复方六月雪颗粒提取工艺研究

目的 :优选复方六月雪颗粒提取工艺的最佳条件。方法 :先对处方中的药材用乙醇渗漉提取 ,药渣再用水煎煮提取。以齐墩果酸、总黄酮含量为评价指标 ,用正交设计法对两步提取工艺条件进行考察。结果 :以80 %的乙醇为渗漉溶媒 ,溶媒用量为药材量的8倍 ,浸渍时间24h作为乙醇渗漉提取的最佳工艺条件 ;以加水量为药材量的12倍 ,每次煎煮1 5h ,共煎煮3次作为水煎煮提取的最佳工艺条件。结论 :优选出的最佳工艺条件经验证其结果稳定 ,指标性成分含量高 ,可以用于投入生产。     

正交试验法优选扶正防喘颗粒的提取工艺

目的优选扶正防喘颗粒剂的最佳提取工艺.方法采用L9(34)正交试验,以丹参酮ⅡA、补骨脂素及异补骨脂素的含量为指标,以乙醇浓度、用量、浸润时间及渗漉速度为考察因素,筛选扶正防喘颗粒剂最佳醇提取工艺;以出膏率为指标,以加溶媒用量、提取次数和提取时间为考察因素,筛选扶正防喘颗粒剂的最佳水提取工艺条件.结果扶正防喘颗粒剂脂溶性成分的提取优选渗漉法,渗漉法提取的最佳工艺条件为加95%乙醇、6倍药材的渗漉收集液、浸润时间为48 h、渗漉速度为2 mL·min-1;最佳水提取工艺条件为加12倍药材量水,煎煮3次,每次2 h.结论优选提取得到的提取工艺稳定、可行.     

正交设计法优选骨痛贴膏乙醇渗漉提取工艺

目的:优选骨痛贴膏的乙醇渗漉提取工艺条件.方法:以欧前胡素提取量为考察指标,用高效液相色谱法测定欧前胡素含量,以乙醇浓度、乙醇用量、浸泡时间、渗漉速度为影响因素,选用L9(34)表进行正交试验.结果:优选工艺为:药材用10倍量的90%乙醇浸泡12 h,以7 ml·min-1·kg-1速度渗漉提取.结论:优选工艺提取的欧前胡素含量较高,而浸膏量较低.     

渗漉法提取祖师麻叶有效成分

目的:优选祖师麻叶有效成分的最佳渗漉提取工艺.方法:以总黄酮和祖师麻甲素提取率为评价指标,用综合评分法进行数据处理,采用正交试验考察乙醇体积分数、乙醇用量、浸泡时间、滴速对提取效果的影响.结果:祖师麻叶有效成分最佳渗漉提取工艺为:加12倍量的60%乙醇,浸泡36 h,流速3 ml·min-1.结论:该渗漉工艺参数合理,结果可靠,提取效果较好.     

木瓜总皂苷提取工艺研究

目的优选木瓜总皂苷提取工艺。方法采用正交试验法,以木瓜总皂苷含量为评价指标,对木瓜总皂苷的渗漉工艺进行研究。结果木瓜总皂苷最佳提取工艺为：以70％乙醇浸泡24h,8倍量进行渗漉,渗漉速度为3ml·min^-1·kg^-1。结论该优选工艺稳定可行,适于木瓜总皂苷的提取。     

龙羊骨痛颗粒的提取工艺研究

目的探讨龙羊骨痛颗粒的提取工艺。方法首先,采用渗漉法,对龙羊骨痛颗粒中的穿山龙进行提取,以薯蓣皂苷元含量为考查指标．对乙醇用量、浸渍时间、渗漉速度三个因素进行考察,采用正交设计法确定穿山龙的最佳提取工艺;其次,方中除穿山龙外的5味药材采用煎煮法提取。对提取过程中加水量和煎煮时间进行考察．以干膏得率和淫羊藿苷含量为指标,共同确定龙羊骨痛颗粒的最佳提取工艺。结果穿山龙的最佳渗漉工艺为加70％乙醇7倍量,浸渍48h后渗漉,渗漉速度3mL·min-1’;其余5味最佳提取工艺为加10倍量水煎煮三次,每次1h。结论经过优化的龙羊骨痛颗粒提取工艺简单、实用．具有可操作性,适合工业大生产。     

中药栀子提取方法的比较和工艺条件优化

目的:优选栀子中栀子苷的提取工艺.方法:比较多种提取工艺,如水煎法,乙醇回流法,渗漉法,应用正交设计筛选栀子苷的提取工艺,采用高效液相色谱法测定该成分含量,作为评价指标.结果:最佳工艺为渗漉法,最佳条件是加10倍量55%乙醇浸泡24 h后渗漉,流速为5 mL*min-1.栀子苷含量与提取率均较高.结论:优选得到的工艺简便易行、稳定性好.     

