Analysis of a residual diamine in a pharmaceutical polymer using solid phase extraction with analysis by gas chromatography mass spectrometry

A method was developed for the analysis of 4,4′-methylenebiscyclohexylamine (DMDA) and 4,4′-methylenedicyclohexylisocyanate (DMDI) in a pharmaceutical polymer. The DMDA was extracted from the polymer with either buffer (0.1 M potassium phosphate pH 3.1) and the extract was passed through a SCX solid phase extraction cartridge. It was eluted from the cartridge with methanolic ammonia and then converted to its heptafluorobutyramide (HFB) derivative prior to analysis by gas chromatography–negative chemical ionisation mass spectrometry (GC–MS) in the negative ion chemical ionisation (NICI) mode. It was not possible to directly measure DMDI and it was thus analysed by selecting extraction conditions such that it would decompose to DMDA. The quantification of the residues in the polymer was based on the method of standard additions since this gave a better indication of the recovery from the complex matrix.     

固相萃取亲水作用色谱法测定人体血浆中表阿霉素

目的:建立固相萃取-亲水作用色谱法(SPE—HILIC)测定人体血浆中的表阿霉素。方法:血浆样品中加入表柔红霉素作为内标,经 Oasis HLB 固相萃取(SPE)小柱萃取后进样测定,色谱柱为 Kromasil KR100—5SIL 硅胶色谱柱(250 mm×4.6mm,5μm),乙腈-甲酸铵缓冲液(40 mmol·mL~(-1),pH 2.9)(90:10)为流动相,检测波长为254 nm。结果:血浆中表阿霉素的线性范围为0.05～2.5μg·mL~(-1)(r~2=0.9991);最低检测限为0.05μg·mL~(-1);样品的回收率高于89.4%;日内及日间精密度RSD 小于7.0%。结论:方法简便,准确可靠,流动相与质谱检测器兼容,适用于血浆表阿霉素浓度测定及药代动力学研究。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法同时测定人血浆中地西泮、咪达唑仑及其代谢产物的浓度和临床应用

目的: 建立同时测定人血浆中地西泮、奥沙西泮、咪达唑仑和1'-羟基咪哒唑仑浓度的固相萃取-高效液相测定方法,并将其应用于临床中地西泮、咪达唑仑及其代谢产物血药浓度的测定。方法: 以卡马西平为内标,血浆样品经Cleanert C₁₈固相萃取柱净化处理。色谱柱为WondaSil C₁₈柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),流动相为乙腈-水=55:45,柱温:30℃,流速:1.2 mL·min^-1,检测波长:308 nm,进样量:30 μL。结果: 地西泮、奥沙西泮、咪达唑仑和1'-羟基咪哒唑仑标准曲线范围分别为0.5~20,0.2~10,0.5~40,0.5~20 mg·L^-1,最低定量限分别为0.5,0.2,0.5,0.5 mg·L^-1,方法回收率分别为88.32%~93.77%,86.14%~91.80%,87.55%~92.53%,88.69%~92.30%,日内、日间精密度均小于7%。结论: 该方法简便快速,灵敏准确,测定结果可靠,适用于地西泮、咪达唑仑及其代谢产物血药浓度的检测。     

固相萃取-液相色谱法检测发酵液中埃博霉素

目的建立固相萃取-液相色谱法检测纤维堆囊菌发酵液中代谢物埃博霉素含量。方法将树脂装填在固相萃取空柱管上,依次以2倍体积水和5倍体积50%甲醇溶液对树脂进行预处理,然后以15倍体积80%甲醇溶液浸泡10 min后,低流速提取,收集洗脱液旋转干燥,用高效液相色谱(HPLC)检测。结果在发酵终点(144 h),埃博霉素A(EpoA)和埃博霉素B(EpoB)的含量分别为1.84和2.64 mg/L。结论该法稳定性良好,可以用于检测代谢产物的含量。     

