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1.
Employing a randomized controlled trial, this study documents the effects of six months of physical activity and six month follow-up on reduction in social physique anxiety (SPA) in older adults. In addition, the role played by changes in behavioral, physiological, and psychological predictors of changes in SPA were examined. Participants (n = 174, mean age = 65 yrs) were randomly assigned to one of two activity groups and engaged in a six-month structured exercise program. Measures of physique anxiety were taken at baseline, six and twelve months. Latent growth curve analyses revealed significant reductions in SPA over the course of the 12-month period. Structural analyses controlling for treatment condition indicated that improvements in self-efficacy and fitness were significant predictors of changes in SPA but that changes in body fat and exercise frequency did not contribute to variation in SPA. Overall this model accounted for 19% of the variation in SPA changes. The extent to which changes in SPA may contribute to continued physical activity participation in older adults and how exercise programs might effectively influence predictors of SPA are discussed. 相似文献
2.
Background: Physical activity has been positively linked to quality of life (QOL) in older adults. Measures of health status and global
well-being represent common methods of assessing QOL outcomes, yet little has been done to determine the nature of the relationship
of these outcomes with physical activity. Purpose: We examined the roles played by physical activity, health status, and self-efficacy in global QOL (satisfaction with life)
in a sample of older Black and White women. Method: Participants (N = 249, M age = 68.12 years) completed multiple indicators of physical activity, self-efficacy, health status,
and QOL at baseline of a 24-month prospective trial. Structural equation modeling examined the fit of 3 models of the physical
activity and QOL relationship. Results: Analyses indicated that relationships between physical activity and QOL, self-efficacy and QOL were all indirect. Specifically,
physical activity influenced self-efficacy and QOL through physical and mental health status, which in turn influenced global
QOL. Conclusions: Our findings support a social cognitives model of physical activity’s relationship with QOL. Subsequent tests of hypothesized
relationships across time are recommended.
Funding for this study was provided by the National Institute on Aging (Grant AG 20118). We extend our sincere appreciation
to April Bell for all of her efforts on this project. 相似文献
3.
Objectives: Personality Disorders (PDs) are associated with a multitude of negative consequences. The negative PD effects on health can be even more burdensome for older adults given the physical and social functioning changes that occur with age; however, the majority of research examining the influence of PDs focuses on younger adults. The present study seeks to investigate the relationship between PDs and physical health-related quality of life (PHRQoL) in adults over the age of 50. Methods: Data for 16,884 adults ages 50 and older from the 2001–2002 National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) were analyzed. Multiple linear regression models were analyzed to investigate the relationships of seven PDs and participants’ PHRQoL. Results: All PDs except histrionic and avoidant PD had statistically significant negative associations with PHRQoL scores, indicating that respondents diagnosed with PDs were expected to have lower PHRQoL than those without PDs, after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics. When psychosocial covariates were added to the model, only dependent, obsessive-compulsive and paranoid PDs were significantly related to PHRQoL score. Conclusions: For adults ages 50 and older, a diagnosis of PD was weakly associated with lower PHRQoL scores for three PDs, however this is unlikely to be a causal association. The strength of the relationship between PDs and PHRQoL varies by type of PD. Given the higher rates of functional and social changes that occur with age, future research should focus on potential causes of worse physical health among older adults with PDs. 相似文献
7.
A randomized controlled trial examined the growth and form of multidimensional self-esteem over a 12-month period (6-month
exercise intervention and 6-month follow-up) in 174 older adults engaged in either a walking or stretching/toning program.
The extent to which changes in physical fitness parameters and physical self-efficacy were related to changes in perceptions
of attractive body, strength, physical conditioning, and physical self-worth was also determined. Latent growth curve analyses
showed a curvilinear pattern of growth in esteem with significant increases at all levels of self-esteem upon completion of
the intervention followed by significant declines at 6 months poistintervention in both groups. Frequency of activity and
changes in physical fitness, body fat, and self-efficacy were related to improvements in esteem perceptions relative to attractive
body, strength, and physical condition. Model fitting procedures suggested that the best fit of the data was to a model in
which the influence of changes in efficacy and physical parameters on physical self-worth were mediated by perceptions of
attractive body and physical conditions.
This study was supported by the National Institute on Aging (Grant #AG 12113).
