管状胃代食管与传统食管癌手术后肺部并发症的对比研究

目的探讨管状胃代食管与传统食管癌手术后肺部并发症的比较研究。方法按手术方式将228例食管癌患者分为管状胃（A）组92例,和传统手术（B）组136例。临床资料,其中男137例,女91例;年龄31～72岁,平均年龄62．36岁,手术均采用改良Ivor—Lewis术式,统计两组术后各种肺部并发症的发生率。结果228例食管癌患者中管状胃组合并肺部并发症18例,传统手术组术后合并肺部并发症36例。结论管状胃代食管可明显减轻及减少食管癌术后肺部并发症。     

A case of intramural gastric tube metastasis from esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

A 53-year-old Japanese man with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus underwent a subtotal esophagectomy with gastric tube reconstruction through the posterior mediastinum. The staging was T3N0M0. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 6?months after surgery revealed a submucosal lesion in the gastric tube used for reconstruction. A biopsy yielded a diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma, consistent with metastasis from the esophageal carcinoma. Despite chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the patient died of bleeding 11?months after initial surgery. We report the clinical, endoscopic, and computed tomographic findings in this patient with intramural gastric-tube metastasis.     

Cerebral air embolism as a complication of peptic ulcer in the gastric tube: case report

Background

The reported incidence of ulcer formation in the gastric tube in esophageal replacement is rare.

Case Presentation

This is the first report of a case of cerebral air embolism as a result of spontaneous perforation of an ulcer in the constructed gastric tube into the pulmonary vein during post-operative follow-up in a patient with esophageal cancer.

Conclusions

Cerebral air embolism is a rare complication of penetrating gastric ulcer, but should be considered in patients with a history of esophagectomy with gastric conduit that present with acute neurologic findings.     

A case of synchronous esophagus and stomach cancer successfully treated by combined chemotherapy

Although cases of simultaneous esophagus and stomach cancer have been reported sporadically, there are rare reports of successful treatment using chemotherapy. We report a case of synchronous esophageal and gastric cancer successfully treated using docetaxel and cis-diammineedichloro-platinum (CDDP) combination chemotherapy instead of surgery. A 82-years-old man with anorexia and progressive weight loss was diagnosed with synchronous esophageal and gastric cancer by endoscopy. Both cancers were diagnosed as resectable by the preoperative clinical staging. However, surgery was contraindicated because of severe lung dysfunction. Moreover, he actively refused radiotherapy and endoscopic management. Therefore, the patient was given combined chemotherapy with docetaxel (65 mg/m2) and CDDP (60 mg/m2). The esophageal and gastric lesion completely disappeared on endoscopy, and there were no residual tumor cells on endoscopic biopsy after three cycles of chemotherapy. Metastatic lymph nodes also completely disappeared on the CT scan. The patient received a total of ten cycles of chemotherapy, without severe adverse effects. The patient remained asymptomatic for 18 months after discontinuation of the chemotherapy, without evidence of local recurrence or distant metastasis. Surgery or endoscopic treatment of both esophageal and gastric cancers is desirable, but, if medically inoperable, chemotherapy can be alternative treatment option.     

Pulmonary embolism in a patient with unstable angina treated with surgical revascularisation--a case report

A case of a 58-year-old female patient with unstable angina is presented. Two weeks earlier the patient suffered from acute myocardial infarction treated with thrombolysis. The patient underwent surgical revascularisation which was complicated by acute pulmonary embolism. Repeated surgery and inspection of pulmonary arteries revealed the presence of thrombus which was successfully removed. The post-operative course was uneventful. The causes and treatment of pulmonary embolism complicating coronary artery by-pass grafting are discussed.     

