋巴瘤1例、纵隔淋巴结结核1例，经手术病理诊断为胸腺瘤、纵隔脂肪瘤、血管肉瘤、纤维肉瘤各1例，2例失访；④穿刺活检正确率为85．1％，假阴性率为14．9％，未见假阳性病例；⑤气胸发生率为5．4％。为少量气胸，3例术后痰带血丝．1例纵隔局限性血肿。结论：CT导向下纵隔肿瘤穿刺活检术是纵隔病变安全而有效的诊断方法。     

新型同轴技术在前中纵隔肿块穿刺活检术中应用

目的 评价新型同轴技术在CT引导下经胸骨路径前中纵隔肿块穿刺活检术中的临床应用.方法 2014年6月-2015年6月共21例接受CT引导下经胸骨前中纵隔肿块穿刺活检术患者.先应用14 G Bonopty骨穿刺套针穿刺建立同轴,再用18G安捷泰穿刺活检针或全自动切割针沿同轴行旋切负压抽吸或切割,取穿刺组织满意后,送病理检查.结果 2例患者因第一次取材较少行第2次穿刺活检术.穿刺病理结果为胸腺瘤11例(A型l例,AB型3例,B1型1例,B2型3例,B3型1例,胸腺癌2例),良性胸腺增生1例,淋巴瘤5例,纵隔型鳞癌3例,纵隔型神经内分泌癌l例.恶性肿瘤诊断的灵敏度88.19％(16/18),阳性预测值100％(16/16),无假阳性.良性病变诊断的特异性3/3,阴性预测值3/5,总的诊断准确率90.5％％(19/21).术后并发症:出血2例,均为极少量.无需处理.结论 CT引导下经胸骨同轴穿刺前中纵隔肿块活检,准确性较高、并发症发生率低,值得应用.     

使用切割针行经皮纵隔肿块穿刺活检术

探讨ＣＴ引导下使用切割针行经皮纵隔肿块穿刺活检术的临床价值。材料和方法：对３２例纵隔肿块,使用１６～１９Ｇ切割针在ＣＴ引导下施行穿刺活检术,分别进行细胞学和组织学检查。结果：诊断准确性为９３．８％,假阴性率６．１％。并发症包括气胸（３例）、肺内出血（５例）、纵隔内出血（３例）,其发生与穿刺路径有关;总体发生率为３４．４％（１１／３２）,均无需特殊处理。结论：ＣＴ引导下经眼纵隔肿块切割活检术诊断准确     

螺旋CT引导下细针经皮肺穿活检术的临床运用

目的探讨螺旋CT引导下细针抽吸式经皮肺穿刺活检的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析我科进行的125例经皮肺穿刺活检病例,均为肺内或胸壁单发或多发肿块。结果125例患者穿刺成功125例,共穿刺130个肿块,明确诊断102例,其中肺鳞癌22例,肺腺癌45例,转移瘤5例,胸膜间皮瘤2例,淋巴瘤1例,肺吸虫病l例,肺内血肿l例,尘肺3例,肺错构瘤1例,炎性假瘤5例,结核瘤3例;13例未做病理分类,只报告查见癌细胞。穿刺活检总确诊率为81.6%,仅发生气胸7例。结论螺旋CT引导下细针抽吸式经皮肺穿刺活检术操作简便、费用低廉、检出阳性率高,并发症少,是一种简便、安全实用的检查方法。     

超声引导经皮肺穿刺活检在肺外周型病变诊断中的价值

目的探讨超声引导下经皮肺穿刺活检对肺外周型病变定性诊断的应用价值。方法在超声引导下对80例胸部影像学检查显示的肺周边型肿块需明确诊断者行超声引导下经皮肺穿刺活检术。结果 80例病人均穿刺成功,成功率100%。病理诊断结果:恶性肿瘤64例,其中鳞癌38例,腺癌20例,大细胞癌2例,小细胞癌2例,恶性淋巴瘤1例,恶性间皮瘤1例;良性病变16例,其中良性错构瘤1例,结核8例,炎症7例。并发气胸、咯血各1例,并发症发生率为3%。结论超声引导下经皮肺穿刺活检术具有定位准确、操作简便、安全性好、并发症少及重复性强等优点,可作为肺外周型病变定性诊断的首选诊断方法。     

