肝肿瘤细胞DNA倍体分析中选择参照细胞核的依据

目的　利用细胞图像分析仪测量小鼠肝细胞涂片的 DNA含量 ,探讨细胞图像光度术 (ICM)和流式细胞光度术 (FCM)分析肝肿瘤细胞核 DNA倍体时 ,选取参照细胞核的原则。方法　本文选取 10只成年健康雄性小白鼠的肝组织涂片 ,Feulgen染色 ,TIGER细胞图像分析仪测量单个完整肝细胞核的 DNA含量与倍体。结果　 (1)不同小鼠同一倍体的肝细胞核 DNA含量大致相同 ;(2 )二、四、八和十六倍体肝细胞单个核 DNA含量间的比值接近 2、4、8,它们的 CV<8.0 %;(3)当仅出现二倍体和四倍体时 ,以二倍体的细胞核为主 (80 .4%) ,伴随八倍体和十六倍体的出现 ,四倍体肝细胞核所占百分率大于二倍体。结论　由于肝细胞具有多核和多 DNA倍体的特点 ,分析和计算肝脏肿瘤细胞核 DNA倍体和其它指标时 ,不能简单地遵循以同种属、同个体、同源的正常二倍体肝细胞核作为参照细胞核 ,正常四倍体和八倍体甚至十六倍体肝细胞核作为参照细胞核也应该加以考虑。     

组织原位分析鼻咽癌细胞核DNA干系倍体及其异质性

组织原位分析鼻咽癌细胞核的DNA干系倍体及其异质性。收集42例鼻咽癌病例的归档蜡块,4μm、8μm连续组织学切片各一张。每个病例选取三个癌巢或肿瘤组织区域(共126个样本),使用TIGER细胞图像分析仪4μm组织切片测量鼻咽癌细胞核DNA的光密度等参数,8μm组织切片测量单个完整鼻咽癌细胞核的体积等参数,计算获得每个癌巢或肿瘤组织区域的以单个完整鼻咽癌细胞核的体积为单位的DNA含量(以体积积分光密度表述),以同一切片内正常鼻咽部上皮非基底细胞作为其内参照,计算其DNA干系倍体。结果显示:鼻咽癌细胞核的DNA干系倍体主要集中在1.76～3.00(DNA指数为0.88～1.50)之间,14个样本为DNA干系四倍体,仅2个样本为DNA干系亚二倍体;DNA干系倍体异质性率为66.67%。可得结论:(1)鼻咽癌DNA干系倍体主要在近二倍体与近四倍体之间;(2)鼻咽癌中存在DNA干系倍体异质性。     

成人正常肝和肝细胞癌DNA干系倍体的组织原位分析

目的分析成人正常肝和肝细胞癌DNA干系倍体及细胞核形态学参数的变化。方法：选取15例成人正常肝和45例肝细胞癌患者的归档蜡块,分别制备4μm、10μm的连续组织学切片,利用TIGER 920G1细胞图像分析仪测量DNA干系倍体值及细胞核形态学参数。结果（1）成人正常肝DNA干系倍体主要以二倍体（73%）为主。（2）肝细胞癌的DNA指数在0.86~9.32之间。45例肝细胞癌病例中DNA干系倍体异质性率为77.8%,其中,34例（75.6%）为DNA干系非整倍体肿瘤,11例（24.4%）为近四/八/十六倍体肿瘤,无1例为DNA干系二倍体肿瘤。结论细胞核DNA干系倍体和细胞核形态学参数分析可作为鉴别人正常肝和肝细胞癌的参考指标。     

应用流式细胞术探讨大肠癌细胞DNA倍体类型与预后的关系

目的探讨大肠癌细胞DNA倍体类型与预后的关系.方法应用流式细胞术对125例大肠癌术后标本的石蜡包埋组织块进行DNA含量分析.结果异倍体肿瘤占63.2%(79/125),二倍体肿瘤占36.8%(46/125).二倍体肿瘤的DNA含量明显低于异倍体肿瘤;二倍体肿瘤的G0/G1期细胞数明显高于异倍体肿瘤,而S、G2M期细胞数则明显低于异倍体肿瘤.大肠癌DNA倍体类型与病人一般临床病理特征如:年龄、性别、病理分级,Dukes分期等均无明显关系,但与病人的预后有明显的关系:二倍体肿瘤病人的五年生存率为76.8%;非二倍体肿瘤病人的五年生存率为23.9%,二者经统计学处理的极显著差异(P＜0.01).在同一临床分期及病理分级中,也显示同样的结果.结论大肠癌DNA倍体性的分析可以作为判定病人预后的一项客观指标,是对Dukes分期及病理组织学分级的一个极有价值的补充指标.     

