葡糖基转移酶抗体的防龋研究

目的 为了从病因学的角度对龋齿进行了有效防治。方法 通过使用从免疫乳中提取物葡糖基转移酶缺体后，对唾液中游离型该酶的活性影响，及儿童近期新龋发生率的观察和比较。结果 该抗体可显著降低口腔唾液中的游离型葡糖基转移酶的活性，并取得明显近期防龋作用。结论 该方法是一种安全可靠的防龋新途径。     

儿童乳牙龋中变形链球菌临床分离株葡糖基转移酶催化活性区cat基因的遗传多态性

目的:探讨变形链球菌葡糖基转移酶催化活性区cat基因的遗传多态性与不同龋敏感儿童龋病发生的关系。方法:随机选取60名3～5岁的高龋、中龋及无龋儿童,取牙面菌斑样本接种于MS培养基上,每人随机挑取1～5株临床分离株,提取细菌染色体DNA,经PCR扩增cat基因片段,分别采用限制性内切酶HinfⅠ、MboⅠ、TaqⅠ进行限制性片段长度多态性分析,对不同龋敏感者口腔变形链球菌临床分离株进行基因分型。结果:不同龋敏感儿童变形链球菌临床分离株经限制性内切酶HinfⅠ酶切后,限制性片段长度多态性分析酶谱出现了差异,且各组差异经卡方分析有统计学意义。MboⅠ、TaqⅠ限制性内切酶酶切后,限制性片段长度多态性分析酶谱没有差异。结论:不同龋敏感儿童变形链球菌葡糖基转移酶催化活性区cat基因型不同,并可能在一定程度上与变形链球菌利用葡糖基转移酶合成胞外多糖的能力相关。     

10例类孟买表型α1,2岩藻糖基转移酶基因序列分析

目的:分析10例类孟买血型表型的α1,2岩藻糖基转移酶基因序列情况。方法:ABO、H抗原检测采用血清学方法,利用PCR技术扩增FUT1编码区序列,PCR产物双酶切后直接测序分析。杂合子突变标本采用TOPO TA技术分离得到单链。结果:类孟买血型表型红细胞缺乏H抗原,与抗H试剂不凝集。10例标本直接测定FUT1基因编码区序列,3例为第547-552位AG两碱基缺失(CAGAGAG→CAGAG)纯合子,其它7例为有不同突变点的杂合子。单体型分析显示存在235C、293T、547-552delAG、658T、35T+682G、880-882delTT等6种单体型。结论:类孟买血型存在多种分子遗传机制,最常见单体型为547-552delAG。     

岩藻糖基转移酶2基因多态性与早产儿肺部感染易感性的关联

目的 探讨岩藻糖基转移酶2(FUT2)基因多态性与早产儿肺部感染的易感性。方法 选择温州市中西医结合医院新生儿科2019年1月-2021年1月收治的合并肺部感染的早产儿75例为肺部感染组,按照1∶1比例选择同期医院出生未合并肺部感染的早产儿75例为非肺部感染组。采用限制性片段长度多态性聚合酶链反应(PCR-RFLP)检测FUT2基因rs271377位点和rs1047781位点基因型分布。结果 肺部感染组出生时体质量(2177.83±352.57)g低于非肺部感染组(P<0.05),合并新生儿窒息29例(38.67%),占比高于非肺部感染组(P<0.05);肺部感染组rs1047781位点TT基因型(34.67%)和T等位基因频率(50.00%)均高于非肺部感染组(P<0.05);两组rs271377位点基因型及等位基因频率比较差异无统计学意义;多因素非条件Logistics回归分析结果,出生时体质量、合并新生儿窒息、FUT2基因rs1047781位点TT基因型及T等位基因为早产儿肺部感染的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论 FUT2基因rs1047781位点TT基因...     

