Expression and clinical significance of WIF-1 and Wnt2b in colorectal carcinoma

目的 过检测WIF-1与Wnt2b在正常大肠黏膜、大肠腺瘤、大肠癌中的表达及其与大肠癌生成、侵袭转移之间的关系,探讨WIF-1与Wnt2b之间的关系.方法 应用免疫组化SP法检测WIF-1和Wnt2b蛋白在15例癌旁正常组织、18例大肠腺瘤和103例大肠癌组织中的表达.结果 (1)WIF-1蛋白在大肠癌中的阳性率明显低于癌旁正常组织和腺瘤;Wnt2b蛋白在大肠癌中的阳性率高于癌旁正常组织和腺瘤.(2)WIF-1在大肠癌中的表达与患者的年龄、性别、分化程度、浸润程度、淋巴转移和远处转移均无关系(P>0.05);Wnt2b在大肠癌中的表达与大肠癌的分化程度、Dukes分期、淋巴结转移和远处器官转移相关(P<0.05),而与患者的年龄、性别均无关(P>0.05).(3)大肠癌中WIF-1与Wnt2b的表达呈负相关(r=-0.199,P<0.05).结论 WIF-1在正常大肠组织中呈阳性表达,在大肠癌的发病机制中可能发挥一定作用;Wnt2b的表达与大肠癌的发生、侵袭转移有关,联合检测WIF-1和Wnt2b有助于大肠癌的诊断、预防和治疗.     

stathmin和P27kip1在大肠癌中的表达及意义

目的:探讨stathmin蛋白与p27kip1蛋白在大肠癌组织中的表达及意义.方法:应用免疫组织化学SABC法检测25例正常大肠黏膜组织、25例大肠腺瘤组织、47例大肠癌组织中stathmin蛋白及p27kip1蛋白的表达情况.结果:①stathmin蛋白在正常大肠黏膜组织、大肠腺瘤组织及大肠癌组织中的阳性表达率分别为20％、48％、74.47％;正常大肠黏膜组分别与大肠腺瘤组及大肠癌组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);大肠腺瘤组与大肠癌组比较,差异亦有统计学意义(P＜0.05):stathmin蛋白的表达与肿瘤的分化程度、有无淋巴结转移及TNM分期显著相关(P＜0.05).②p27kap1蛋白在正常大肠黏膜组织、大肠腺瘤组织及大肠癌组织中的阳性表达率分别为92％、80％、31.91％.正常大肠黏膜组与大肠癌组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);大肠腺瘤组与大肠癌组比较,差异亦有统计学意义(P＜0.05);正常大肠黏膜组与大肠腺瘤组比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞ 0.05);p27kip1蛋白的表达与肿瘤的分化程度及淋巴结转移有关(P＜0.05).③stathmin蛋白的表达与p27kip1蛋白的表达呈负相关(r=--0.695 3,P＜0.01).结论:stathmin蛋白在大肠癌组织中高表达,其表达程度与肿瘤的分化程度、淋巴结转移及TNM分期显著相关,p27kip1蛋白在大肠癌组织中低表达,其表达程度与肿瘤的分化程度及淋巴结转移显著相关,提示stathmin及p27kip1蛋白共同参与了大肠癌的发生、发展;stathmin蛋白可作为一种判断大肠癌恶性程度及侵袭转移的生物学指标.     

大肠肿瘤中Tiam1的表达及临床意义

目的探讨T淋巴瘤侵袭转移诱导因子1(T lymphom a invasion and m etastasis induc ing factor 1,Tiam1)表达与大肠癌发生、发展和转移的关系。方法应用免疫组化方法检测大肠正常组织、大肠腺瘤、大肠癌和大肠淋巴结转移癌石蜡组织标本中Tiam1蛋白的表达情况。应用RT-PCR和免疫组化方法检测大肠癌细胞株中Tiam1 mRNA和蛋白的表达情况。结果Tiam1蛋白在大肠正常组织、腺瘤、癌及淋巴结转移癌中表达差异有显著性(2χ=23.561,P<0.01);两两比较发现,腺瘤Tiam1表达比大肠正常组织高(Z=-2.423,P<0.05),淋巴结转移癌组织Tiam1表达比大肠癌组织高(Z=-2.051,P<0.05),而大肠癌组织与腺瘤组织Tiam1表达差异无显著性(Z=-0.938,P>0.05)。在大肠癌组织中,伴发转移的大肠癌组织比未发生转移的大肠癌组织Tiam1表达明显增强,差异具有显著性(Z=-3.176,P<0.01)。RT-PCR结果显示Tiam1基因在高转移的LoVo和SW 620中呈高表达,在低转移的LS174T和HT29中呈低或不表达,在SW 480、HCT116等呈中度表达。结论Tiam1表达与大肠癌转移存在密切关系,Tiam1表达可作为大肠癌转移过程中一个有价值的指标。     