We are indebted to the assistance provided by the following individuals at various stages of this endeavor: Jane Nelson, M.S.,
Richard Boileau, Ph.D., Greg Dykstra, Ph.D., Dimitri Demetriou, M.S., Heidi-Mai Talbot, M.S., Erin Dunn, M.S., Melissa Pena,
M.S., Eric Hall, M.S., Chris Uchacz, M.S., Julie Lowery, R.N., Naveen Devabhaktuni, M.D., Angelo Pascale, M.S., and Chakang
Pongurgson, M.S. 相似文献
9.
Indication of physical activity (PA) for people with epilepsy (PWE) is debatable. This study investigated whether the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) score is related to the clinical aspects of epilepsy, QOLIE-31, and the Stigma Scale of Epilepsy (SSE) score of 67 PWE at a significance level of 5% ( p < 0.05).About one-third (32.8%) of the PWE were sedentary/irregularly active. Lower QOLIE-31 scores and higher SSE scores were found in PWE who did not practice PA for fear of seizures and in sedentary/irregularly active PWE. Twenty-three percent of the PWE stopped practicing PA for fear of seizures. The predictive factors in the logistic regression equation for not practicing physical activity for fear of seizures were the presence of depressive disorder ( p = 0.049) and temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (TLE-HS) ( p = 0.024).Most PWE are sedentary and do not practice PA for fear of seizures. Physical activity is negatively influenced by clinical aspects of epilepsy. Less PA is associated with depressive disorder, worse quality of life, and higher perception of stigma. 相似文献
11.
Objectives: This study tested the mediating effect of resilience on the relationship between life stress and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in older people, 50 years of age and older, living with HIV/AIDS (OPLWHA). Method: Data from 299 OPLWHA were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) to define a novel resilience construct (represented by coping self-efficacy, active coping, hope/optimism, and social support) and to assess mediating effects of resilience on the association between life stress and HRQoL (physical, emotional, and functional/global well-being). Results: SEM analyses showed satisfactory model fit for both resilience and mediational models, with resilience mediating the associations between life stress and physical, emotional, and functional/global well-being. Conclusion: Resilience may reduce the negative influence of life stress on physical, emotional, and functional/global well-being in OPLWHA. Interventions that build personal capacity, coping skills, and social support may contribute to better management of HIV/AIDS and increase HRQoL. 相似文献
12.
OBJECTIVE: The quality of life (QOL) for individuals with schizophrenia is determined by a number of factors, not limited to symptomatology. The current study examined lack of insight as one such factor that may influence subjective QOL or functional capacity. It was hypothesized that insight would significantly interact with symptom severity to influence subjective QOL. Insight was not expected to influence the relation between symptom severity and functional capacity. METHODS: Participants were middle-aged and older outpatients who met diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, and subsyndromal depression. Insight, psychopathology, and subjective QOL were assessed via semi-structured interviews and functional capacity was assessed via performance-based measures. RESULTS: Insight interacts with negative symptom severity to predict subjective QOL. Severity of negative symptoms and insight contribute directly to functional capacity. CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with intact insight may be better able to manage their symptoms, resulting in improved QOL. Treatment implications for improving the QOL of middle age and older adults with schizophrenia are discussed. 相似文献
15.
Background: Regular physical activity has been consistently related to improvements in health- related quality of life (HRQL) in older
adults. Nevertheless, systematic investigations of the influence of exercise therapy on older men and women enrolled in cardiac
rehabilitation remain sparse. Purpose: The primary purpose of this investigation was to compare the effects of a group-mediated cognitive behavioral physical activity
intervention program (GMCB) to a traditional cardiac rehabilitation program (CRP) with regard to changes in HRQL in a community-dwelling
sample of older adults. Methods: This randomized clinical trial assigned 147 participants who were eligible for inclusion in cardiac rehabilitation to the
GMCB or traditional CRP arms. Changes in HRQL at 3 and 12 months were assessed using the Short Form-36 (SF-36) from the Medical
Outcomes Study. Results: Mixed-model analyses yielded significant Baseline × Gender × Treatment interactions for the self-reported mental health
component and the Vitality subscale of the SF-36. Decomposition of these interactions revealed that men in both exercise therapy
groups and women in the GMCB treatment with low baseline values demonstrated more favorable improvements in the HRQL perceived
mental health measures than women in the CRP treatment. Conclusions: Improvements in HRQL among older adults enrolled in cardiac rehabilitation differ as a function of treatment, gender, and
initial mental health status. Results are discussed in terms of the implications for the design of future physical activity
interventions among older adults with cardiovascular disease and the measurement of their HRQL.
