改良三孔法腹腔镜下Heller肌切开联合胃底折叠治疗贲门失弛缓症

目的探讨三孔法腹腔镜下Heller肌切开联合胃底折叠治疗贲门失迟缓症的效果及优势。方法回顾性分析我院2006年7月～2011年10月完成的26例腹腔镜下Heller肌切开联合胃底折叠术的临床资料。手术采用三孔法,术中使用自制简易拉钩,行Heller肌切开联合Dor胃底折叠,观察术中及术后相关指标并随访。结果所有手术均获得成功,无中转开腹,手术时间65—260min,平均110．6rain。出血量25～100ml,平均53．2ml。术后住院时间3～7d,平均5．8d。1例术中食管黏膜破裂,修补后无食管漏。术后随访18～72个月,平均34．7月,无复发,饮食无明显不适。结论三孑L法腹腔镜下Heller肌切开联合胃底折叠治疗贲门失弛缓症具有手术部位显露效果好,创伤小,恢复快,治疗效果确切,安全,并发症少等优点,术后病人腹部美观,是治疗贲门失弛缓症的良好微创途径。     

腹腔镜下括约肌切开胃底折叠术治疗贲门失弛缓症

目的 报道腹腔镜下括约肌切开(Heller术)胃底折叠术治疗贲门失弛缓症l例，手术190min，失血50ml，术后l周食管形态恢复正常，无残余食物，术后1月食管静息压和残余压基本正常，松弛率升高，自发性蠕动和逆蠕动消失，随访6月，症状无反复。     

腹腔镜胃镜联合下括约肌切开胃底折叠术治疗贲门失弛缓症诊治体会

贲门失弛缓症是一种神经食管肌肉失调所致的运动障碍性疾病,食管体部正常蠕动消失,食管下端括约肌张力增高及食管下段括约肌在吞咽时松弛障碍,临床上以吞咽闲难、胸骨后疼痛、不同程度呕吐、体重下降为主要症状。20l1年3～5月我们应用腹腔镜胃镜联合行Heller术联合Dor胃底折叠术治疗贲门迟缓症2例,现报道如下。     

腹腔镜食管肌层切开加胃底折叠术治疗贲门失弛症的护理

目的总结贲门失弛症在腹腔镜下行食管肌层切开加胃底折叠术的护理经验。方法对7例贲门失弛症患者采用单腔气管插管静吸复合麻醉,人工CO2气腹后腹腔镜下行食管肌层切开加胃底折叠术;术前加强患者的心理护理,改善营养状况,完善各项术前检查和术前准备;术后加强各种引流管的护理,鼓励患者早期活动,进行饮食指导,注重并发症的观察及处理。结果患者手术过程顺利,平均手术时间175.7min;术中平均出血45.7mL;无手术及护理相关的并发症,平均住院时间5.4d。术后随访1～10个月,体质量增长平均5.4kg;手术效果优5例,良2例。结论腹腔镜应用于贲门失弛症的治疗可行及有效,加强围术期护理,是保证手术顺利进行和减少术后并发症的重要环节。     

腹腔镜Heller肌切开联合胃底折叠术在贲门失弛缓症治疗中的应用

目的:探讨腹腔镜Heller肌切开联合胃底折叠术(laparoscopic Heller myotomy with a Toupet fundoplication,LHT)治疗贲门失弛缓症的临床价值。方法:回顾分析2000年4月至2008年4月我院为48例贲门失弛缓症患者行LHT的临床资料。结果:手术均获成功,无中转开腹。手术时间65~150min,平均86min,术中出血5~50ml。术后平均住院5.2d。随访1~24个月,术前吞咽困难症状均缓解。结论:LHT具有定位准确、安全、可靠、创伤小、痛苦轻、疗效好等优点,同时可提高手术质量,减少并发症。LHT治疗贲门失弛缓症值得临床推广。     