组织切片对细胞核DNA含量检测的影响

目的探讨组织切片对图像分析仪测量细胞核DNA含量的影响。方法选取10只成年健康雄性小鼠,制备肝细胞涂片和肝组织切片,肝组织切片分成两部分,分别用于Feulgen染色和石蜡包埋,包埋后的组织采用垂直切片,图像分析仪测量切片实际厚度,依据切片机标识厚度和测量厚度分别分组,TIGER细胞图像分析仪分别测量肝细胞涂片和组织切片内肝细胞核的积分光密度(IOD)。结果肝细胞涂片内各DNA含量倍体肝细胞核IOD间的比值接近2和4,IOD之变异系数(CV值)<3.5,肝组织切片IOD间比值明显偏离2和4,IOD之CV值均>6;切片机标识厚度为4、6、8和10μm组织切片平均测量厚度分别为6.75、7.18、6.96和7.59μm,测量厚度最大值为9.25μm,最小值为4.62μm;依据切片机标识厚度分组中不同切片厚度相同DNA含量倍体肝细胞核的IOD值差异均无统计学意义;依据测量厚度重新分组后5、6微米组与7、8、9微米组IOD值间的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论组织切片的实际厚度与切片机标识厚度间存在明显差异,本实验方法可较准确地判断组织切片厚度;厚组织切片测量结果优于薄组织切片,但与细胞涂片相比,厚组织切片仍难...     

DNA含量和S期细胞比值与食管癌生物学特性的关系

目的 :研究食管癌患者不同组织细胞的DNA含量、S期细胞比值 (SPF)及倍体状态与临床病理特性的关系。方法 :应用流式细胞仪检测食管癌患者新鲜手术标本食管癌组织、癌旁组织、正常食管粘膜及淋巴结中DNA含量及S期细胞比值。结果 :食管癌组织的异倍体发生率明显高于癌旁组织、正常食管粘膜和淋巴结 (P <0 0 5)。二倍体组织之间的细胞DI差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5)。异倍体与二倍体细胞同一组织之间、异倍体组癌组织与癌旁组织、癌组织与正常组织、癌旁组织与淋巴结、正常组织与淋巴结之间DI差异显著 (P <0 0 5)。在二倍体组中癌组织与正常组织、癌组织与淋巴结之间SPE之间差异显著 (P <0 0 5)。DNA倍体与患者性别、肿瘤部位及大体病理类型等无关 (P >0 0 5) ,而与肿瘤分化程度、浸润深度及淋巴结状况有关 (P <0 0 5)。结论 :食管癌DNA倍体及SPF均与肿瘤的增殖活性有关 ,有助于对食管癌生物学行为的了解和患者预后的判断。     

石蜡包埋组织DNA含量的流式细胞分析对恶性淋巴瘤的诊断价值

 目的 探讨流式细胞术（FCM）对恶性淋巴瘤的DNA含量分析在肿瘤诊断、临床分期、分类中的意义。方法 采用流式细胞仪检测48例恶性淋巴瘤（ML）和30例淋巴结反应性增生（RLN）,石蜡包埋组织,并分析它们的DNA倍体及细胞周期变化。结果 48例恶性淋巴瘤石蜡包埋组织样本中17例为异二倍体,31例为二倍体,30例RLN为二倍体。恶性淋巴瘤的S期细胞比率（SPF）、增生指数（PI）均高于淋巴结反应性增生（P＜0.05）。结论 异倍体的出现对恶性淋巴瘤的诊断具有较高特异性。SPF,PI对恶性淋巴瘤和淋巴结反应性增生的鉴别具有重要意义。     