氟化物防龋和免疫防龋对学龄前儿童龋病的预防效果及对链球菌菌群变化的影响

目的探讨分析氟化物防龋和免疫防龋对学龄前儿童龋病的预防效果及对链球菌菌群变化的影响。方法选取襄阳市1 247名幼儿园儿童,以班级为整体进行随机分组,分为氟化物组417名、免疫组424名、对照组406名,氟化物组儿童每6个月涂多乐氟,免疫组儿童每天使用复合抗龋齿变异链球菌免疫球蛋白(IgY)喷剂,对照组未进行任何处理。3组儿童随访2年,观察儿童患龋情况以及口腔链球菌变化情况。结果氟化物组398名儿童完成随访,失访19名,失访率为4.56%;免疫组386例完成随访,失访38名,失访率为8.96%;对照组399例完成随访,失访7名,失访率为1.72%。3组儿童患龋率、龋均以及龋面均比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。对于无龋儿童,氟化物组预防效果较免疫组更佳,而对于整体儿童而言,免疫组儿童的预防效果较氟化物组儿童更佳。氟化物组与对照组比较,不同干预时间的唾液总链球菌属差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05);免疫组儿童干预12个月、18个月以及24个月,唾液总链球菌属数量显著低于同期的对照组和氟化物组(P<0.05)。结论氟化物防龋以及免疫防龋均可有效预防学龄前儿童龋病的发生,对于无龋儿童采取氟化物预防的效果更佳,而对于整体儿童而言,采取抗变异链球菌IgY防龋喷剂可有效降低儿童口腔链球菌菌属数量。     

窝沟封闭的防龋效果

龋齿是世界卫生组织提出重要防治的三大非传染性疾病之一。目前国内外学者认为预防窝沟龋的最有效的方法是窝沟封闭术。窝沟封闭剂是一种合成的高分子材料。近年来，青少年龋齿患病率逐年增高，使用其封闭磨牙咬面的窝沟，可以有效的预防窝沟龋的发生。我们使用窝沟封闭剂治疗56例磨牙的窝沟．使用方便、无痛苦。本文针对门     

氟保护漆防龋效果观察

目的：观察氟保护漆的防龋效果及学生接受程度。方法：将1666名8－9岁学生分三组进行了一年半的观察，比较各组的患龋率、龋均及新生龋情况．调查并观察学生反应。结果：乳牙新生龋降低率为70．0％，恒牙新生龋降低率为82．4％，且无不良反应。结论：氟保护漆不但防龋效果好，而且操作简便，不易引起交叉感染，无不良反应，学生易于接受。     

窝沟封闭防龋临床治疗体会

目的 观察窝沟封闭对(牙合)面窝沟龋预防效果。方法 对7岁左右413名儿童第一恒磨牙完全萌出而无龋病发生的,采用半口封闭,半口对照的方法观察窝沟封闭的疗效。结果 治疗组826牙有6牙患龋病,对照组826牙有78牙患龋病,窝沟封闭保护率达92.3％。结论 窝沟封闭对预防窝沟龋具有显著效果。     

氟离子透入防龋的卫生学问题

氟化钠预防龋齿的研究已有四十余年的历史,大量的临床实践证明,无论全身或局都应用都是有效的。自1988年氟离子透入防朗在我市中小学校中推广使用,至今已有7个年头．这种群防工作,对减少学生的阐齿发病,起到了积极的作用,但其中也存在着一些卫生学问题。1存在细菌污染的问题氛离子透入的使用方法是：口膜中先装置棉条,然后放进氟化钠溶液中浸泡,用手指挤压棉苗部分,使整个棉条均匀包含药液,再将此口膜放入学生口中。护齿仪输出线的绔鱼夹夹在口膜手柄上,另一输出线的电极板握在学生手中,接通仪器电源开关开始工作。在这一系列过…     

对免疫防龋新进展的探讨

龋病被认为是人类最普遍的感染性疾病。近年来，运用免疫学手段控制龋病更为其研究的热点。大量研究证实，主动免疫与被动免疫均为有效的防龋手段。我们就近期国内外免疫防龋的研究动态作一评述。     

氟化泡沫防龋效果观察

龋齿是口腔常见病之一,尤其在儿童青少年中发病较高,不仅造成局部牙患,而且影响儿童的生长发育和全身健康,是学生六病防治的重点之一[1]。氟化泡沫是目前公认有效的一种新型局部防龋材料,它能增强牙釉质表面的抗酸能力和再矿化能力[2]。为了推动我县龋病防治工作,更好地保护儿童牙齿健康,我们于2008年9月进行了氟化泡沫防龋效果观察。     