经腹腔镜改良Heller手术加胃底折叠术治疗贲门失弛缓症

目的:探讨腹腔镜治疗贲门失弛缓症的方法及其优势。方法:经腹腔镜行食管贲门括约肌切开术(改良Heller手术)加胃底折叠术治疗贲门失弛缓症1例。结果:手术顺利,手术时间140m in,术中出血量30m l。患者术后第3天进软食无异常后出院。术后3个月食管下括约肌(LES)残留压、松弛率以及食管基础压均恢复正常,钡餐结果显示为正常食管影像,24h食管pH值测定正常,未见返流。随访6个月,症状无反复。结论:经腹腔镜改良Heller手术加胃底折叠术治疗贲门失弛缓症具有创伤小,术后康复快,疗效确切等优点。     

腹腔镜下Heller手术加Dor胃底折叠术治疗贲门失驰缓症一例

<正>一、临床资料患者女性,30岁,病史2年,症状主要是反复发作吞咽困难、食物反流和胸骨后疼痛,近2年来症状明显,体重下降约30kg。钡餐示食管下段狭窄,呈典型鸟嘴样狭窄,其中上段扩张,钡剂通过缓慢(图1),超声胃镜检查提示贲门失迟缓症。     

内镜下食管肌层切开术治疗贲门失弛缓症

Achalasia is an esophageal motility disorder involving the smooth muscle layer of the esophagus and the lower esophageal sphincter. It is characterized by difficulty swallowing, regurgitation, and sometimes chest pain. Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) was developed by Inoue to provide a less invasive permanent treatment for esophageal achalasia. We applied this method to cure successfully a 47-year-old female with achalasia. The procedure was as follows: after creating submucosal tunnel, endoscopic myotomy of circular muscle bundles was carried out at approximately 16 cm in total length ( 15 cm in distal esophagus and 1 cm in cardia). Smooth passing of endoscope through gastroesophageal junction was confirmed at the end of the procedure. The third day after POEM, the barium meal examination revealed the barium smoothly passed though the cardia. The short-term outcome of POEM for achalasia was excellent, and further studies on long-term efficacy and on comparison of POEM with other interventional therapies are awaited.     

腹腔镜下Heller手术加Dor胃底折叠术治疗责门失驰缓症一例

患者女性,30岁,病史2年,症状主要是反复发作吞咽困难、食物反流和胸骨后疼痛,近2年来症状明显,体重下降约30垤。钡餐示食管下段狭窄,呈典型鸟嘴样狭窄,其中上段扩张,钡剂通过缓慢（图1）,超声胃镜检查提示贲门失迟缓症。     

经胸小切口食管肌层切开治疗贲门失弛缓症

目的 总结经胸小切口食管肌层切开治疗贲门失弛缓症经验。方法 分析42例贲门失弛缓症患者接受经胸腔小切口食管肌层切开手术治疗结果，手术切口6—8cm，行食管下段肌层切开，上方超过狭窄1cm，下方切口至胃壁肌层0．5～1cm。全组均未行抗反流手术。结果平均手术时间60min，术后平均住院时间11d。1例围手术期死亡，死因为食管黏膜破裂合并多重细菌感染；2例损伤食管黏膜予以修补；其余无任何并发症，术后第1天开始进食，行黏膜修补者术后3d进食。术后随访，全部患者吞咽困难症状消失。28例行食管pH监测无病理性反流，与术前DeMeesrer评分比较，差异有统计学意义。结论经胸小切口食管肌层切开术，创伤小、恢复快、并发症少。合理掌握胃食管连接部的肌层切开范围可有效防止术后胃食管反流。     

Therapeutic Effects of a Laparoscopic Heller Myotomy and Dor Fundoplication on the Chest Pain Associated with Achalasia

Purpose The therapeutic effects of a laparoscopic Heller myotomy and Dor fundoplication (LHD) on the chest pain associated with achalasia were investigated. Methods Sixty-six patients who were diagnosed to have achalasia underwent LHD. The degree of dilatation was assessed based on the maximum horizontal diameter of the esophagus (Grades I–III). The type of dilatation was assessed based on the shape of the distal esophagus, namely, spindle type (Sp), flask type (Fk), and sigmoid type (Sig). The degree of improvement was classified into three grades as follows: A (complete disappearance), B (partial response), and C (unchanged). Results Chest pain improved (A or B) in 22 patients (92%). The statistical results revealed that the improvement of postoperative A or B was significantly better in patients with Sp than in those with Fk or Sig (P = 0.0213). In addition, the results revealed that the improvement of postoperative A or B was significantly better in patients with grade I and grade II than in those with grade III (P = 0.004). Conclusion LHD is an effective therapeutic technique for the treatment of chest pain associated with achalasia. These results suggest that both the morphological type and esophageal dilatation are useful predictors for the improvement of chest pain after surgical therapy.     