乳腺癌细胞核DNA含量不同分析方法的比较

目的:比较组织原位分析乳腺癌细胞核DNA含量的不同方法。方法:收集30例乳腺癌标本的归档蜡块,4m和相邻8m切片各一张,Feulgen染色,采用TIGER细胞图像分析仪测量每个癌巢的以单个完整细胞核体积为单位计算的DNA指数和以细胞核切面面积为单位计算的DNA指数,它们均以同一病例正常上皮细胞核作内参照。结果:(1)同一病例的VIOD分布直方图比IOD更集中;(2)30例标本的90个样本中,以VIOD为单位所测得的DI值比以IOD为单位测得的DI值高。结论:使用细胞图像分析仪对组织切片内细胞核DNA含量进行定量分析时,应以单个完整细胞核体积的DNA含量为单位,计算DI值。     

三种Feulgen染色方法的比较

目的探索一种快速的Feulgen染色方法,并尝试其在细胞核DNA含量分析中的应用。方法选取十只健康小白鼠的肝细胞涂片,每只小白鼠的肝细胞涂片分成三组,采用快速Feulgen染色法、改良Feulgen染色法、传统Feulgen染色法对这三组分别染色,用TIGER细胞图像分析仪测量肝细胞涂片内单个完整肝细胞核的DNA含量,比较各组染色效果和肝细胞核DNA含量的测量结果。结果应用快速Feulgen染色法,获得了满意的效果,细胞核染色深,结构清晰,背景着色淡,而所需染色时间仅为15分钟;同一种方法染色的不同小鼠肝细胞涂片,相同DNA含量倍体肝细胞核的DNA含量均值的变异系数(CV)<10%,CV(快速)IOD(改良)>IOD(传统);各组2、4、8倍体肝细胞核DNA含量间的比值均接近2或4;结论此种快速Feulgen染色方法优于其他两种方法,可应用于图像分析系统对细胞核DNA含量与倍体的测量和分析。     

组织原位测算单个肝细胞核的DNA总量

目的再次探讨利用图像分析系统在组织切片原位测算以单个完整细胞（核）体积为单位的化学物质总量方法的可靠性。方法选取10只成年健康雄性昆明小鼠,每只小鼠按常规制片方法制作4μm和11μm两种厚度的肝组织切片各一张,改良Feulgen染色,应用细胞图像分析仪在组织原位测量和计算以单个完整二倍体、四倍体和八倍体肝细胞核体积为单位的DNA总量。结果组织原位测算的以单个完整二倍体、四倍体、八倍体肝细胞核体积为单位的DNA总量间的比值基本上呈2或4的倍数关系。结论应用细胞图像分析仪在组织切片原位通过合适的抽样和测量计算,可较准确地获得以单个完整细胞（核）体积为单位的化学物质总量。     

Ringworm in animals in a farm in Assiut

Bericht über das Auftreten von Hautmykosen bei Tieren auf der Farm der Landwirtschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Assiut. Von 70 Kälbern waren 42 pilzkrank, davon 22 durch T. mentagrophytes, 20 durch T. verrucosum. Von 180 Kühen waren 8 pilzbefalien, sämtlich durch T. mentagrophytes. Von 2 kranken Bullen wurde T. verrucosum isoliert. Auch die 3 Pferde und 2 Maultiere der Farm waren pilzinfiziert; Erreger war in diesen Fällen T. equinum. Auch ein Kalb war von T. equinum befallen. Die gleiche Pilzart wurde ferner von 3 Tierpflegern isoliert, die Pilzherde am Hals und an den Armen aufwiesen.     

Statistical challenges in preprocessing in microarray experiments in cancer

Many clinical studies incorporate genomic experiments to investigate the potential associations between high-dimensional molecular data and clinical outcome. A critical first step in the statistical analyses of these experiments is that the molecular data are preprocessed. This article provides an overview of preprocessing methods, including summary algorithms and quality control metrics for microarrays. Some of the ramifications and effects that preprocessing methods have on the statistical results are illustrated. The discussions are centered around a microarray experiment based on lung cancer tumor samples with survival as the clinical outcome of interest. The procedures that are presented focus on the array platform used in this study. However, many of these issues are more general and are applicable to other instruments for genome-wide investigation. The discussions here will provide insight into the statistical challenges in preprocessing microarrays used in clinical studies of cancer. These challenges should not be viewed as inconsequential nuisances but rather as important issues that need to be addressed so that informed conclusions can be drawn.     