加压溶剂提取-高效液相色谱法测定天然和人工虫草中的麦角甾醇、核苷及其碱基

目的建立同时测定虫草中麦角甾醇、核苷及其碱基含量的简便方法。方法正交法优化加压溶剂提取条件；HPLC法同时测定天然和人工虫草中上述成分的含量。结果以甲醇为提取溶剂，提取温度160 ℃，提取时间5 min，提取压力10 MPa，循环1次，提取1次。采用Zorbax NH₂分析柱(250 mm×4.6 mm ID, 5 μm)，流动相为A(乙腈)-B(10 mmol·L^-1醋酸铵溶液)二元梯度洗脱：0-5.0 min，B%为0→15%；5.0-25.0 min，B%为15%→20%；25.0-35.0 min，B%为20%→ 40%；35.0-45.0 min，B%为40%→ 80%；45.0-50.0 min，B%为80%。结论本法能够快速、简便地测定虫草中麦角甾醇、核苷及其碱基的含量。     

分子印迹固相萃取-高效液相色谱法分析2种三唑类杀菌剂残留

目的:建立了分子印迹固相萃取-高效液相色谱法检测食品中2种三唑类杀菌剂残留的方法。方法:分别以三唑醇、烯唑醇为模板分子,α-甲基丙烯酸为功能单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯为交联剂,采用本体聚合法合成分子印迹聚合物。将制得的三唑醇、烯唑醇聚合物按质量比1:1混合,制成固相萃取柱用于样品的前处理,并采用高效液相色谱法检测。结果:在低和高浓度添加水平下,平均回收率在78.7%～94.3%之间,RSD在1.8%～2.4%之间(n=5)。结论:该方法灵敏度高,精密度好,适合于同时检测食品中三唑醇和烯唑醇2种三唑类杀菌剂残留。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定3种抗癫痫药物血药浓度

目的:建立快速固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定3种抗癫痫药血药浓度.方法:采用Accubond SPE C18小柱处理血样, Nova-pak C18柱(4 μm,3.9 mm×150 mm)为分析柱;0.01 mol·L-1磷酸盐缓冲液(pH 3.5)-甲醇(50∶50)为流动相;检测波长210 nm;流速1 mL·min-1,柱温25℃.结果:3组分抽提完全,杂质去除较为完全.在该色谱条件下,3种药物分离良好,苯巴比妥、苯妥英钠、卡马西平线性范围为5～40,5～40,2.5～20 mg·L-1,平均回收率分别为100.0%,99.9%,100.2%.日内日间误差RSD均小于5.01%.应用于55例患者监测,并与液液萃取法比较,差异无显著性(P＞0.05).结论:本法快速简便,结果准确,更适合临床常规监测分析.     

反相高效液相色谱法测定人血浆中紫杉醇的浓度

目的 建立反相高效液相色谱法测定人血浆中紫杉醇的浓度.方法 采用Dima kromasil C18柱;以地西泮为内标;以蛋白沉淀法提取血浆中的紫杉醇;以乙腈-水(53:47 )为流动相;流速为1.0 ml·min-1 ;检测波长为227 nm ;进样量为20 μl.结果 血浆中紫杉醇线性范围为0.078～5.0 mg·L-1,相关系数r=0.999 9 (n=8);平均提取回收率82.97%;平均加样回收率93.29%,日内、日间精密度RSD 均小于10%.结论 该法取样量少,操作简单,分离完全,结果可靠,回收率高,适用于临床紫杉醇的血浆中药物浓度监测和药代动力学研究.     