正交试验法优选复方黄芩喷雾剂的提取工艺

目的:优选出复方黄芩喷雾剂的乙醇渗漉最佳提取工艺。方法:以黄芩苷为检测指标,高效液相色谱法测定黄芩苷,采用正交试验考察各因素对黄芩苷含量的影响。结果:影响因素为:饮片粒度>乙醇浓度>乙醇量>浸泡时间。结论:复方黄芩喷雾剂乙醇渗漉最佳提取工艺为70%乙醇10倍量、粗粉药材、浸泡24h渗漉。     

正交试验法优选血府逐瘀滴丸的提取工艺

目的：确定血府逐瘀滴丸的乙醇渗漉提取最佳工艺条件。方法：以当归、川芎中阿魏酸的提取效果和转移率为评价指标,通过正交实验对血府逐瘀滴丸的乙醇渗漉提取工艺条件进行优选。结果：筛选的最佳工艺为药材加入13倍量65%乙醇,静置浸泡24 h,以10 ml/min流速渗漉提取。结论：优化的提取工艺条件可为工业化生产提供实验依据。     

渗滤法提取川贝母工艺的研究

目的 筛选渗漉法提取川贝母总生物碱的最佳工艺.方法 用正交实验设计,以浸泡时间、渗漉速度、收集渗漉液体积、乙醇浓度为因素及条件进行优化;总生物碱中贝母辛作为评价指标,HPLC法测定贝母辛.结果 最佳提取工艺为70%乙醇浸泡24 h,渗漉速度为 3 ml/(kg·min),收集 10倍的渗漉液,贝母辛提得率为0.016%.结论 用70%乙醇12倍量浸渍24 h,渗漉速改为3 ml/(kg·min)提取的,贝母辛的含量明显高于其他浓度.     

我国知识分子的健康现状及分析

知识分子队伍是现代化建设的重要力量,但目前知识分子的身心健康状况并不容乐观.本文阐述了健康的含义、知识分子健康现状和体育锻炼情况,并进行了分析,旨在通过提高心理卫生和体育锻炼水平促进知识分子身心健康.     

The drug problem in The Netherlands

In the Netherlands, the drug problem among adolescents developed as a new phenomenon in the mid 1960s. Without remarkable success, methadone maintenance programs were introduced in 1968. Drug free treatment in therapeutic communities, developed since 1972, was successful after the first experimental years. This success provoked the illusion that drug related problems could be solved by treatment; low threshold programs, putting few demands on participants, were established to dispense methadone. The illusion was that addicts can be motivated into further treatment if they are brought into contact with professionals. As the addict population kept growing and their street crimes increased in number, Dutch drug policies changed in 1978, using methadone as a means to decrease criminal activities rather than to treat addicts. This also turned out to be an illusion. Currently, there is strong political pressure to distribute heroin to addicts to diminish the negative side effects of drug abuse. Dutch drug policies are characterized by the opinion that drug problems cannot be solved and have to be accepted.     

新生儿采集足跟血最佳方法的研究

目的:寻找临床上采集新生儿足跟血的有利方法。方法:25例新生儿在辐射台保暖下足跟外侧采血与25例新生儿在一般平台上用热毛巾敷足跟采集足跟内侧血两种方法进行分析比较。结果:两种采血方法所需时间、一针采血成功率及血片质量关系差异有显著性。结论:辐射台组简单快捷,血片优质,痛苦少。     

阿糖腺苷眼膏的研制

本文介绍了抗病毒药阿糖腺苷眼膏的配制方法、质量控制、药理实验。表明阿糖腺苷眼膏可用于Ⅰ型单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎的治疗。     

The Selfish Brain And The Barker Hypothesis

1. Brain sparing is a feature of intra-uterine growth retardation (IUGR). This implies that there is a redistribution of metabolic supply so that body growth slows to a greater extent than brain growth. 2. Intra-uterine growth retardation, as evidenced by a low birthweight for gestational age is a predisposing factor for hypertension, cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus in adult life. 3. In species like humans, nephrogenesis is complete before birth. In the rat, it is completed shortly after birth. In both species, it can be shown that either undernutrition or IUGR is associated with reduced nephron number. 4. It has been proposed that oligonephropathy results in hyperfiltration, which ultimately leads to glomerulosclerosis and hypertension. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is necessary for normal renal development and fetal renal function. In the rat, blockade of the RAS in the first weeks of life by pharmacological agents reduces glomerular number and has been shown to cause hypertension in adult life. Renal denervation reduces the activity of the fetal RAS and also causes abnormal development of the renin-secreting cells. 5. There is tonic renal sympathetic nerve activity in the late gestation fetal sheep. The level of renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) is influenced by the fetal behavioural state. 6. However, interactions between the developing kidney and the developing sympathetic nervous system are poorly understood. On the one hand, renal innervation may be important in the provision of neurotrophic factors that stimulate the development of the RAS and kidney. On the other, high levels of RSNA associated with circulating catecholamines and vasopressin may cause vasoconstriction and limit nephrogenesis. This latter effect could be a predisposing factor to adult hypertension and cardiovascular disease.     

The registration of medicines in The Netherlands

The working methods and the results of the system for registration of medicines in the Netherlands are reviewed. The new structure of the Committee for the Evaluation of Medicines is identified. The necessity for more international cooperation is emphasized. The authors propose the establishment of a European registration committee. The current system is discussed from the viewpoints of government and industry.     

论人体生命的三重品格

本文讨论的是人体生命观的问题,从人的本质来看,人体生命与其它生命体有着原则的区别。人体生命是神圣品格、质量品格和价值品格的辩证统一。人体生命三重品格以价值品格为核心,密不可分地联系在一起。片面强调人体生命的质量品格或神圣品格,必然使人们在理论和实践上陷入二难境地。