自噬相关基因LC3、Beclin-1与凋亡相关基因p53、BCL-2在大肠癌中的表达及意义

目的检测自噬相关基因LC3、Beclin-1与凋亡相关基因p53、BCL-2在大肠癌、大肠腺瘤及正常大肠黏膜中的表达情况,探讨其与大肠癌发生、发展的相关性及意义。方法应用组织芯片技术和免疫组化SP法检测12例正常大肠黏膜、29例大肠腺瘤及115例大肠癌组织中LC3、Beclin-1、p53及BCL-2蛋白的表达水平,并结合临床病理因素进行分析。结果 LC3在大肠癌中的阳性率高于大肠腺瘤和正常大肠黏膜(P<0.01),且与大肠癌的组织学分化程度相关(P<0.05)。Beclin-1在大肠癌、大肠腺瘤组织中的表达高于正常大肠黏膜(P<0.01),但与大肠癌的组织学分化程度、Dukes分期及淋巴结转移无关(P均>0.05)。p53及BCL-2在正常大肠黏膜、大肠腺瘤及大肠癌中的表达逐渐增高(P<0.01),且与大肠癌的Dukes分期和淋巴结转移相关(P均<0.05)。经Spearman秩相关检验,Beclin-1蛋白与p53蛋白相关系数为0.224 3,成正相关表达(P<0.05)。结论在大肠癌中,自噬活性的上调与凋亡能力的下调并存;自噬相关基因LC3、Beclin-1与凋亡相关基因p53、BCL-2在大肠癌的发生、发展中起协调作用,对其联合检测有助于了解和判断大肠癌的进展程度及患者的预后情况。     

大肠癌中Bmi-1的表达及其临床病理意义

目的:研究大肠肿瘤组织中Bmi-1蛋白表达情况及其与大肠癌临床病理特征及预后的关系,并探讨Bmi-1蛋白在大肠癌中的表达与Ki67蛋白表达的关系。方法:采用免疫组织化学方法分别检测Bmi-1蛋白在60例大肠癌、30例大肠腺瘤及20例正常大肠黏膜组织3组中的表达情况及其与大肠癌临床病理特征及患者生存率的关系,并探讨大肠癌中Bmi-1 蛋白表达与Ki67蛋白的相关性。应用SPSS13.0软件包对结果进行统计学分析。结果:Bmi-1蛋白在大肠癌、大肠腺瘤及正常大肠黏膜组织中的表达率分别为25.0％、6.7％、0%, Bmi-1蛋白在大肠癌中表达明显高于腺瘤组及正常组（P＜0.05）,而在腺瘤组及正常组中的表达差异无显著（P＞0.05）;Bmi-1蛋白高表达与有无远处转移及TNM分期密切相关（P＜0.05）,而与患者性别、年龄、肿瘤大小、分布部位、分化程度、组织类型及淋巴结转移等临床病理特征无关（P＞0.05）;Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示Bmi-1蛋白高表达患者生存率明显低于低表达患者（P＜0.05）;大肠癌中Bmi-1蛋白高表达与Ki67蛋白表达无相关关系（P＞0.05）。结论:Bmi-1蛋白表达与大肠癌的发生、转移及预后关系密切,可作为评估患者侵润转移及预后的参考指标。     

长链非编码RNA LINP1对肝癌细胞增殖、侵袭转移的影响

目的探究长链非编码RNA LINP1在肝癌组织中的表达及其对肝癌细胞增殖及侵袭转移能力的影响。方法使用qRT-PCR方法检测60例肝癌组织以及癌旁组织、肝癌细胞株及正常肝细胞中LINP1的表达情况。si-LINP1转染肝癌细胞敲低LINP1表达;CCK-8实验检测si-LINP1对肝癌细胞增殖影响;Western blot检测Wnt/β-catenin信号通路蛋白β-catenin和cyclinD1表达。结果 LINP1在肝癌组织中的表达水平高于癌旁组织,肝癌细胞高于正常肝细胞系Lo2(P0.05);敲低LINP1抑制肝癌细胞增殖及侵袭转移,抑制Wnt/β-catenin信号通路蛋白β-catenin和cyclinD1表达(P0.05)。结论敲低LINP1抑制肝癌细胞的增殖、侵袭和转移与抑制Wnt/β-catenin信号通路相关。     