320例胸部病变CT引导经皮穿刺活检总结

目的：评价CT引导经皮胸部穿刺术的诊断价值和并发症。材料和方法：收集资料完整的320例CT引导胸部穿刺活检病例作回顾性分析。肺部病变267例,纵隔病变30例,胸壁和胸膜病变23例。统计敏感性、特异性、准确性和并发症,并分析其影响因素。结果：191例穿刺确诊为恶性肿瘤。穿刺未发现癌细胞者129例,后经手术和随访证实其中属特征性阴性结果者58例,非特征性阴性结果46例,假阴性25例。未见假阳性,阳性预测值为100％（191／191）,敏感性为88．4％（191／216）,特异性为80．6％（104／129）,准确性为92．2％（295／320）,假阴性率为19．4％（25／129）。29例发生气胸,占9．1％（29／320）,但仅1．6％（5／320）需要引流处理。肺出血12例,咯血12例,纵隔血肿8例,均为少量,不需处理。结论：CT引导经皮胸部穿刺是敏感性高和安全的定性诊断方法,降低假阴性是进一步提高准确性的关键。     

CT引导下经皮穿刺同轴细针活检术诊断纵隔占位性病变40例

目的 评价CT引导下经皮穿刺同轴细针活检术对纵隔占位性病变诊断的技术成功率、诊断正确率和安全性.方法 在CT引导下采用18G带芯穿刺针穿刺40例纵隔占位性病变,然后经18G穿刺针的外套针同轴引入20 G切割活检细针对纵隔病变行经皮同轴穿刺活检.结果 40例患者的纵隔占位性病变接受41次活检,其中1例患者先后接受2次穿刺活检.CT证实41次经皮穿刺的穿刺针皆位于纵隔占位病灶内,37次活检病理结果与临床最终诊断相一致.本组资料穿刺技术成功率100％,穿刺活检诊断准确率90.2％.2例出现少量气胸,肺组织压缩程度小于20％,随访过程中自行吸收,无其他穿刺相关并发症发生.结论 CT引导下经皮同轴穿刺活检术诊断纵隔占位性病变是安全、准确、微创的介入诊断技术.     

CT引导下经皮穿刺活检对肝部恶性肿瘤的诊断价值分析

目的探讨分析CT引导下经皮穿刺活检对肝部恶性肿瘤的诊断价值。方法收集接受CT引导下经皮穿刺活检,且经病理证实的120例肝脏恶性肿瘤患者的临床资料,统计穿刺成功率、穿刺并发症发生情况及与病理诊断符合情况。结果 120例患者1次定位成功率98.33%,1次穿刺活检成功率为95.83%;穿刺后穿刺部位出现轻度疼痛41例,2例低热,2例肝包膜少量出血;120例中经皮穿刺活检确诊为肝脏恶性病变108例,病理阴性12例,但经术后证实1例为肝细胞肝癌,3例为腺癌,2例为未分化癌,1例为神经内分泌癌,1例为鳞癌,1例为小细胞癌,3例为未分类癌,经皮穿刺活检与手术病理及随访结果符合度为90.00%。结论 CT引导下经皮穿刺活检诊断肝部恶性肿瘤与手术病理符合度高,定位及穿刺成功率高。     

CT引导胸穿肺活检对纤支镜阴性的肺部肿块诊断价值

目的：评价CT引导下经胸穿肺活检对纤维支气管镜检查阴性的肺部肿块患的诊断价值。方法：搜集290例肺部肿块患接受CT引导下经胸穿肺活检，其中43例患曾接受过纤维支气管镜检查，又检查结果为阴性，回顾性分析了该43例患的病理结果、肿块大小和穿刺并发症情况。结果：发现恶性26例(腺癌11例、鳞癌8例、支气管肺泡癌3例、未分化癌和腺鳞癌各2例)；良性4例(结核2例、结节病1例、炎性假瘤1例)；仍有13例未能明确结果，该13例中有6例因诊断或治疗的原因行手术治疗，发现5例为恶性(鳞癌2例、未分化癌1例、小细胞癌1例、腺癌1例)，1例为良性病变(结核)。结论：CT引导下经胸穿肺活检对纤维支气管镜检查阴性的肺部肿块患有很高的临床价值，它的明确诊断率与部位关系不大，而与肿块的大小正相关。     

Percutaneous needle evaluation of intradural extramedullary lesions of the lumbar spine