老年食管癌贲门癌合并糖尿病的外科治疗

目的探讨老年食管、贲门癌合并糖尿病患者的手术治疗。方法回顾性总结72例食管贲门癌合并糖尿病患者的手术治疗经验。结果72例中食管癌61例,贲门癌11例;术前伴慢性阻塞性肺部疾病者10例,伴心血管疾病者13例,伴慢性肾功能不全2例。空腹血糖6．2—14．6mmol／L;手术切除率100％;术后切口感染4例,肺部感染5例,低血糖休克1例,吻合口瘘2例;全组无手术死亡,均顺利渡过手术期。术前、术中、术后均用胰岛素控制糖尿病,补糖以5％等渗液体为主,按1U普通胰岛素4～5g糖的比例补液,血糖保持在略高于正常水平。结论食管贲门癌合并糖尿病是一较严重的临床疾病,术后并发症发生率高,应予以重视,胰岛素的合理应用是治疗成功的关键。     

CT引导下放射性粒子125I植入治疗肺癌14例临床分析

目的：观察CT引导下放射性粒子125 I植入治疗肺癌的临床疗效。方法对14例不适合或不愿意手术及化疗的肺癌患者行CT引导下放射性粒子125 I植入治疗。结果14例患者临床症状均明显减轻,肺部病灶均明显缩小。结论 CT引导下放射性粒子125 I植入治疗肺癌是一种有效、安全可行的治疗方法,值得临床推广应用。     

Early cancer of the esophagus

The early esophageal carcinoma is rarely described as compared to the early carcinoma of the stomach; most esophageal carcinomas are diagnosed in advanced stages. We report about a 50 years old patient, who suffered from remittent gastrointestinal bleeding during anticoagulant therapy. Endoscopic examination revealed a small epithelial esophageal lesion (type I according to the classification of Monnier et al.) with positive cytology and histology of carcinoma. The pathologic study of the resected specimen showed early esophageal carcinoma. Additionally a review of the published cases is given and the findings are discussed in the light of etiological and epidemiological factors.     

Outcomes from chemoradiotherapy for patients with esophageal cancer

Chemoradiotherapy is a widely used alternative treatment to surgical resection in certain patient groups with early esophageal cancer. The aim of this study was to retrospectively assess toxicity and outcome of patients treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy for early esophageal cancer at one institution. A retrospective analysis of all patients treated with chemoradiotherapy between February 2000 and December 2008 at a single tertiary center was performed with documentation of treatment given, toxicities recorded, and follow‐up and outcome data. Sixty‐two patients received chemoradiotherapy for esophageal cancer. There were 20 males and 42 female patients with an average age of 68 years. Histology revealed adenocarcinoma in 28 patients and squamous cell carcinoma in 34 patients. All patients were staged with a computerized tomography scan, endoscopic ultrasound and positron emission tomography scan. Selection criteria for chemoradiotherapy were unfit for surgery, upper esophageal squamous carcinoma, unresectable primary tumor, or patient choice. The majority of the patients received a combination of cisplatin and 5‐fluorouracil chemotherapy with 55 Gy in 25 fractions of radiotherapy. Grade 3 toxicities were recorded in 11% of the patients. Eleven patients suffered from local recurrence and a stent was required in nine patients. Radiation strictures occurred in 10 patients requiring dilation in four. Five patients required a radiologically inserted feeding gastrostomy. The median overall survival was 21 months. Patients with adenocarcinomas and those with squamous cell carcinoma had a similar median survival. Overall survival was 70% at 1 year, 48% at 2 years, and 26% at 3 years. This case series of patients treated with chemoradiation for localized esophageal cancer suggest a generally well‐tolerated treatment with survival rates after chemoradiotherapy comparable with those seen with surgery.     

Gastropericardial fistula resulting from ulcerative perforation of the reconstructed gastric tube after surgery for esophageal cancer

Gastropericardial fistulae are rare and may cause fatal complications such as acute purulent carditis and cardiac tamponade. The present report describes a case of a gastropericardial fistula caused by a peptic ulcer perforating a retrosternal reconstructed gastric tube 2 years after subtotal esophagectomy for esophageal cancer. Surgical intervention involved left thoracotomy, pericardium fenestration, and drainage of the pericardium and left thoracic cavity. The patient suffered postoperative complications including septic shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and cardiac insufficiency; however, he recovered after successful surgical intervention. In this case, the withdrawal of proton pump inhibitors and the patient’s sustained drinking habit after esophageal replacement surgery may have caused peptic ulcers in the gastric tube. Early diagnosis and surgical treatment of gastropericardial fistulae are essential to avoid fatal complications.     

Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension Medical Management

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a common long-term complication of pulmonary embolism characterized by thromboembolic obstruction of the pulmonary arteries, vascular arteriopathy, vascular remodeling, and ultimately pulmonary hypertension (PH). Although pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) surgery is the standard of care, approximately 40% of patients in the international CTEPH registry were deemed inoperable. In addition to lifelong anticoagulation, the cornerstone of PH-specific medical management is riociguat, a soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator. Medical management should be started early in CTEPH patients and may be used as a bridge to PEA surgery or balloon pulmonary angiography. Medical management is indicated for inoperable CTEPH patients and patients who have recurrence of PH after PEA surgery.     

Multiple pulmonary embolism in patients with ventriculoatrial shunts: a report on two cases

Pulmonary embolism occurred in two patients with a Spitz-Holter shunt. One patient had a massive pulmonary embolism which resulted in the development of pulmonary hypertension. The patient suffered another episode of embolism during warfarin therapy and died. Autopsy revealed a massive belateral pulmonary embolism. No thrombi were found in the venous system. The other patient had experienced symptoms that suggested recurrent pulmonary embolism before the established diagnosis. Thereafter she has constantly been treated with oral anticoagulant therapy without the recurrence of emboli.     

Rare pulmonary and cerebral complications after transarterial chemoembolisation for hepatocellular carcinoma： A case report

We report a rare case of acute pulmonary and cerebral complication after transarterial chemoembolisation （TACE） for inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma. The case involved a large tumor and hepatic vein invasion. Nonspecific pulmonary and cerebral symptoms such as acute dyspnoea and transient consciousness loss developed in the patient, a 49-year-old woman, following the TACE due to pulmonary and cerebral oil embolism. The chest and brain conditions of this patient improved after some supportive therapies and nursing interventions. She also subsequently completed the other three procedures of TACE.     

Photodynamic therapy by coloring laser. Can it represent a therapeutic alternative for small epidermoid cancers of the esophagus?]

Our aim was to assess the efficacy of photodynamic therapy in inoperable patients with small esophageal carcinoma. Eleven patients were treated for squamous cell carcinomas ranging in size from 1 to 3 cm2. Hematoporphyrin (between 3 and 5 mg/kg) was injected intravenously and then the tumor irradiated at endoscopy 72 hours later with a dye laser (630 nm) at an energy of 250 joules/cm2. Complete destruction of the lesion was obtained in 6 cases with negative biopsies at 1 month. In all 6 patients, no recurrence was seen after a median follow-up of 4 months (range: 2-38). Partial destruction of the tumor was obtained in 4 cases while treatment was a complete failure in the last patient. Two instances of mild cutaneous photosensitization occurred. Two patients treated for recurrence after radiotherapy, died of esophageal perforation directly related to the procedure. Photodynamic therapy appears to be a possible effective treatment for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in inoperable patients when other curative treatment modalities are not possible.     

Pulmonary embolism following laparoscopic surgery: a report of two cases

Laparoscopic abdominal surgery is considered a low-risk procedure for postoperative complications because of reduced surgical stress and earlier mobilization. We report two patients who experienced pulmonary embolism following laparoscopic surgery; one patient underwent umbilical hernia repair and the other cholecystectomy. Although pulmonary embolism is indeed rare after laparoscopic surgery, early detection and early treatment are determinative factors for a good prognosis. Therefore, medical caregivers must remember that pulmonary embolism can be a critical complication after laparoscopic surgery and preventive measures should be employed for high-risk subjects.     

Metachronous cancer of gastroplasty after esophagectomy

We reviewed two cases of adenocarcinoma of the gastric tube used for reconstruction after esophagectomy for cancer. The first case gastric cancer was detected during follow-up by endoscopic examination. Total resection of the gastric tube and reconstruction by Roux-en-Y was performed each time. The patient was alive and disease-free 1 year after surgery. In the second case the tumor was revealed via thoracic pain. Chemotherapy, using carboplatin-5-fluorouracil, was performed because of lung metastasis but the patient died 1 year later. The incidence of gastric tube cancer after esophagectomy has recently increased in conjunction with the lengthening of survival of esophageal cancer patients. The clinical symptoms related to tumors are associated with short-term survival, whereas the cancers detected by routine endoscopy screening have occasional long-term survival. Gastrectomy is proposed for surgical treatment but the operating procedure is complex with a high morbidity rate. Lesions detected at an early stage could be treated by minimally invasive surgery such as endoscopic mucosal resection.     