Expression and clinical significance of autophagy-related genes LC3,Beclin-1 and apoptosis-related genes p53,BCL-2 in colorectal carcinoma

目的 检测自噬相关基因LC3、Beclin-1与凋亡相关基因p53、BCL-2在大肠癌、大肠腺瘤及正常大肠黏膜中的表达情况,探讨其与大肠癌发生、发展的相关性及意义.方法 应用组织芯片技术和免疫组化SP法检测12例正常大肠黏膜、29例大肠腺瘤及115例大肠癌组织中LC3、Beclin-1、p53及BCL-2蛋白的表达水平,并结合临床病理因素进行分析.结果 LC3在大肠癌中的阳性率高于大肠腺瘤和正常大肠黏膜(P<0.01),且与大肠癌的组织学分化程度相关(P<0.05).Beclin-1在大肠癌、大肠腺瘤组织中的表达高于正常大肠黏膜(P<0.01),但与大肠癌的组织学分化程度、Dukes分期及淋巴结转移无关(P均>0.05).p53及BCL-2在正常大肠黏膜、大肠腺瘤及大肠癌中的表达逐渐增高(P<0.01),且与大肠癌的Dukes分期和淋巴结转移相关(P均<0.05).经Spearman 秩相关检验,Beclin-1蛋白与p53蛋白相关系数为0.224 3,成正相关表达(P<0.05).结论 在大肠癌中,自噬活性的上调与凋亡能力的下调并存;自噬相关基因LC3、Beclin-1与凋亡相关基因p53、BCL-2在大肠癌的发生、发展中起协调作用,对其联合检测有助于了解和判断大肠癌的进展程度及患者的预后情况.     

Sonic hedgehog mRNA及其蛋白在大肠癌的表达及其临床意义

目的 探讨大肠癌中Hedgehog信号通路相关基因Sonic hedgehog(SHH)的表达及其临床意义.方法 应用RT-PCR及免疫组织化学法(Envison二步法)检测本院2008年12月至2009年4月收集的43例大肠癌组织和距离癌10 cm以上的癌旁组织的SHHmRNA及蛋白的表达情况,并与20例非肠癌患者的正常大肠组织对照,分析其与大肠癌患者临床和病理各变量的相关性.结果 凝胶成像分析显示阳性表达的样本SHH mRNA片段大小为280 bp,与理论值相符,未表达的样本则未见相应条带.大肠癌组织SHHmRNA表达阳性率为27.9%(12/43),与癌旁组织的18.6%(8/43)差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),但均显著高于正常大肠黏膜的0%(0/20)(均P＜0.05).SHH mRNA在大肠癌组织的表达强度显著高于癌旁组织(P＜0.05),在正常大肠黏膜则未见其表达.免疫组织化学显示SHH蛋白在大肠癌组织和癌旁组织均有阳性表达,细胞膜及胞质内出现棕黄褐色颗粒,背景不着色;正常大肠黏膜阴性表达.SHH蛋白在大肠癌组织的表达阳性率显著高于正常大肠黏膜[25.6%(11/43)比0%(0/20),P＜0.05],在大肠癌组织与癌旁组织、癌旁组织与正常大肠黏膜的表达阳性率差异则无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).SHH蛋白的表达强度大肠癌组织＞癌旁组织＞正常大肠黏膜(均P＜0.05).大肠癌组织中的SHH mRNA和蛋白表达强度与患者的年龄、性别、临床分期、肿瘤部位、肿瘤浸润深度、病理分型等变量均无明显关系(均P＞0.05).结论 SHH mRNA和蛋白在大肠癌组织中表达显著增强,但与临床和病理各变量无关联.     

RACK1在大肠癌癌变过程中的表达和意义

目的:研究RACK1蛋白在正常大肠黏膜组织、大肠癌癌前病变组织及大肠癌中的表达,初步探讨其在大肠癌发病中的作用。方法:收集92例大肠癌组织、20例大肠腺瘤组织、20例大肠炎性息肉组织和23例正常大肠黏膜组织。采用免疫组织化学方法检测RACK1在正常大肠黏膜组织、大肠癌癌前病变及大肠癌组织中的表达,统计分析RACK1表达水平与大肠癌临床病理特征之间的关系。结果:随着大肠癌癌变的演进,RACK1的表达水平进行性上调(P<0.05)。RACK1的表达水平与大肠癌患者年龄、性别、淋巴结转移及Duke分期无明显关系(P>0.05),但与大肠癌的分化程度呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论:RACK1在大肠癌癌变过程中进行性上调,其表达上调可能与大肠癌的发病有关。     