在线固相萃取-HPLC法测定比格尔犬血浆中丹参素的含量

目的:建立测定比格尔犬血浆中丹参素含量的在线固相萃取-HPLC法。方法:血浆样品经蛋白质沉淀,采用Lichrospher C18为富集柱,以乙腈-10 mmol/L NaH2 PO4(5∶95)为富集流动相,流速2 ml/min;选择Ultimate XB-C18(50 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)为分析柱,以乙腈-10 mmol/L NaH2 PO4(11∶89)为分析流动相,流速为0.8 ml/min,检测波长285 nm。结果:丹参素在20~2 000 ng/ml浓度范围内线性关系良好,最低定量限为20.0 ng/ml,日内和日间RSD均<10%,平均绝对回收率>80%。结论:本方法简便、快速、灵敏、可靠,适用于比格尔犬血浆中丹参素含量的测定。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定人血浆中的替硝唑浓度

目的建立固相萃取结合高效液相色谱法测定人血浆中替硝唑浓度的方法。方法血浆样品经C18固相萃取小柱净化后进样。色谱柱:HyperS il C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相:磷酸二氢钾(含0.1%三乙胺,磷酸调pH=3.2)-乙腈(89∶11),柱温:25℃,流速:1 m L/min,检测波长:236 nm,进样量:30μL。结果替硝唑血药浓度在0.5~50 mg/L之间呈良好线性关系(r=0.999 5),线形方程Y=1.012 C-0.053 1,相对标准偏差<5%,回收率>90%。结论该方法操作简便、准确可靠,灵敏度高,适用于替硝唑的血药浓度检测。     

Simultaneous determination of four amides in Saururus chinensis by matrix solid phase dispersion and high-performance liquid chromatography method

A rapid and simple analytical method was established for the determination of four amides (N-p-trans-coumaroyltyramine, aristolactam AⅡ, sauristolactam and aristolactam BⅡ) in Saururus chinensis by matrix solid phase dispersion (MSPD) and high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). In the optimized MSPD, 0.2 g S. chinensis powder was blended with 0.4 g silica gel, and 5 mL methanol was selected as elution solvent. The MSPD extraction achieved higher extraction recovery of four amides, and required less sample, solvent and preparation time, comparing with the conventional methods (Soxhlet and ultrasonic extraction). The assay was performed on a TSK gel ODS-100Z column (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm) at 30 °C. Acetonitrile and 0.4% acetic acid aqueous solution was used as mobile phase by gradient elution at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was 280 nm. All the analytes showed good linear regression (R² ≥ 0.9998) within the concentration ranges. The validated method showed good precision and stability with relative standard deviations (RSDs) ≤ 3.18%. The recoveries were in the range of 96.57–99.65%, with RSDs less than 2.74%.     

Analysis of leucine enkephalin by high-performance liquid chromatography using enzymatic derivatization by tyrosinase and electrochemical or fluorescence detection

Two tyrosine specific, HPLC methods with either electrochemical (HPLC-ED) or fluorescence (HPLC-FL) detection are described for leucine-enkephalin (LE) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Both approaches involve the hydroxylation of the Tyr¹-moiety of LE by mushroom tyrosinase. Production of a catechol permitted the selective clean-up of the analyte using boronate gels and produced species which were more readily oxidizable than the LE. The controlled oxidation of the catechol to corresponding chinones enabled the reaction with 1,2-diamino-1,2-diphenylethane (DPE) and subsequent quantification by HPLC-FL. The HPLC-ED and HPLC-FL yielded limits of detection for LE in CSF of 360 and 500 fmol per injection, respectively. Inter-day variability of calibration curve samples was lower than 20% for the HPLC-ED with slightly higher variability for the HPLC-FL assay.     

