甲磺酸左氧氟沙星治疗37例泌尿系感染观察

目的：研究甲磺酸左氧氟沙星治疗细菌性尿路感染的临床疗效和安全性。方法：采用随机对照试验方法，将72例细菌性尿路感染病人分为治疗组37例和对照组35例，分别给予甲磺酸左氧氟沙星和乳酸环丙沙星治疗。结果：两组临床总有效率分别为86．5％和82．8％，细菌清除率分别为86．5％和80．0％，不良反应发生率分别为5．4％和8．6％，经统计学处理，差异均无显著意义（P〉0．05）。结论：甲磺酸左氧氟沙星治疗细菌性尿路感染安全、有效。     

莫西沙星与司氟沙星治疗泌尿道感染的成本-效果比较

目的评价莫西沙星与司氟沙星治疗泌尿道的疗效．不良反应及成本-效果。方法采用随机．开放,平行对照试验设计。选择泌尿道惑染病例260例．其中可评价病例242例。莫西沙星组（治疗组）121例．蛤予莫西沙星400mg,1日1次,疗程5～10d;司氟沙星（对照组）121例,给予司氟沙星0．3g。1日1次,疗程5～10d。结果莫西沙星组临床总有效率95．07％。司氟沙星组95．9％。两组的细菌清除率分别为95．7％和96．7％．不良反应发生率分别为9．08％和9．09％,两组比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,成本效果比分别为2．97和0．92（P〈0．01）。结论司氟沙星的治疗方案为治疗泌尿道感染的较佳方案。     

阿奇霉素与头孢拉定治疗呼吸道感染的比较

目的：评价阿奇霉素与头孢拉定治疗呼吸道感染的疗效及安全性。方法：86例病人随机分成2组,治疗组46例,po阿奇霉素0．25g,qd,首日剂量加倍;对照组40例,po头孢拉定0.5g,tid;疗程均为5－10d。结果：治疗组与对照组临床有效率分别为93．5％和92．5％;细菌清除率分别为94．6％和93．8％;不良反应发生率分别为6．5％和7．5％;二组间无显著性差异（P＞0．05）。结论：阿奇霉素治疗呼吸道感染疗效满意,安全方便,无显著不良反应。     

司氟沙星与阿奇霉素治疗男性性传播性尿道炎的研究

目的：了解司氟沙星1周疗法和司氟沙星1周疗法联合阿奇霉素3日疗法对男性性传播性尿道炎（STU）患者病原体DNA的转阴率,方法：选择首次出现尿道炎症状的男性患者为研究对象,将其随机分为对照组和治疗组,对照组用司氟沙星片0．2g,qd*7d,po,治疗组用司氟沙星片0．2g,qd*7d加上阿奇霉素胶囊1．0g,qd*3d,po,疗程结速后6－8d,用荧光定量－PCR（FQ－PCR）方法筛选出淋球菌,解脲脲原体,沙眼衣原体阳性者。结果：对照组病原体DNA总的阴转率47．3％,治疗组病原体DNA总的阴转率66．7％,结论：两种治疗方法病原体DNA的阴转率不理想,但联合用药较单一用药病原体阴转率高。     

甲磺酸培氟沙星与氧氟沙星对照治疗泌尿系感染87例疗效观察

甲磺酸培氟沙星、氯氟沙星同属第三代喹喏酮类抗菌药物,对G＋、G－均有抗菌作用。我们于1997年2月～1998年6月用甲磺酸培氟沙星与氯氟沙星随机对照治疗泌尿系感染87例,报告如下：1一般资料1．1病例选择：87例均为门诊病人,男37例,女50例,平均年龄31±4．6岁。随机分为甲磺酸培氟沙星（试验组）45例,氧氟沙星组（对照组）42例。1．2感染类型：急性尿道炎、急性肾盂肾炎、慢性肾盂肾炎急性发作患者试验组和对照组分别为16例和15例、22例和20例、7例和7例。1．3给药方法：甲磷酸培氟沙星胶囊400mg或氧氟沙星400mg,2次／d,疗程川,N。…     

盐酸芦氟沙星胶囊治疗急性化脓性中耳炎35例临床疗效观察

目的：评价盐酸芦氟沙星胶囊治疗急性化脓性中耳炎的疗效。方法：选择77例急性化脓性中耳炎化脓前期患者，均给予1％呋喃西林麻黄素点鼻液点鼻及1％酚甘油点耳液点耳。并随机分成两组，治疗组35例，用盐酸芦氟沙星胶囊0．2g,qd;对照组42例，用头孢拉啶胶囊0．5g,qid.疗程均为6d。结果：治疗组总有效率94．3％，对照组76．2％，经统计学处理具有显著性差异，结论：盐酸芦氟沙星胶囊治疗急性化脓性中耳炎具有疗效好，服药次数少，用药方便的优点。     