Laparoscopic Heller Myotomy and Dor Fundoplication for Esophageal Achalasia. How I do It

The advent and the success of minimally invasive surgery have changed the treatment algorithm for esophageal achalasia. Today, a laparoscopic Heller myotomy and partial fundoplication is considered the treatment of choice for this disease. This article describes the technique of laparoscopic Heller myotomy and Dor fundoplication.     

Quality of Life Comparing Dor and Toupet After Heller Myotomy for Achalasia

Background:

Laparoscopic Heller cardiomyotomy (LHC) is standard therapy for achalasia. Traditionally, an antireflux procedure has accompanied the myotomy. This study was undertaken to compare quality-of-life outcomes between patients undergoing myotomy with Toupet versus Dor fundoplication. In addition, we investigated overall patient satisfaction after LHC in the treatment of achalasia.

Methods:

One hundred thirty-five patients who underwent LHC over a 13-year period were identified for inclusion. Symptoms queried included dysphagia, heartburn, and bloating using the Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease–Health-Related Quality of Life Scale and a second published scale for the assessment of gastroesophageal reflux disease and dysphagia symptoms. The patients'' overall satisfaction after surgery was also rated. Data were compared on the basis of type of fundoplication. Symptom scores were analyzed using chi-square tests and Fisher''s exact tests.

Results:

Sixty-three patients completed the survey (47%). There were no perioperative deaths or reoperations. The mean length of stay was 2.8 days. The mean operative time for LHC with Toupet fundoplication was 137.3 ± 30.91 minutes and for LHC with Dor fundoplication was 111.5 ± 32.44 minutes (P = .006). There was no difference with respect to the incidence or severity of postoperative heartburn, dysphagia, or bloating. Overall satisfaction with Toupet fundoplication was 87.5% and with Dor fundoplication was 93.8% (P > .999).

Conclusions:

LHC with either Toupet or Dor fundoplication gave excellent patient satisfaction. Postoperative symptoms of heartburn and dysphagia were equivalent when comparing LHC with either antireflux procedure. Dor and Toupet fundoplication were found to have equivalent outcomes in the short term. We prefer Dor to Toupet fundoplication because of its decreased need for extensive dissection and better mucosal protection.     

腹腔镜Heller括约肌切开术治疗贲门失弛缓症

目的：探讨采用腹腔镜微创手术治疗贲门失弛缓症的可行性及临床效果。方法：对5例患者在术中行胃镜定位、监视下行腹腔镜Heller括约肌切开术治疗。结果：4例手术顺利,1例患者由于粘连严重,术中分破远端食管,经胃镜证实后即行腹腔镜下修补术,术后1d,4例症状明显改善,1例术后1周吞咽困难症状逐渐改善。随访5～17个月,均未再发生吞咽困难、返流、胸骨后疼痛等症状。结论：腹腔镜Heller括约肌切开术治疗贲门失弛缓症创伤小、恢复快,并可作为内科治疗失败后的补救治疗。     

How I Do It: Laparoscopic Heller Myotomy with Toupet Fundoplication for Achalasia

Achalasia, an esophageal motility disorder characterized by aperistalsis and failure of lower esophageal sphincter (LES) relaxation, is most effectively treated by surgical ablation of the LES. In this report, we describe our technique of laparoscopic extended Heller myotomy with Toupet partial posterior fundoplication. The technical details of this procedure include careful division of the longitudinal and circular muscle fibers of the LES anteriorly, including extension of the myotomy 3 cm distal to the esophagogastric junction onto the gastric cardia. The Toupet procedure, involving a posterior wrap of the gastric fundus which is secured to both edges of the myotomy as well as to the crura of the hiatus, is added to prevent post-myotomy gastroesophageal reflux. From a recently published report, mean dysphagia scores remained low (3 out of 10 severity on a visual analog scale) and symptoms of reflux were reported minimally in a series of 63 patients followed for a median of 45 months. This technique provides excellent and durable relief of dysphagia associated with achalasia while minimizing post-myotomy acid reflux symptoms.     