Support for this study was provided by grants from the National Institutes for Aging AG14131 and 5P60 AG10484 and General
Clinical Research Center Grant M01-RR007122. 相似文献
16.
Objectives: The aims of this study are to assess in a sample of older adults consulting in primary care practices the determinants and quality of life associated with post-traumatic stress syndrome (PTSS). Method: Data used came from a large sample of 1765 community-dwelling older adults who were waiting to receive health services in primary care clinics in the province of Quebec. PTSS was measured with the PTSS scale. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were used as potential determinants of PTSS. Quality of life was measured with the EuroQol-5D-3L (EQ-5D-3L) EQ-Visual Analog Scale and the Satisfaction With Your Life Scale. Multivariate logistic and linear regression models were used to study the presence of PTSS and different measures of health-related quality of life and quality of life as a function of study variables. Results: The six-month prevalence of PTSS was 11.0%. PTSS was associated with age, marital status, number of chronic disorders and the presence of an anxiety disorder. PTSS was also associated with the EQ-5D-3L and the Satisfaction with Your Life Scale. Conclusion: PTSS is prevalent in patients consulting in primary care practices. Primary care physicians should be aware that PTSS is also associated with a decrease in quality of life, which can further negatively impact health status. 相似文献
17.
Objectives: The current study examined whether the link between stress and health-related quality of life was buffered by protective factors, namely mindfulness, in a sample of middle-aged and older adults. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 134 healthy, community-dwelling adults (ages 50–85 years) were recruited from Dallas, TX. The participants were screened for depressive symptoms and severity (using the Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ-9]). All participants completed measures of self-reported health status (i.e. SF36v2: mental and physical health composites), life stress (using the Elders Life Stress Inventory [ELSI]), and trait mindfulness (i.e. Mindful Attention Awareness Scale). Results: Hierarchical regressions (covarying for age, gender, and education) showed that life stress was inversely related to physical and mental health. Mindfulness was positively related to mental health. The negative effect of life stress on mental health was weakened for those individuals with higher levels of trait mindfulness. Conclusions: The results suggest that mindfulness is a powerful, adaptive strategy that may protect middle-aged and older adults from the well-known harmful effects of stress on mental health. 相似文献
19.
ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy of moderate aerobic physical activity with sleep hygiene education to improve sleep, mood and quality of life in older adults with chronic insomnia. MethodsSeventeen sedentary adults aged ?55 years with insomnia (mean age 61.6 [SD ± 4.3] years; 16 female) participated in a randomized controlled trial comparing 16 weeks of aerobic physical activity plus sleep hygiene to non-physical activity plus sleep hygiene. Eligibility included primary insomnia for at least 3 months, habitual sleep duration <6.5 h and a Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score >5. Outcomes included sleep quality, mood and quality of life questionnaires (PSQI, Epworth Sleepiness Scale [ESS], Short-form 36 [SF-36], Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale [CES-D]). ResultsThe physical activity group improved in sleep quality on the global PSQI ( p < .0001), sleep latency ( p = .049), sleep duration ( p = .04), daytime dysfunction ( p = .027), and sleep efficiency ( p = .036) PSQI sub-scores compared to the control group. The physical activity group also had reductions in depressive symptoms ( p = .044), daytime sleepiness ( p = .02) and improvements in vitality ( p = .017) compared to baseline scores. ConclusionAerobic physical activity with sleep hygiene education is an effective treatment approach to improve sleep quality, mood and quality of life in older adults with chronic insomnia. 相似文献
20.
The purpose of this study is to weigh psychological state, patients' demographics, seizure-related factors, and medical comorbidity in older adults with epilepsy against the same parameters in younger adults in an attempt to identify best quality of life (QoL) predictors. The Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory for Adults (QOLIE-31) and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) were completed by 146 patients with localization-related epilepsy. There was no statistical difference in the QOLIE-31 total score between younger and older adults. Best QoL predictors were BDI-II and seizure frequency, with BDI-II providing more than 3 times the impact of seizure frequency. BDI-II also substantively predicted most QOLIE-31 domains. Additionally, epilepsy duration positively correlated with overall QoL only among older adults. In summary, in younger as well as older adult epilepsy patients, depressive symptoms emerge as the strongest predictor of QoL. However, older adults appear to adapt better to their chronic health problem. 相似文献
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