Detection of antibodies to hepatits C virus in dialysis patients

Dialysis patients are at risk for infection by a variety of blood-borne agents trasmitted within dialysis units.The development of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) screening test prompted many studies on the prevalence of anti-HCV among dialysis patients.The authors have evaluated the prevalence of anti-HCV in 405 hemodialysis patients both by Elisa screening and 4-RIBA test system with a follow-up of two years.The study showed a difference in the incidence of antibodies to HCV by year. In 1990, 15.2% were positive with an increase to 20.8% in 1991. There was an increase of 5% in dialysis patients and only 1.9% in the personnel working in the dialysis ward.Another control group of volunteers did not show any positivity. In addition, the correlations of the antibodies against HCV with markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and history of transfusion were evaluated.These findings suggest that the patients found to be positive should be dialyzed on separate machines and special precautions must be undertaken to reduce the risk of transmission.     

Intramuscular administration of AAV overcomes pre-existing neutralizing antibodies in rhesus macaques

The seroprevalence of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) to adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector capsids may preclude a percentage of the population from receiving gene therapy, particularly following systemic vector administration. We hypothesized that the use of intramuscular (IM) administration of AAV vectors might circumvent this issue. IM injections were used to administer AAV8 vectors expressing either secreted or non-secreted transgenes into mice and the influence of NAbs supplied by pre-administration of pooled human IgG on transgene expression was evaluated. We then studied the impact of naturally occurring pre-existing AAV8 NAbs on expression of a secreted transgene following IM vector delivery in rhesus macaques. Finally, we evaluated the ability to readminister AAV vectors via IM injections in rhesus macaques. In mice, the presence of AAV8 NAbs had no effect on gene expression in the injected skeletal muscle. However, liver transgene expression following hepatic distribution of the vector was ablated. In rhesus macaques, naturally occurring pre-existing AAV8 NAb titers of ⩽1:160 had no effect on expression levels of a secreted transgene after IM delivery of the vector. Additionally, readministration of AAV vectors was possible by IM injection into the previously injected muscle groups, with no effect on transgene expression by the original vector. Therefore, the presence of pre-existing NAbs in the human population should not preclude subjects from receiving gene therapy by IM administration of the vector so long as sufficient levels of secreted transgene expression can be produced without the involvement of liver.     

Deciphering the domain specificity of C. difficile toxin neutralizing antibodies

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is the principal cause of nosocomial diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis associated with antibiotic therapy. The pathological effects of CDI are primarily attributed to toxins A (TcdA) and B (TcdB). Adequate toxin-specific antibody responses are associated with asymptomatic carriage, whereas insufficient humoral responses are associated with recurrent CDI. While the data supporting the importance of anti-toxin antibodies are substantial, clarity about the toxin domain specificity of these antibodies is more limited. To investigate this matter, combinations of human mAbs targeting multiple domains of TcdB were assessed using toxin neutralization assays. These data revealed that a combination of mAbs specific to all major toxin domains had improved neutralizing potency when compared to equivalent concentrations of a single mAb or a combination of mAbs against one or two domains. The function and toxin domain binding specificity of serum antibodies elicited by immunization of hamsters with a toxoid vaccine candidate was also assessed. Immunization with a toxoid vaccine candidate provoked toxin neutralizing antibodies specific to multiple domains of both TcdA and TcdB. When assessed in a toxin neutralization assay, polyclonal sera displayed greater activity against elevated concentrations of toxins than equivalent concentrations of individual mAbs. These data suggest a potential benefit of any antibody based therapeutic or prophylactic treatment that targets multiple toxin domains.     