乳酸司氟沙星注射液治疗细菌性感染62例

目的：评价司氟沙星注射液治疗细菌性感染的疗效和安全性。方法：采用随机对照开放试验，试验组及开放组62例，用司氟沙星200－300mg.qd，对照组32例用氧氟沙星200mg,bid或tid，疗程7－14d。结果：司氟沙星临床有效率，细菌清除率，细菌敏感率和不良反应发生率分别为87．0％，88．2％，93．9％和16．1％。氧氟沙星为78．1％、83．8％，91．4％和12．5％。2组疗效和安全性结果经统计学处理无显著性差异（P＞0．05）。结论：司氟沙星抗菌谱广，抗菌活性强，对敏感菌所致的感染有较好的临床疗效。     

培氟沙星治疗泌尿道感染的疗效观察

目的：比较培氟沙星和氧氟沙星治疗泌尿系感染的疗效。方法：将90例尿路感染患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各45例,治疗组45例,给予培氟沙星0.4g静滴,每日2次;对照组45例,给予氧氟沙星0.2g静滴,每日2次。疗程7～10d。结果：治疗组和对照组的有效率分别为35.5%、33.33%,痊愈率分别为57.78%、31.11%。两组有效率比较,差异有统计学意义。培氟沙星不良反应发生率较低。结论：培氟沙星在治疗泌尿系感染中,疗效优于氧氟沙星。     

蚓激酶胶囊与阿司匹林治疗冠心病心绞痛的比较

目的探讨蚓激酶胶囊与阿司匹林治疗冠心病心绞痛的疗效对比。方法冠心病心绞痛病人80例,其中40例用蚓激酶胶囊0．4g,po,rid。另外40例用阿司匹林片0．1g,po,qd,均连用4N。结果蚓激酶组临床有效率及心电图改善率分别为98％与55％;阿司匹林组分别为98％与53％;2组比较P均〉0．05。2组对全血黏度及血小板聚集率都有明显改善作用（P〈0．01）,2组均未发现不良反应。结论蚓激酶与阿司匹林治疗冠心病心绞痛疗效均较好且安全。     

甲磺酸左氧氟沙星治疗化脓性中耳炎的疗效观察

目的：观察甲磺酸左氧氟沙星和头孢氨苄胶囊治疗化脓性中耳炎的临床疗效。方法：随机选择急、慢性化脓性中耳炎患者180例,口服甲磺酸左氧氟沙星组100例,每次0．2g,每天2次;头孢氨苄胶囊组80例,每次0．25g,每天2次,疗程均为7－10d。治疗前、后做临床和细菌学检查,进行疗效与安全性评估。结果：治疗组总有效率为87％,对照组81．3％;细菌转阴率分别为80．5％和76．8％。结论：甲磺酸左氧氟沙星治疗化脓性中耳炎有效,疗效优于头孢氨苄胶囊。     

甲磺酸左旋氧氟沙星治疗泌尿道感染临床疗效及安全性

目的：研究甲磺酸左旋氧氟沙星对泌尿道感染的治疗作用及安全性。方案：对30例细菌性泌尿道感染患者静脉滴注甲磺酸左旋氧氟沙星400mg/d,疗程5－7d；对70例泌尿道手术患者术后预防性静脉滴注甲磺酸左旋氧氟沙星400mg/d，疗程5d。结果：治愈率86．7％，有效率93．3％，只有2例（2％）出现了轻度的皮疹；2例（2％）出现肝功能轻度升高反应。结论：甲磺酸左旋氧氟沙星不仅适用于泌尿道感染，而且安全，不良反应少。     

司帕沙星与洛美沙星随机对照治疗急性细菌性感染多中心研究

采用国产司帕沙星（ｓｐａｒｆｌｏｘｃｃｉｎ）与洛美沙星（ｌｏｍｅｆｌｏｘａｃｉｎ）随机对照治疗呼吸道、泌尿道、皮肤软组织急细菌性感染及淋球菌笥为。共２０２例,试验组１０２例,对照组１００例,司帕沙星２００ｍｇ,每日１次,洛美沙星２００ｍｇ、３００ｍｇ每日２次,疗程５～１４天,两组的痊愈率与有效率分别为７９．４１％与９１。．１８％及６８．００％与８４．００％。两组细菌阳性率、清除率及阴转率分别为９５     