大肠癌及癌旁肠黏膜组织中人子宫颈癌癌基因mRNA及蛋白的表达

目的探讨HCCR-1 mRNA及HCCR-1蛋白在人大肠癌、癌旁组织及远端正常肠黏膜组织中的表达,及其临床病理学意义。方法应用RT-PCR方法检测84例大肠癌、癌旁组织及15例远端正常肠黏膜组织中HCCR-1 mRNA水平,应用Westernblot技术检测84例大肠癌、癌旁组织及15例远端正常肠黏膜组织中HCCR-1蛋白的表达水平,应用免疫组化SP法检测84例大肠癌、癌旁组织及15例远端正常肠黏膜组织、30例管状及绒毛管状腺瘤组织中HCCR-1蛋白的表达,分析HCCR-1表达水平与大肠癌临床病理特征的相关性。结果 HCCR-1 mRNA在人大肠癌及癌旁肠黏膜组织中均有表达。HCCR-1蛋白在癌旁肠黏膜组织和管状及绒毛管状腺瘤组织的阳性率分别为38%(32/84)、30%(9/30),两者差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),在大肠癌中的阳性率为81%(68/84),明显高于癌旁肠黏膜组织和管状及绒毛管状腺瘤的阳性率(P<0.05)。大肠癌HCCR-1蛋白的高表达与肿瘤浸润深度呈明显正相关(P=0.007),与肿瘤是否转移无关(P>0.05)。结论人大肠癌存在HCCR-1蛋白的高表达,其与大肠癌的恶变演进有关。HCCR-1 mRNA的表达可能影响大肠癌的发生、发展。     

Pain and Effusion and Quadriceps Activation and Strength

Context:

Quadriceps dysfunction is a common consequence of knee joint injury and disease, yet its causes remain elusive.

Objective:

To determine the effects of pain on quadriceps strength and activation and to learn if simultaneous pain and knee joint effusion affect the magnitude of quadriceps dysfunction.

Design:

Crossover study.

Setting:

University research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants:

Fourteen (8 men, 6 women; age = 23.6 ± 4.8 years, height = 170.3 ± 9.16 cm, mass = 72.9 ± 11.84 kg) healthy volunteers.

Intervention(s):

All participants were tested under 4 randomized conditions: normal knee, effused knee, painful knee, and effused and painful knee.

Main Outcome Measure(s):

Quadriceps strength (Nm/kg) and activation (central activation ratio) were assessed after each condition was induced.

Results:

Quadriceps strength and activation were highest under the normal knee condition and differed from the 3 experimental knee conditions (P < .05). No differences were noted among the 3 experimental knee conditions for either variable (P > .05).

Conclusions:

Both pain and effusion led to quadriceps dysfunction, but the interaction of the 2 stimuli did not increase the magnitude of the strength or activation deficits. Therefore, pain and effusion can be considered equally potent in eliciting quadriceps inhibition. Given that pain and effusion accompany numerous knee conditions, the prevalence of quadriceps dysfunction is likely high.Key Words: arthrogenic muscle inhibition, central activation failure, voluntary activation, muscles

Key Points

• Knee pain and effusion resulted in arthrogenic muscle inhibition and weakness of the quadriceps.
• The simultaneous presence of pain and effusion did not increase the magnitude of quadriceps dysfunction.
• To reduce arthrogenic muscle inhibition and improve muscle strength, clinicians should employ interventions that target removing both pain and effusion.