Trends in zygomycosis in children

Zygomycosis, or mucormycosis, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in both children and adults. Studies in adults have shown an increase in the incidence of zygomycosis, particularly among haemtopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients and patients with haematologic malignancies. There is a paucity of data on the epidemiology of zygomycosis in children. We performed a retrospective analysis to describe trends in zygomycosis between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2010. We used the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database to identify paediatric patients who were diagnosed with zygomycosis during the study period. Administrative data on diagnoses, demographics, underlying conditions and clinical experiences were collected. Summary statistics were calculated and tests for trend were conducted. We identified 156 unique patients with zygomycosis. The prevalence of zygomycosis did not significantly increase over time (P=0.284). The most common underlying condition was malignancy (58%) and over half received intensive care. Voriconazole utilisation among all hospitalised children significantly increased during the period (P=0.010). Our study demonstrates that the incidence of zygomycosis is not significantly increasing. During the time period there was a significant increase in the use of voriconazole among children.     

Hemoglobin in lymphogranulomatosis in children

The peculiarities of hemoglobin content and properties in lymphogranulomatosis were studied in children by different methods. In most patients the content of fetal hemoglobin and methhemoglobin was found to increase and the rate of ferricyanide oxidation of hemoglobin also increases. Simultaneously, the rate of non-homogenicity of basic hemoglobin fractions was observed to increase on account of immunologically different components.     

Dermatomycosis in Goats in India

Summary: In an extensive survey involving 2176 goats 1.56% of goats manifested clinical lesions of ringworm infection. Animals below the age of 6 months were affected most (4.20%). The incidence of infection was higher during the winter months. T. verrucosum, T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum were isolated from the skin scrapings of 12, 4, and 2 goats respectively. It is suggested that the infected animals could be a source of disease to human population in which the zoophilic dermatophyte invasion is characterized by severe inflammatory lesions of the skin. The zoonotic importance of different dermatophytes is stressed.
Zusammenfassung: In einer ausgedehnten Untersuchung an 2176 Ziegen wurden bei 1,56% klinische Zeichen einer Hautmykose festgestellt. Tiere, die jühger als 6 Monate alt waren, zeigten mit 4,20% am häfigsten Krankheitssymptome. In den Wintermonaten war die Erkrankungshäufigkeit am gröBten. T. vermcosum, T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum wurden jeweils von 12,4 bzw. 2 Ziegen isoliert. Die inflzierten Tiere köinnen eine Infektionsquelle für die menschliche Bevölkerung darstellen und dort Mykosen mit stark entzündlichen Veränderungen auslösen. Die Bedeutung verschiedener Dermatophyten als Erreger von Zoonosen wird hervorgehoben.     

Sex hormones in women in rural China and in Britain

Plasma concentrations of certain hormones linked to breast cancer risk were measured in age-pooled samples from 3,250 rural Chinese women in 65 counties, and 300 British women, all aged 35-64. In age-groups 35-44, 45-54 and 55-64 respectively, mean oestradiol concentrations were 36% (P = 0.043), 90% (P less than 0.001) and 171% (P = 0.001) higher in the British than in the Chinese women, and mean testosterone concentrations were 48% (P less than 0.001), 68% (P less than 0.001) and 53% (P = 0.001) higher in the British than in the Chinese women. The difference in testosterone concentrations between the two countries appeared to be due largely to the lower average body weight in the Chinese women. Sex hormone binding globulin did not differ significantly between the two countries in age groups 35-44 and 45-54, but was 15% (P = 0.002) lower in the British than in the Chinese women at ages 55-64. Prolactin concentrations did not differ significantly between the two countries in any age group.     

Temozolomide treatment in glioma--experiences in two university hospitals in Finland

Thirty-two patients with relapsing glioma were treated with temozolomide in two university hospitals in Finland. One patient (3%) had complete response and 9 (28%) partial response, with 8 patients (25%) showing stable disease. Median progression-free survival for these 18 patients (56%) was 7 months (range 2-11+). The remaining either had progressive disease (25%) or only clinical evaluation (19%). Karnofsky score improved in 34% of patients and decreased in 3%. Symptoms were alleviated in 44% and deteriorated in 9%. Grade 3-4 toxicity was detected in 9% of the patients. Only 4% of the days in treatment were spent in hospital. An average 1.8 neuroradiological investigations, 6.9 laboratory visits, and 5.3 visits to the oncologist were made. This study confirms that temozolomide has positive effects on the outcome of often heavily pretreated glioma patients. High drug costs are compensated by prolonged home care and even the possibility to maintain working capacity.