Laparoscopic Heller myotomy and Dor fundoplication for the treatment of achalasia

Background The significance of laparoscopic Heller myotomy and Dor fundoplication (LHD) for the treatment of achalasia in relation to the severity of the lesion has not been sufficiently assessed. Methods Of patients who were diagnosed with achalasia from August 1994 to February 2004, 55 individuals who underwent LHD served as subjects. The therapeutic effects of LHD were assessed in terms of operation time, intraoperative complications, postoperative hospital stay, and symptom improvement in relation to morphologic type (spindle type, Sp; flask type, Fk; and sigmoid type, Sig). Degree of symptomatic improvement was classified into four grades: excellent, good, fair, and poor. Results Breakdown of morphologic type was as follows: Sp, n = 29; Fk, n = 18; and Sig, n = 8. Excluding one patient for whom conversion to open surgery was required, median average operation time for 54 patients was 160 min. As to intraoperative complications, esophageal mucosal perforation was seen in nine of the 55 patients (16%); however, conversion to open surgery could be avoided by suturing the affected area. Moreover, intraoperative bleeding of at least 100 g was seen in five of the 55 patients (9%), with one Fk patient requiring conversion to open surgery and transfusion. Median postoperative hospital stay was 8 days. Degree of dysphagia relief was excellent in 45 patients (83%), good in eight patients (15%), and fair in one patient (2%). Excellent improvement was obtained in 90%, 88%, and 50% in Sp, Fk, and Sig patients, respectively. Reflux esophagitis was seen in two patients, and was treated with a proton pump inhibitor. Conclusions The results of the present study suggest that classification of morphologic type is a useful parameter in predicting postoperative outcome in achalasia. In order to achieve excellent symptomatic relief, surgery for achalasia should be recommended for but not limited to Sp and Fk types.     

Heller myotomy vs Heller myotomy plus Dor fundoplication

Background The addition of a Dor antireflux procedure reduces the risk of pathologic gastroesophageal reflux (GER) by ninefold following laparoscopic Heller myotomy for achalasia. It is not clear, however, how these benefits compare with the increased cost of the fundoplication. The objective of this study was to estimate the cost-effectiveness of Heller myotomy plus Dor fundoplication compared with Heller alone in patients with achalasia. Methods We conducted a cost–utility analysis using the Markov simulation model to examine the two treatment alternatives. The model estimated the total expected costs of each strategy over a 10-year time horizon. Data for the model were derived from our randomized clinical trial. The strategies were compared using the method of incremental cost-effectiveness analysis. Results The incidence of pathologic GER was 47.6% (10 of 21 patients) in the Heller group and 9.1% (2 of 22 patients) in the Heller plus Dor group using an intention-to-treat analysis (p = 0.005). Heller plus Dor was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of GERD (relative risk 0.11; 95% confidence interval 0.02–0.59; p = 0.01). The cost of surgery was significantly higher for Heller plus Dor than for Heller alone (mean difference $942; p = 0.04), secondary to a longer operating room time (mean difference 40 min; p = 0.01). At a time horizon of 10 years, when proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy costs are considered, the cost–utility analysis demonstrates that Heller plus Dor surgery is associated with a total cost of $6,861 per patient and a quality-adjusted life expectancy of 9.9 years, whereas Heller-alone surgery is associated with a cost of $9,541 per patient and a quality-adjusted life expectancy of 9.5 years. Conclusions In achalasia patients, Heller myotomy plus Dor fundoplication is preferred to Heller alone because it is both more effective in preventing postoperative GERD and more cost-effective at a time horizon of 10 years. Presented at the Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES) meeting, Hollywood, FL, USA, 13–16 April 2005