Summary A total of eight patients in whom five intradural extramedullary lesions and three epidural lesions were present were evaluated by percutaneous needle biopsy. In four patients the level of aspiration biopsy was determined using the initial myelogram and in those patients fluoroscopic guided percutaneous needle biopsies were performed. Three of these patients had large intradural extramedullary masses (above 1 cm); one patient had an epidural lesion. Diagnostic material was obtained in all cases (medulloblastoma, astrocytoma, small cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma). Immediate post procedure CT and clinical followup showed no complications. In three patients with small lesions (below 1 cm), post myelographic CT was used to determine the level of aspiration. Post myelographic CT showed an intradural extramedullary mass in one patient and epidural lesions in two cases. Plain CT showed a high attenuation lesion in one patient. CT guided percutaneous needle biopsies in these four patients yielded diagnostic specimens (neurofibroma, uroepithelial carcinoma, hematoma, Thorotrast deposit). Clinical follow up showed no complications. Our experience indicates that percutaneous needle biopsy of intradural extramedullary and epidural lesions of the lumbar spine is safe and efficacious. Depending upon the size of the lesions, myelography or CT can be utilized to determine the level of aspiration.     

肺外伤性血肿的影像学诊断

目的:总结肺外伤性血肿的影像学表现。方法:回顾性总结分析13例肺外伤性血肿的影像学资料。结果:13例肺外伤性血肿单发11例、多发2例,共计15个血肿,其中发生在右肺上叶4个、右肺中叶2个、右肺下叶3个、左肺上叶2个、左肺下叶4个。血肿均表现为圆形、椭圆形,早期边缘模糊、迟发边缘光整。13例患者于伤后1~3h内均进行首次胸部影像学检查,发现肺挫伤、肺撕裂伤、气胸、液气胸、肋骨、脊椎及锁骨、肩胛骨骨折及胸壁挫伤等11例,而发现血肿仅2例。伤后1周内复查新发现血肿4例,而7例血肿为1周后复查发现,最长1例为外伤6个月后发现。13例肺外伤性血肿病例中11例经影像学动态观察证实、2例经皮穿刺证实。结论:X线、CT影像学检查是发现和诊断肺外伤性血肿最佳方法,CT检查优于X线,动态变化是肺外伤性血肿的特征性影像表现。     

纵隔血肿的 CT诊断

目的 分析纵隔血肿的CT表现,以提高其诊断水平。资料与方法 回顾性分析19例经临床、手术证实的纵隔血肿资料。结果 前纵隔血肿8例,其中片状血肿6例,结节状血肿1例,团块状血肿1例;中纵隔血肿2例,均呈结节状;后纵隔血肿4例,其中片状血肿2例,团块状血肿2例;弥漫性纵隔血肿5例,均呈片状。结论 心脏大血管的损伤往往导致弥漫性纵隔血肿,小血管损伤导致的纵隔血肿大多比较局限。CT扫描对于纵隔血肿的诊断具有重要价值。     

多层CT对肺孤立性病灶支气管改变的评价

目的:探讨肺孤立性病灶支气管改变的MSCT表现及其诊断价值.方法:回顾性分析27例经病理或随访证实的肺孤立性病灶支气管改变的CT表现.结果:CT显示支气管截断征14例(51.9%),其中周围型腺癌8例,鳞癌1例,腺鳞癌1例,恶性淋巴瘤1例,转移性恶性黑色素瘤1例,结核和炎性肉芽肿各1例;含气支气管征16例(59.3%),其中以腺癌最多见(10例);支气管在病灶边缘走行4例(14.8%),其中腺癌2例,肺泡癌1例,炎性肉芽肿1例;支气管受病灶牵拉移向病灶3例(11.1%),包括鳞癌1例,腺鳞癌1例,结核1例.结论:MSCT能够很好地评价肺孤立性病灶的支气管改变,对肺癌的诊断和鉴别诊断有重要的临床价值.     