Anticaries effectiveness of fluoride toothpaste: a meta-analysis

OBJECTIVE: To carry out a meta-analysis on the effectiveness of fluoride toothpaste for reducing dental caries to calculate the effect size of different hypothesis. METHODS: MEDLINE and LILACS databases were studied in the period from 1980 to 1998. To evaluate the quality of the studies, methodological rigor criteria proposed by Kay & Locker (1996) were applied after the criteria were submitted to an expert committee of CNPq (National Scientific Council of Brazil) senior researchers. Of 43 papers selected, 22 met the proposed criteria. The effect size of intervention was calculated from differences among the groups and the overall effect of five groups of hypothesis. RESULTS: The high concentration of fluoride in the toothpaste is associated with a larger effect (overall effect = -0.17 CI 95% -0.22/-0.12). The largest caries reductions were observed when comparing fluoride toothpastes and no fluoride toothpastes (overall effect = -0.29 IC 95% -0.34/-0.24). The addiction of antimicrobial agents (overall effect = -0.03 IC 95% -0.07/+0.02), differences in abrasive systems (overall effect = -0.02 IC 95% -0.09/+0.04) and active components do not increase the effectiveness of fluoride toothpastes (overall effect = -0.04 IC 95% -0.10/+0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The highest caries reductions were seen in studies where there was supervised tooth brushing. This review reinforced the importance of tooth brushing with fluoride toothpastes for controlling dental caries. However it showed the emphasis put on medical approaches for disease control rather than specific educational actions. The heterogeneity of the results shows the need to consider issues such as the scenario for implementing preventive methods in the evaluation process.     

双抗原夹心酶免疫试验对人畜布鲁氏菌抗体检测的研究

目的　为人畜布鲁氏菌病(布病)血清学诊断、监测及流行病学调查提供实用和简便的方法。方法　在首次制备布鲁氏菌(布氏菌)抗原-辣根过氧化物酶结合物的基础上,建立了检测人畜布氏菌抗体的双抗原夹心酶免疫试验(DAgS-EIA,包括DAgS-ELISA及DAgS-DIEA)。用本法及间接ELISA(I-ELISA)、试管凝集试验(SAT)及虎红平板凝集试验(RBPT)等常规血清学方法对从河南省及河北省收集的部分布病患者、可疑患者,布氏菌感染羊只以及布氏菌感染的实验动物血清标本进行了检测。结果　对布病患者及可疑者的检查结果表明,阳性率以DAgS-ELISA最高(60.0%～62.9%),余依次为RBPT(48.6%～58.1%)、I-ELISA(55.6%)、DAgS-DIEA(53.7%)及SAT(44.2%);对布氏菌感染羊的阳性率均为81.8%。结论　上述结果表明,双抗原夹心酶免疫试验检测人畜布氏菌抗体,不仅特异、简便而且仅制备一种布氏菌抗原-酶结合物就可对人及多种动物进行检测。     

Cross-neutralizing antibodies elicited by the Cervarix human papillomavirus vaccine display a range of Alpha-9 inter-type specificities

The highly efficacious human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines contain virus-like particles (VLP) representing genotypes HPV16 and HPV18, which together account for approximately 70% of cervical cancer cases. Vaccine-type protection is thought to be mediated by high titer, type-specific neutralizing antibodies. The vaccines also confer a degree of cross-protection against some genetically-related types from the Alpha-9 (HPV16-like: HPV31, HPV33, HPV35, HPV52, HPV58) and Alpha-7 (HPV18-like: HPV39, HPV45, HPV59, HPV68) species groups. Cross-protection is coincident with the detection of low titer serum responses against non-vaccine types by vaccinees. Such antibodies may be the effectors of cross-protection or their detection may be useful as a correlate or surrogate.     