头孢克洛胶囊治疗尿路感染临床研究

目的 研究头孢克洛胶囊治疗尿路感染的临床疗效。方法 治疗组62例尿路感染患者给予头孢克洛胶囊0．5g，每日3次口服，疗程7d；对照组58例尿路感染患者给予乳酸左氧氟沙星片0．1g，每日2次口服，疗程7d。观察两组患者症状、体征及实验室检查。结果 治疗组治疗后总有效率为95．2％，对照组治疗后总有效率为74．1％。结论 用头孢克洛胶囊治疗尿路感染安全有效．疗效明显优于对照组。     

盐酸头孢卡品匹酯片治疗急性细菌性感染多中心双盲随机对照临床研究

目的评价头孢卡品匹酯片(第3代头孢菌素类抗生素)治疗急性细菌性感染的临床疗效和安全性。方法用多中心双盲双模拟随机平行对照试验设计,选择急性呼吸系统和泌尿系统细菌感染患者,试验组口服头孢卡品匹酯片100 mg,每日3次;对照组口服头孢泊肟酯片200 mg,每日2次,疗程5～14天。结果试验组入组135例,疗效评价128例,安全性评价135例;对照组入组134例,疗效评价129例,安全性评价134例。治疗后,2组总有效率分别为97.66%,94.57%;总的细菌清除率分别为96.36%,94.06%;药物不良反应发生率,试验组为5.19%,对照组为4.48%,2组比较差异无统计学意义,未见严重不良反应。结论头孢卡品匹酯片治疗急性呼吸系统和泌尿系统细菌感染,临床疗效确切,安全性较好。     

莫西沙星与司帕沙星治疗泌尿道感染的药物经济学分析

目的探讨莫西沙星与司帕沙星治疗泌尿道感染的经济效果。方法采用随机、开放、平行对照试验设计。选择泌尿道感染病例195例。其中可评价病例176例,莫西沙星组（治疗组）90例,给予莫西沙星400mg,1日1次,疗程为14d;司帕沙星组（对照组）86例,给予司帕沙星200mg,1日1次,疗程为14d。对莫西沙星与司帕沙星治疗泌尿道感染的疗效,不良反应,应用药物经济学成本-效果分析方法进行评价。结果莫西沙星组临床总有效率97．8％,司帕沙星组91．9％,两组的细菌清除率分别为96．7％和94．2％,不良反应发生率分别为7．78％和9．30％。两组比较均无显著性差异（P〉0．05）;成本-效果比分别为4．16和1．72（P〈0.01）。结论司帕沙星组治疗方案是治疗泌尿道感染的较佳方案。     

润燥止痒胶囊联合培氟沙星乳膏、阿达帕林凝胶治疗寻常型痤疮疗效观察

目的：观察润燥止痒胶囊联合培氟沙星乳膏、阿达帕林凝胶治疗寻常型痤疮的临床疗效。方法将86例痤疮患者随机分为两组,对照组43例应用培氟沙星乳膏及阿达帕林凝胶外用治疗;治疗组加用润燥止痒胶囊口服。疗程均为4周。结果治疗组有效率为81.39%,对照组有效率为58.13%,治疗组疗效优于对照组,两组疗效比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论润燥止痒胶囊联合培氟沙星乳膏及阿达帕林凝胶治疗寻常型痤疮疗效肯定,无不良反应。     

甲磺酸帕珠沙星治疗泌尿道感染的临床疗效及安全性分析

目的分析与总结甲磺酸帕珠沙星治疗泌尿道感染的临床疗效及安全性,为提高临床药物安全应用提供证据。方法回顾性分析我院80例采用甲磺酸帕珠沙星治疗的泌尿道感染患者的临床资料,总结其临床疗效及所有与药物有关的不良反应资料。结果治疗后整体泌尿道感染痊愈率为85%(68例),总有效率达到96.25%(77例),其中急性肾盂肾炎有效率最高为100%,慢性肾盂肾炎急发最低为80.95%。不良反应方面:帕珠沙星的不良反应发生率为18.75%,主药的不良反应为消化系统的恶心、腹泻,未见严重不良事件发生。结论甲磺酸帕珠沙星是一种临床治疗轻中度泌尿道感染有效、安全的抗菌药物。     

国产头孢呋辛治疗下呼吸道、泌尿道感染的随机对照、多中心临床试验

目的　评价国产头孢呋辛和进口头孢呋辛治疗感染性疾病的疗效和安全性。方法　随机、对照、多中心研究 ,每组 6 0例 ,其中下呼吸道、泌尿道感染各 30例 ,两药剂量均为每次 1.5 g,q8h,静滴 ,疗程 7～14 d。结果　国产和进口头孢呋辛治疗下呼吸道感染的临床痊愈率分别为 70 %和 6 0 % ,有效率均为 93.3% ;治疗泌尿是感染痊愈率分别为 93%和 83% ,有效率均为 10 0 % ,细菌清除率国产头孢呋辛组 96 .4 % ;进口头孢呋辛组 96 .3%。国产和进口头孢呋辛组不良反应发生率分别为 1.7%和 3.3%。两组疗效和不良反应无统计学差异 (P>0 .0 5 )。结论　国产头孢呋辛治疗下呼吸道感染、泌尿道感染性疾病安全、有效 ,与进口产品等效。     

Cefpodoxime proxetil. A review of its antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic potential.