纵隔低密度肿块病变的CT诊断

目的：提高纵隔低密度肿块病变的CT诊断水平。方法：回顾性分析52例经临床、手术及病理确诊的纵隔低密度肿块病例资料。结果：52例中皮样囊肿4例，畸胎瘤6例，胸腺囊肿3例，支气管囊肿5例，心包囊肿4例，脂肪瘤1例，胸内甲状腺肿囊变4例，胸腺瘤囊变5例，淋巴结肿囊变7例(淋巴瘤2例，淋巴结结核5例)，神经源性肿瘤囊变4例(神经节细胞瘤1例，神经鞘瘤2例，恶性神经纤维瘤1例)，纵隔血肿2例，纵隔脓肿6例。CT诊断正功率92．3％(48／52)。结论：纵隔低密度病变种类较多。CT检查可清楚显示病变的部位与特点，结合临床表现一般能作出准确的术前诊断。     

Surveillance CT and the prompt use of CT-guided fine-needle aspiration in patients with head and neck cancer who have undergone surgery

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the usefulness of prompt CT-guided fine-needle aspiration in the evaluation of suspected tumor recurrence seen on surveillance images of patients who had undergone surgery for head and neck cancer. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We reviewed 32 patients who had undergone CT-guided fine-needle aspiration after surgery for head and neck cancer. CT-guided fine-needle aspiration was performed with a 22-gauge spinal needle and a cytopathologist was present to assess the adequacy of the biopsy sample. As many as five needle passes were made. RESULTS: Of the 32 cases, pathologic findings revealed squamous cell carcinoma (n = 27), mucoepidermoid carcinoma (n = 2), neuroendocrine carcinoma (n = 1), papillary thyroid carcinoma (n = 1), and adenocarcinoma (n = 1). In 20 cases (62.5%) the results of CT-guided fine-needle aspiration were positive for tumor recurrence, whereas in 11 cases (34.4%) the results were negative. In one case (3.1%) the results were nondiagnostic. Of the 11 patients with negative findings on CT-guided fine-needle aspiration, two patients had a subsequent recurrence that was not at the biopsy site. There were no complications from the procedure. CONCLUSION: When a radiologist who is trained in head and neck imaging identifies with CT a possible early recurrence of tumor, the prompt use of CT-guided fine-needle aspiration is an effective way to diagnose these tumors so that appropriate treatment can be initiated.     

Primary tumors and mediastinal lymph nodes after neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy of lung cancer: serial CT findings with pathologic correlation

PURPOSE: The purpose of this work was to describe the changes of primary tumor and mediastinal lymph nodes on CT after neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy and to correlate the CT findings with pathology. METHOD: Twenty-one consecutive patients [N2 disease (n = 19) or resectable T4 and N2 disease (n = 2)] with non-small cell lung cancer underwent neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Changes of primary tumor and mediastinal nodes before and after the therapy were assessed using CT. The CT findings were correlated with pathologic findings. RESULTS: With neoadjuvant therapy, decrease in T stage was achieved in 9 of 21 (43%) patients on CT. On pathology, the remaining tumor consisted mostly of fibrosis and necrosis with little proportion of viable tumor cells (mean volume 17%, range 0-55%). Decrease in nodal stage was achieved in 14 of 21 (67%) patients on pathologic examination. Seven patients had cancer cells in mediastinal lymph nodes: in 6 of 9 (67%) patients with adenocarcinoma and 1 of 12 (8%) patients with squamous cell carcinoma (p = 0.016). CONCLUSION: With neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy, the remaining tumor consists mostly of fibrosis or necrosis. Decreased nodal stage on pathology is achieved especially in patients with N2 disease of squamous cell carcinoma. The CT findings of the tumor and mediastinal nodes are not helpful in predicting the pathology after the therapy.     

腮腺原发恶性肿瘤的CT表现

目的：分析腮腺各类型原发恶性肿瘤的CT表现，了解其影像学特点，资料与方法。分析经手术及病理证实的腮腺原发恶性肿瘤19例，包括粘液表皮样癌8例，腺泡细胞癌及腺癌各3例，鳞状细胞癌及恶性混合瘤各2例，腺样囊性癌1例。结果：临床有面神经受累症状者7例，其中6例肿瘤侵及深，浅二叶。19例中，5例肿物呈圆形或椭圆形，14例呈不规则形；6例边缘清楚，13例边缘不清楚并伴有不同程度的周围结构受侵。17例行增强扫描，肿瘤均有不同程度的强化，其中10例明显强化。肿瘤密度均匀2例，不均匀15例，内部有不同形态的低密度区，其中4例中央有大片低密度坏死，9例合并有颈部淋巴结肿大。结论：面神经受累症状为腮腺恶性肿瘤的临床特点，如肿瘤侵及深，浅二叶时诊断更为可靠；肿物边缘不规则，边界不清楚，明显强化，内部密度不均匀以及颈部淋巴结肿大为腮腺原发恶性肿瘤的影像学特点。