Quadriceps weakness is a common consequence of traumatic knee joint injury^1,2 and chronic degenerative knee joint conditions.^3,4 Arthrogenic muscle inhibition (AMI), a neurologic decline in muscle activation, results in quadriceps weakness and hinders rehabilitation by preventing gains in strength.⁵ The inability to reverse AMI and restore muscle function can lead to decreased physical abilities,⁶ biomechanical deficits,⁷ and possibly reinjury.⁵ Furthermore, researchers^8,9 have suggested that quadriceps weakness resulting from AMI may place patients at risk for developing osteoarthritis in the knee. In light of the substantial influence of quadriceps AMI on these clinically relevant outcomes, we need to improve our understanding of the factors that contribute to this neurologic decline in muscle activity so efforts to target and reverse it can be implemented and gains in strength can be achieved more easily.Joint injury and disease are accompanied by numerous sequelae (ie, pain, swelling, tissue damage, inflammation), so ascertaining which one ultimately leads to neurologic muscle dysfunction is difficult. Whereas a joint effusion can result in AMI,^10–12 the effects of pain are less understood despite many clinicians attributing AMI to pain. Using techniques that introduce knee pain without accompanying injury may provide insights into the role of pain in eliciting AMI.The degree of knee joint damage may play a role in the quantity of AMI that manifests. Hurley et al^13,14 demonstrated that quadriceps AMI, measured using an interpolated-twitch technique, was greater in patients with extensive traumatic knee injury (eg, fractured tibial plateau, ruptured medial collateral ligament, and medial meniscectomy) than patients with isolated joint trauma (ie, isolated anterior cruciate ligament [ACL] rupture). Similarly, patients with more knee joint symptoms (ie, greater number of symptoms and increased severity of symptoms) may present with greater magnitudes of quadriceps inhibition. Recently, investigators¹⁵ have suggested that patients with more pain display less quadriceps strength, supporting this tenet. Given that effusion and pain often present simultaneously with joint injuries and diseases, such as ACL injury and osteoarthritis, examining both the isolated and cumulative effects of these sequelae appears warranted to determine if they influence the magnitude of muscle inhibition.Experimental joint-effusion and pain models are safe and effective experimental methods that allow for the isolated examination of their effects on muscle function. The effusion model, whereby sterile saline is injected directly into the knee joint capsule,⁷ produces a clinically relevant magnitude of the joint effusion that may be present with traumatic injury. Effusion is thought to activate group II afferents responding to stretch or pressure,^16–18 which in turn may facilitate group Ib interneurons and result in quadriceps AMI.⁵ The pain model involves injecting hypertonic saline into the infrapatellar fat pad to produce anteromedial knee pain similar to that described in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome.¹⁹ Pain is considered to initiate AMI through activation of group III and IV afferents that act as nocioceptors to signal damage or potential damage to joint structures.^16–18 The firing of these afferents then may lead to facilitation of group Ib interneurons, the flexion reflex, or the gamma loop, ultimately resulting in quadriceps inhibition.²⁰ Thus, these models allow us to create symptoms that are associated with knee injury and have the added benefit of providing a way to examine their effects in isolation.Therefore, the purpose of our study was to determine the effects of pain on quadriceps strength and activation and to learn if simultaneous pain and knee joint effusion would affect the magnitude of quadriceps dysfunction. We hypothesized that pain alone would result in quadriceps inhibition and that the magnitude of inhibition would be greater when effusion and pain were present simultaneously.     

即早基因c-fos与脑血管病及学习记忆

即早基因c-fos是广泛存在于原核细胞和真核细胞的高度保守基因.在正常情况下,c-fos基因参与细胞生长、分化、信息传递、学习和记忆等生理过程,而在病理情况下c-fos基因表达及调控变化与多种疾病的发生和发展有关.C-fos在中枢神经系统的某些部位可有基础水平的表达,但表达很低,当受到如脑缺血、脑出血、痫性发作、应激等刺激后,其在数十分钟内做出反应,在对外界刺激-转录耦联的信忠传递过程中起着核内第三信使的重要作用.     

Opportunities and challenges in the prevention and control of cancer and other chronic diseases: children's diet and nutrition and weight and physical activity

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to review the role of behavioral research in disease prevention and control, with a particular emphasis on lifestyle- and behavior-related cancer and chronic disease risk factors--specifically, relationships among diet and nutrition and weight and physical activity with adult cancer, and tracking developmental origins of these health-promoting and health-compromising behaviors from childhood into adulthood. METHOD: After reviewing the background of the field of cancer prevention and control and establishing plausibility for the role of child health behavior in adult cancer risk, studies selected from the pediatric published literature are reviewed. Articles were retrieved, selected, and summarized to illustrate that results from separate but related fields of study are combinable to yield insights into the prevention and control of cancer and other chronic diseases in adulthood through the conduct of nonintervention and intervention research with children in clinical, public health, and other contexts. RESULTS: As illustrated by the evidence presented in this review, there are numerous reasons (biological, psychological, and social), opportunities (school and community, health care, and family settings), and approaches (nonintervention and intervention) to understand and impact behavior change in children's diet and nutrition and weight and physical activity. CONCLUSIONS: Further development and evaluation of behavioral science intervention protocols conducted with children are necessary to understand the efficacy of these approaches and their public health impact on proximal and distal cancer, cancer-related, and chronic disease outcomes before diffusion. It is clear that more attention should be paid to early life and early developmental phases in cancer prevention.