Hemorrhagic radiation gastritis after chemoradiation therapy for peritoneal lymph node metastasis of esophageal carcinoma successfully treated with repeated intraarterial steroid infusions

Although intraarterial steroid infusion therapy has previously been shown to be effective for inflammatory bowel disease, it has not yet been applied for the treatment of hemorrhagic radiation gastritis. We report herein a case of hemorrhagic radiation gastritis of gastric tube that occurred after chemoradiation therapy for postoperative peritoneal lymph node metastasis in a patient with esophageal carcinoma who had a history of esophagectomy reconstructed with a gastric tube. The hemorrhagic gastritis that occurred in the gastric tube was successfully treated with repeated intraarterial steroid infusions through the regional vessels to the reconstructed gastric tube. A 70-year-old Japanese woman received chemoradiation therapy for metastatic lymph nodes of the celiac axis. Four weeks after completion of chemoradiation therapy, acute persistent bleeding occurred in the gastric mucosa of the reconstructed gastric tube in the irradiated area. Despite application of available therapeutic modalities, her persistent bleeding was intractable, and a total of 50 units of blood transfusion was required to improve progressive anemia. Finally, intraarterial steroid infusion therapy was applied through the right gastroepiploic artery supplying the main blood flow to the gastric tube. Three repeated intraarterial steroid infusions through the right gastroepiploic artery were effective, and hemostasis was finally completed soon after the last dose of intraarterial steroid was given. This case highlights the clinical importance and significance of hemorrhagic radiation gastritis of the reconstructed gastric tube with posterior mediastinal route occurring after chemoradiation therapy. Repeated intraarterial steroid infusion could be one option that appears clinically useful to treat intractable bleeding from radiation gastritis.     

Primary advanced esophago-gastric melanoma: A rare case

Primary esophageal or gastric melanoma is a very rare disease with early metastasis. Due to its atypical symptom and less efficiency of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the prognosis of esophageal or gastric melanoma is still very poor. Surgical resection remains the preferential treatment for esophageal or gastric melanoma. Here we present an extremely rare case of primary advanced esophago-gastric melanoma. Debulking surgery was performed without chemotherapy or radiotherapy. However, abdominal recurrence and hepatic metastases were found within one month by a postoperative follow-up computed tomography. Three and a half months after surgical resection, the patient died of extensive abdominal metastasis.     

Concurrent superficial squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus and early gastric adenocarcinoma. Report of a case.

We report a patient with concurrent superficial carcinomas of the esophagus and stomach. The tumors occurred in a 68-year-old woman. The esophageal tumor was an intramucosal squamous cell carcinoma, and the gastric tumor an intramucosal adenocarcinoma, type III in the Japanese classification of early gastric cancer. This is the first reported case of associated superficial esophageal and gastric cancers originating from a Western country. Such an association may be more frequent than realized, and therefore it is important to examine both the stomach and esophagus if a patient has one of these tumors.     

上消化道隧道内镜术后消化道瘘的评估与处理

为探讨上消化道隧道内镜术后消化道瘘的评估和处理方法,回顾性分析2012年1月—2022年10月于复旦大学附属中山医院内镜中心诊疗的15例上消化道隧道内镜术后发生消化道瘘患者的临床资料。患者经综合治疗后消化道瘘均成功愈合。3例患者采用了金属夹夹闭瘘口并留置胃管;10例患者采用了胃管联合小肠营养管置入术,其中7例胃管直接置入瘘腔中引流;2例患者接受了食管覆膜支架联合小肠营养管置入术。5例患者接受过创面组织胶喷洒;2例患者在瘘口缩小后,接受了热活检钳或氩离子凝固术灼烧瘘口,行尼龙绳+金属夹荷包缝合。由此可见,隧道内镜术后消化道瘘是复杂的术后并发症,需要早期发现、仔细评估和综合处理。