Cefpodoxime proxetil is an orally administered prodrug which is absorbed and de-esterified by the intestinal mucosa to release the third generation cephalosporin, cefpodoxime. Cefpodoxime is stable towards the most commonly found plasmid-mediated beta-lactamases and the drug has a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity encompassing both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, rendering it a possible option for empirical use in a wide range of community acquired infections in both adult and paediatric patients. The extended plasma half-life of cefpodoxime (1.9 to 3.7 h) permits twice daily administration. In comparative trials, twice daily cefpodoxime proxetil (dose equivalent cefpodoxime 100 to 400 mg) was as effective as a 3- to 4-times daily regimen of phenoxymethylpenicillin in pharyngotonsillitis, as well as thrice daily amoxicillin (with or without clavulanic acid) or cefaclor against infections of the ear, the upper and lower respiratory tract, the urinary tract and those of the skin and soft tissues. The latter reflects the enhanced antistaphylococcal activity of cefpodoxime, which distinguishes it from other orally active third generation cephalosporins such as cefixime. Most notably, an oral regimen of cefpodoxime proxetil was as efficacious as parenterally administered ceftriaxone for the treatment of bronchopneumonia in hospitalised patients at risk due to the presence of underlying diseases, addictions or advancing age. A single oral dose of cefpodoxime was also as efficacious as ceftriaxone in uncomplicated anogenital gonococcal infections. Cefpodoxime proxetil is generally well tolerated, with mild to moderate gastrointestinal disturbances occurring in 4 to 15% of patients treated with therapeutic doses. Thus, a convenient twice daily oral regimen of cefpodoxime proxetil can be prescribed as an effective alternative to established beta-lactam therapies in the empirical outpatient treatment of infections of the respiratory and urinary tracts as well as those of the skin and soft tissues.     

Pefloxacin single-dose in the treatment of acute uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections in women: a meta-analysis of seven clinical trials

The objective of the meta-analysis was to assess the efficacy and safety of a single oral dose of 800 mg pefloxacin in the treatment of acute uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections in women. A total of 1578 women were enrolled in five controlled (four double-blind and one open) and two non-comparative multicentre clinical trials. The comparative treatment regimen in the five controlled trials was trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in four studies, and norfloxacin in one study. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was administered orally 160/800 mg twice daily for 3-7 days, norfloxacin 400 mg b.i.d. for 5 days. Analyses of these studies were performed for the intent-to-treat population and safety population. The 1298 patients (815 patients with pefloxacin, 404 with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and 79 with norfloxacin) included in the intent-to-treat-analysis were those with clinical signs and symptoms of acute cystitis and significant bacteriuria (>/=10(5) cfu/ml midstream urine) who received a single oral dose of pefloxacin or were treated with the control drug. Success rates of pefloxacin achieved 4 to 6 weeks after the start of treatment ranged from 65.8% to 97.7% for cure or improvement of clinical signs and symptoms and from 53.8% to 90.5% for bacteriological eradication (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 69.1% to 92.5% abd 52.1% to 85.1%, and norfloxacin 74.7% and 58.2%, respectively). The pooled percentage of patients in whom pefloxacin therapy cured or improved clinical symptoms was 82.5% (95% CI: 79.7% to 85.0%). The pooled rate of bacteriological eradication was 76.3% (95% CI: 73.2% to 79.2%). The pooled success rates of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were 82.7% (95% CI: 78.6% to 86.2%) for clinical cure or improvement, and 74.3% (95% CI: 69.7% to 78.5%) for bacteriological eradication. Testing for equivalence between pefloxacin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in an exploratory sense, the minimal equivalence region with significant results was 4.1% points for clinical cure or improvement (P < 0.05) and 6.5% points for bacteriological eradication (P < 0.05). Adverse events were reported in 235 out of 987 patients treated with pefloxacin. The pooled incidence was 23.8% (incidence in individual studies 13.5% to 47.3%). The pooled incidence of adverse events associated with the use of the comparative drugs was 20.5% (incidence in individual studies 5.9 to 47.7%).