怀牛膝总皂甙对肿瘤细胞的抑制作用

从中药怀牛膝根中分离得到总皂甙，采用体内外实验对怀牛膝总皂甙的抗肿瘤活性进行了研究。结果；随着药物浓度的升高，牛膝总皂甙体外对艾氏腹水癌细胞的细胞毒作用逐渐增强；体内对小鼠肉瘤１８０腹水型及肝癌实体的抑制率分别为５６％和４６．２％。     

急性乙型肝炎患者的胆囊声像图改变及临床超声诊断

目的：了解急性乙型肝炎引起的胆囊声像图改变。方法：对我院１９９４年３月～１９９７年１１月收治的１８７６例急性乙型肝炎患者的胆囊、肝脏及脾脏声像图进行回顾性分析。结果：１８７６例急性乙型肝炎患者的声像图异常率：胆囊异常（６７８％）＞肝脏异常（２４３％）＞脾肿大（８８％）＞腹水（０９％）。结论：急性乙型肝炎患者最常见的异常声像图是胆囊的变化，且胆囊声像图较肝脏声像图更具特征性     

大鼠实验性肝硬变腹水形成及其与肿瘤坏死因子α关系的研究

目的：研究大鼠实验性肝硬变晚期腹水形成与肿瘤坏死因子α（ＴＮＦα）及肠源性内毒素血症的关系，探讨肝硬变腹水形成的机理。方法：以大鼠为实验对象，分为正常对照组（ｎ＝８）、肝硬变对照组（ｎ＝１２）和肝硬变伴腹水组（ｎ＝１８）。实验组采用复合因子复制肝硬变动物模型。各组均测定腹主动脉血中ＴＮＦα和内毒素水平，肝硬变组还测定了腹水量。结果：随着肝硬变形成，大鼠血中ＴＮＦα水平增高，各组含量分别为９０８３±１０７１ｎｇ／ｍｌ和９５７７±１２７６ｎｇ／ｍｌ（肝硬变组和肝硬变伴腹水组）。相关分析表明，肝硬变组腹水量与血中ＴＮＦα成正相关（ｒ＝０８６，Ｐ＜００５），内毒素水平增高，并与ＴＮＦα的浓度成正相关（ｒ＝０７５，Ｐ＜００５）。结论：肝硬变腹水形成与血中ＴＮＦα升高有关，而ＴＮＦα的升高则源于肠源性内毒素血症的形成。     

木袋泡剂工艺条件优选及质量控制

采用Ｌ９（３４）正交试验法，考察了木药材的粒度、烘烤温度、烘烤时间对木袋泡剂浸出率的影响。结果表明：药材粉碎过１６目筛，烘烤温度为１６０℃，烘烤时间为１０ｍｉｎ，使浸出率达到了２６２５％以上。质量研究表明在此条件下制成的袋泡剂总皂甙应控制在７８５％。     

33例消化道出血患儿病因分析

目的：了解儿童消化道出血的病因。方法：采用回顾性调查方法对３３例消化道出血患儿进行病因分析。结果：３３例消化道出血患儿中，由十二指肠球部溃疡引起的消化道出血有２１例（６３６％），十二指肠球部溃疡伴浅表性胃炎２例（６０％），糜烂性胃炎１例（３０％），胃溃疡１例（３０％），空肠息肉１例（３０％），消化道多发性息肉综合症１例（３０％），血小板减少性紫瘢１例（３０％），过敏性紫瘢１例（３０％），肝硬化食道下段静脉曲张１例（３０％），青紫型先天性心脏病（单心室）１例（３０％），不明原因者２例（６０％）。结论：十二指肠球部溃疡及胃炎、胃溃疡是儿童时期消化道出血的最常见病因。     

新生儿先天性心脏病临床特点分析

目的：探讨新生儿先天性心脏病（先心病）的临床特点。方法：对１２３例新生儿的临床表现、心脏超声及心电图进行分析。结果：新生儿先心病类型复杂，心衰２１例（１７１％），早期闻及心脏杂音７９例（６４２％），青紫３２例（２６０％），心音增强或减弱１１例（８９％），心律失常６例（４９％），死亡２７例（２２０％）。结论：新生儿先心病除心脏杂音外，青紫、心衰、心音异常及心律失常为重要体征，可疑病例应尽早作超声检查，明确诊断，指导治疗。     

不同提取方法对西洋参皂甙含量的影响

目的：考察提取方法不同对比色法测定西在总皂甙的影响。方法：（１）乙醚脱脂－甲醇回流提取。（２）氯食物脱脂－甲醇回流提取。（３）甲醇回流提取。（４）甲醇冷浸提取。以比色法测定上述不同提取液中的皂甙含量。结果：（１）、（２）、（４）提取法西洋参总皂甙含量分别为８．６４％、８．４３％、８．２７％,（３）法总皂甙含量为１１．２７％。结论：（４）法操作简便 、安全、低毒,适合于西洋参药总皂甙的测定。     

新生儿呼吸衰竭病因分析与预防

目的：分析新生儿呼吸衰竭的病因，以期减少其发病率。方法：对我院１９９３年３月～１９９８年３月收住的１２５例新生儿呼吸衰竭患儿进行了回顾性分析。结果：以呼吸系统疾病最多，共９８例（７８４％），肺炎８１例（６４８％），其中吸入性肺炎４４例（３５２％），感染性肺炎３７例（２９６％）。肺透明膜病１１例（８８％），湿肺３例（２４％），肺不张、膈膨出、纵隔疝各１例（２４％）。神经系统疾病２１例（１６８％），颅内出血１０例（８％），呼吸暂停１１例（８８％），其中原发性呼吸暂停４例，继发性呼吸暂停７例。先天性心脏病６例（４８％）。根据病因分析，新生儿呼衰与围产因素密切相关者７８例，占６２４％，其中宫内窘迫和出生时窒息的因素最多，其次是早产、异常分娩和产前、产程感染。结论：做好围产期保健是减少新生儿呼吸衰竭发病率的根本。为此提出预防的有关措施。     

国产蛋白A免疫吸附动物实验的护理体会

由于人们对疾病的认识及对血液净化治疗方法的不断改进，不少发达国家已采用免疫吸附作用，去除体内血浆中致病因子治疗自身免疫性疾病，采用国产蛋白（Ｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ）Ａ吸附柱简易吸附方法进行动物实验。ＩｇＧ次数：０１２３清除率％ＩｇＡ０１２３清除率％ＩｇＭ０１２３清除率％犬１１４６４５８５３１４１６９８８８４１５８１０４８０６６５５７９２２５２１６８１１６１０２３５９４１犬２９７１３３７１８６．４１４１８５．４８１５５１１５．４９７８６４４．５２１９３１１２７４５２７３．１６犬３７８２１０７６…     

聚合酶链反应DNA扩增对活动性肺结核的诊断价值

目的：为了探讨聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）ＤＮＡ扩增对诊断活动性肺结核的临床价值。方法：采用ＰＣＲ扩增技术对６９例活动性肺结核病人的痰（３５例）和胸水（３４例）进行检测。结果：痰灵敏度６５７１％（２３／３５），特异度７３９１％（１７／２３），准确度６８９６％（４０／５８），胸水灵敏度６１７６％（２１／３４），特异度８５７１％（６／７），准确度６５８５％（２７／４１）。并同涂片和培养法比较，时间上有益于结核病的早期诊断，但前者比后两者敏感性高，特异性差。结论：用ＰＣＲＴＢ－ＤＮＡ扩增作为临床诊断活动性肺结核的常规手段，尚需进一步探讨     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.