High performance liquid chromatography for quantification of gatifloxacin in rat plasma following automated on-line solid phase extraction

An automated system using on-line solid phase extraction and HPLC with fluorimetric detection was developed and validated for quantification of gatifloxacin in rat plasma. The extraction was carried out using C(18) cartridges (BondElut), with a high extraction yield. After washing, gatifloxacin was eluted from the cartridge with mobile phase onto a C(18) HPLC column. The mobile phase consisted of a mixture of phosphoric acid (2.5mM), methanol, acetonitrile and triethylamine (64.8:15:20:0.2, v/v/v/v, apparent pH(app.) 2.8). All samples and standard solutions were chromatographed at 28 degrees C. The method developed was selective and linear for drug concentrations ranging between 20 and 600 ng/ml. Gatifloxacin recovery ranged from 95.6 to 99.7%, and the limit of quantification was 20 ng/ml. The intra and inter-assay accuracy were up to 94.3%. The precision determined not exceed 5.8% of the CV. High extraction yield up to 95% was obtained. Drug stability in plasma was shown in freezer at -20 degrees C up to 1 month, after three freeze-thaw cycles and for 24h in the autosampler after processing. The assay has been successfully applied to measure gatifloxacin plasma concentrations in pharmacokinetic study in rats.     

RP-HPLC测定犬血浆中卡托普利

目的　采用反相高效液相色谱法测定犬血浆中卡托普利浓度。方法　以对溴苯乙酰基溴为衍生剂 ,血浆样品经衍生反应后 ,用乙酸乙酯 -苯 (1∶1)提取 ,以ODSC18为固定相 ,乙腈∶水∶冰醋酸 (4 5∶5 5∶0 2 )为流动相 ,UV2 5 8nm紫外检测。结果　在 2 5～ 6 0 0 μg·L-1浓度范围线性良好 ,最小检测浓度为 12 5 μg·L-1。其日内差及日间差RSD分别小于 4 95 %和 2 88% ,相对回收率大于 94 8%。结论　方法简便灵敏 ,为卡托普利样品分析及临床药物监测提供了检测方法。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定人血浆中甲磺丁脲的含量

目的建立反相高效液相色谱法用于测定人血浆中甲磺丁脲的含量。方法采用Eclipse XDB-C_(18)色谱柱,以乙腈-25 mmol·L~(-1)乙酸钠缓冲液(pH=3.3,32:68)为流动相,流速1.0 mL·min~(-1),检测波长为229 nm,柱温35℃。血样经等体积比的0.6 mol·L~(-1)三氯乙酸处理后,离心,取上清液20μL,进样检测。结果甲磺丁脲血浆药物浓度在0.5～100 mg·L~(-1)内,线性关系良好(r=0.999 6);回收率为93.0%～105.0%;日内RSD≤3.80%,日间RSD≤6.31%。结论本方法简单快速、准确灵敏、回收率高、重现性好,适用于甲磺丁脲的血药浓度测定。     

固相萃取-离子交换色谱法检测枸杞子中多菌灵残留量

目的:建立固相萃取-离子交换色谱法检测枸杞子中多菌灵残留量。方法:样品用0.1%稀盐酸和乙腈提取,经 C_(18)固相萃取柱(SPE)和二氯甲烷液-液分配萃取(LLE)净化,采用 LC—SCX 离子交换色谱柱(25 cm×4.6 mm,5μm)分离,以0.1mol·L~(-1)磷酸二氢钾溶液(pH 3.2)-乙腈(70:30)为流动相,流速为1.0 mL·min~(-1),检测波长282nm。结果:样品中多菌灵能得到良好的分离,浓度在0.02～5 mg·L~(-1)范围内,与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9999),回收率及重复性良好。结论:本法可用于枸杞子中多菌灵残留的检测。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定人血浆中氟康唑浓度及其药动学研究

目的:建立测定人体血浆中氟康唑浓度的高效液相色谱法,并对供试制剂与参比制剂的生物等效性进行评价.方法:血样处理采用固相萃取方法,萃取小柱用甲醇活化后加入血浆1 mL,过柱后用含20%甲醇的水溶液1.0 mL洗涤,再用0.2 mL甲醇洗脱收集,取20 μL进样.色谱柱为C18柱 (150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),流动相为0.01 mol·L-1磷酸二氢钾(用磷酸调pH值为5.0)-乙腈(75:25);流速为1.0 mL·min-1,检测波长为267 nm.人体药动学试验采用双周期交叉设计方案,将18例志愿受试者随机分为2组,分别口服氟康唑供试胶囊和参比胶囊150 mg.结果:本方法线性范围为0.1～6.4 mg·L-1,r=0.999 9,最低检测浓度为0.1 mg·L-1,方法回收率为95.7%～108.0%,日内、日间RSD均小于15%,供试制剂与参比制剂主要药动学参数经统计学分析差异无显著性,供试制剂的相对生物利用度为(105.7±12.6)%.结论:本方法灵敏度高,特异性强,重现性好,供试制剂与参比制剂具有生物等效性.     