2014年新疆克拉玛依市健康人群麻疹、风疹抗体水平监测分析

目的 了解克拉玛依市人群麻疹、风疹抗体水平,有针对性地开展麻疹、风疹免疫预防工作,有效控制麻疹、风疹的发生和流行,实现消除麻疹的目标。方法 按照分层随机抽样方法,采集0～60岁健康人群1 056人份血样,采用ELISA方法,定量检测麻疹抗体、风疹抗体。结果 人群麻疹抗体阳性率97.54%、风疹抗体阳性率87.22%,抗体几何平均浓度(Geometric Mean Concentration,GMC) 麻疹、风疹分别为:1 220.10 mIU/ml、68.23 IU/ml,不同人群麻疹、风疹抗体阳性率差异均有统计学意义（麻疹χ2＝20.170,风疹χ2＝17.090,P均＜0.05）;不同地区麻疹抗体阳性率在95%以上、保护率在65%～75%之间,风疹抗体阳性率在75%～94%之间,不同地区风疹抗体阳性率差异有统计学意义（χ2 = 31.106;P＜0.001）;不同免疫史风疹抗体阳性水平差异有统计学意义（χ2＝30.254,P＜0.001）。结论 克拉玛依市麻疹人群抗体阳性率总体保持在较高水平,风疹抗体阳性率水平略低,乌尔禾区和部分年龄组风疹阳性率较低。应重点加强地区及重点人群疫苗预防接种管理,必要时开展人群查漏补种免疫。     

Seroprevalance of pertussis antibodies in maternal and cord blood of preterm and term infants

Background

The resurgence of pertussis has resulted in an increased morbidity and mortality, especially among young infants. The aim of our study was to determine the antibody concentrations against pertussis antigens in cord and maternal blood in both preterm and term infant–mother pairs and to evaluate the efficacy of transplacental antibody transfer.

Methods

Antibodies to pertussis toxin (PT) and filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) in maternal and cord blood samples were measured by in-house enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 100 preterm infant–mother and 100 term infant–mother pairs. Geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) of pertussis antibodies and cord:maternal GMC ratios were calculated.

Results

Cord GMCs for anti-PT and anti-FHA in the preterm group were 13.15 and 14.55 ELISA U/ml (EU/ml), respectively. Cord GMCs for anti-PT and anti-FHA in the term group were 19.46 and 19.18 EU/ml, respectively. Cord anti-PT GMC was significanlty lower in the preterm group (p = 0.037). There were no differences between the groups with regard to maternal anti-PT and anti-FHA GMC. Placental transfer ratios for anti-PT and anti-FHA in preterms were 68% and 72%, respectively. The same ratios in terms were 107% and 120%, respectively and were significantly higher than those of preterms (p < 0.001). Placental transfer ratios were even lower in preterms <32 weeks when compared to preterms ≥32 weeks and terms. There was a strong correlation between maternal and cord anti-pertussis antibody levels both in preterm and term infants.

Conclusions

Anti-pertussis antibody levels were generally low in infant–mother pairs and would not be adequate to confer protection until the onset of primary immunization series. Transplacental anti-pertussis antibody transfers and antibody levels were lower in the cord blood of preterm infants, especially in those <32 weeks. These findings support the rationale for maternal immunization, which in combination with cocooning, could be a better option for preterm infants.     

不规则抗体筛查及效价对新生儿溶血病的影响

目的:检测孕妇产前IgG抗A(B)及Rh血型抗体效价,探讨围产期孕妇在产前做不规则抗体筛查及抗体效价的临床意义。方法:①实验组:对475例夫妻血型不合的孕妇进行产前IgG抗A/B效价测定;Rh血型抗体筛选,并对效价≥64的孕妇给予临床干预,观察产后婴儿是否发生溶血及溶血出现的时间和程度等。②对照组:随机选择529例夫妻血型不合、产前未做不规则抗体筛查的产妇,观察其婴儿是否发生溶血及溶血出现的时间、程度等。结果:①实验组发生新生儿溶血6例(1.26%),其中24 h内发生1例,48 h发生1例,72 h发生3例,>72 h发生1例;对照组发生新生儿溶血41例(7.75%),其中24 h内发生5例,48 h发生21例,72 h发生12例,>72 h发生3例。两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);②实验组新生儿黄疸平均出现时间(63.56±17.67)h;对照组(44.39±26.95)h。实验组新生儿黄疸出现时间较对照组晚(P<0.05)。③实验组新生儿血清中总胆红素浓度(165.30±20.10)μmol/L;对照组(243.10±18.70)μmol/L。对照组黄疸程度较实验组严重(P<0.05)。结论:孕妇产前抗体效价测定可作为判断胎儿出生后是否发生新生儿溶血病的筛查指标,具有十分重要的临床意义。