Determination of bevantolol in human plasma by high performance liquid chromatography using solid phase extraction technique

A method was developed and fully validated for the determination of bevantolol, an adrenergic-receptor blocker, in human plasma. Bevantolol and betaxolol as internal standard (I.S) were extracted from 1 mL of human plasma by solid phase extraction technique using Sep-pak silica cartridge. Chromatographic separation was accomplished under isocratic conditions using a reverse-phase C8 analytical column and mixture of dibasic ammonium phosphate (pH 5.7; 50 mM)-acetonitrile (75:25, v/v) as mobile phase, with a detection wavelength at 220 nm. The method was proved to be specific by testing six different human plasma sources. Linearity was established for the concentration ranges of 40-1600 ng/mL with correlation coefficent of 0.9995. The lower limit of quantification 40 ng/mL with precision of 10.9% as C.V%.     

高效液相色谱法测定血浆中氟哌啶醇浓度

目的：建立高效液相色谱法测定血浆中氟哌啶醇浓度的方法。方法：以乙腈甲醇０ ．０２５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ 磷酸二氢钾（４５∶５∶５０ ,ｖ／ｖ） 为流动相,氯氟哌啶醇作内标,紫外波长２４８ｎｍ 处检测。结果：血浆中氟哌啶醇的最低检测浓度为０ ．５ｎｇ／ｍｌ,平均提取回收率为８６ ．６ ％ ±４ ．９ ％ ,线性范围１ ～５０ｎｇ／ｍｌ（ｒ ＝ ０ ．９９９８） ,日内和日间ＲＳＤ 分别小于８ ％ 和９ ％ 。结论：方法灵敏、快速、准确,可满足临床治疗药物的监测工作     

RP-HPLC测定母体及胎儿血浆中罗哌卡因和布比卡因的药物浓度

目的 :建立罗哌卡因、布比卡因血浆药物浓度的反相高效液相 (RP HPLC)测定方法 ,并测定其母体和 (或 )胎儿血药浓度 ,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法 :采用AgilentHPLC系统 ;色谱柱 :Dikma C18(5 μm ,4 .6× 15 0mm)。以罗格列酮作为内标 ,流动相为磷酸二氢钠缓冲液 (10mmol·L- 1,pH3.0 )∶乙腈 =78∶2 2 ,流速 1.0mL·min- 1,λ =2 10nm。结果 :罗哌卡因线性关系为Y =0 .0 2 95X -0 .0 2 98(n =7,r =0 .9998) ;最低检测浓度为 0 .0 1mg·L- 1;平均回收率为 99.82 % ;日内、日间RSD分别小于 2 .4 7% ,3.75 % ;布比卡因线性关系为Y =0 .0 2 87X + 0 .0 2 71(n =7,r =0 .9998) ;最低检测浓度为 0 .0 1mg·L- 1;平均回收率为 10 1.0 1% ;日内、日间RSD分别小于 2 .6 9% ,4 .75 %。测定 6 0个血样 ,罗哌卡因浓度为 0 .15～ 0 .7mg·L- 1,布比卡因为 0 .1～ 0 .5 8mg·L- 1。结论 :RP HPLC法简便、灵敏、准确 ,可以用来测定临床血样中罗哌卡因、布比卡因的药物浓度 ,可为临床合理用药提供参考。