Three new iridoids from the roots of Valeriana jatamansi

Three new iridoids, valeriandoids D-F (1-3), have been isolated from the roots of Valeriana jatamansi. Structure elucidation, especially the positions of the acyloxy groups, and complete (1)H- and (13)C-NMR assignments of these new compounds were carried out using one- and two-dimensional NMR measurements, including (1)H- and (13)C-NMR, DEPT-135, (1)H-(1)H COSY, HMQC, HMBC, and HR-ESI-MS experiments.     

蜘蛛香环烯醚萜类成分的研究进展

蜘蛛香环烯醚萜类化合物是一类具有广泛生物活性的天然化合物,因其药用价值显著而备受重视。文中综述了国内外有关蜘蛛香环烯醚萜类化合物的研究,介绍了蜘蛛香环烯醚萜类化合物的理化性质、提取分离研究和含量测定方法,同时对蜘蛛香环烯醚萜类化合物几种明确的药理作用及作用机制做了较详细介绍,以期为该类化合物的进一步研究开发及应用提供参考。     

A new iridoid tetraester from Valeriana jatamansi

A new iridoid tetraester, namely valeriotetrate A was isolated from the roots of Valeriana jatamansi Jones, together with the known iridoids IVHD-valtrate and valerosidate.     

Two new flavone glycosides from Valeriana jatamansi

From the rhizomes and roots of Valeriana jatamansi Jones, two new flavone glycosides, acacetin 7-O-beta-sophoroside (1), and acacetin 7-O-(6"-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-sophoroside (2), have been isolated together with fifteen known compounds. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic and chemical means.     

Three minor valepotriate isomers from Valeriana jatamansi and their cytotoxicity

Three new minor valepotriate isomers, jatamanvaltrates Z1 (1), Z2 (2), and Z3 (3), have been isolated from the whole plants of Valeriana jatamansi (syn. Valeriana wallichii.). Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis, especially 2D NMR and ESI-MS/MSⁿ. All isolated compounds displayed moderate cytotoxicity against the lung adenocarcinoma (A549), metastatic prostate cancer (PC-3 M), colon cancer (HCT-8), and hepatoma (Bel7402) cell lines with IC₅₀ values of 2.8–8.3 μM.     

蜘蛛香的化学成分研究

目的研究蜘蛛香的化学成分。方法采用大孔吸附树脂AB-8、硅胶柱层析、葡聚糖凝胶LH-20柱层析等方法进行分离纯化,利用1 H-NMR、13 C-NMR等波谱技术对化合物的结构进行解析。结果分离并鉴定了2个倍半萜类化合物、1个环烯醚萜内酯和4个环烯醚萜类化合物,分别为:8-acetoxyl-patchouli alcohol(1)、8-hydroxyl-pathouli alcohol(2)、jatamanin A(3)、11-ethoxyviburtinal(4)、baldrinal(5)、11-methoxyviburtinal(6)、deacylbaldrinal(7)。结论化合物2为首次从蜘蛛香中分离得到。     

贵州地产蜘蛛香质量分析

目的：评价贵州省各地所产蜘蛛香的内在质量。方法：采用高效液相色谱法对蜘蛛香中橙皮苷进行含量测定;色谱柱为Diamonsil C18（200mm×4．60mm,5μm）,流动相为甲醇一醋酸-水（35：4：61）;检测波长为283nm,流速为1．0ml／min,柱温为30℃。橙皮苷在0．07718-0．84876μg范围内,进样量与峰面积呈良好线性关系,相关系数r=0．99999（n=6）;橙皮苷回收率为102．32％,RSD=1．95％（n=6）。结果：不同产地蜘蛛香中橙皮苷含量变化范围较大。结论：通过检测蜘蛛香中橙皮苷含量,可以为蜘蛛香内在质量控制提供参考数据,该方法简单、可行,结果准确、可靠。     

缬草环烯醚萜酯体外抗肿瘤作用的实验研究

目的 观察缬草环烯醚萜酯的抗肿瘤作用. 方法 采用噻唑蓝染色法（MTT）, 选用人白血病HL-60和人白血病K-562细胞株, 镜下观察细胞生长状况、密度、形态, 检测吸光度值（A值）, 计算抑瘤率. 结果缬草环烯醚萜酯组瘤细胞明显少于0.9%氯化钠溶液组, 尤其以大剂量组更为突出, 边缘见有少许细胞与结晶体, 并可见许多细胞残片, 与溶剂组比较, 组间比较差异有显著性或极显著性 ( P<0.05或 P<0.01);且抑瘤率与给药剂量呈正相关. 结论 缬草环烯醚萜酯对HL-60、K-562在体外有显著的抗肿瘤作用.     

从北缬草根中得到的一个新的愈创木烷内脂

从北缬草根中得到的一个新的愈创木烷内脂命名为缬草素C.8α-acetoxyl-3α,4α,10β-trihydroxyl-guaia-1（2）-ene-12,6α-olide.     

Valeriana jatamansi partially reverses liver cirrhosis and tissue hyperproliferative response in rat

Valeriana jatamansi (family, Valerianaceae) is a traditional medicinal herb in the Indian subcontinent. This study provides experimental evidence indicating the therapeutic effect of the extract prepared from the dried rhizome of the herb in an animal model of liver cirrhosis and on cell proliferation. Liver cirrhosis was induced in rats by thioacetamide (0.03% in drinking water for 16 weeks). After inducing liver cirrhosis, rats were administered the extract orally for 9 weeks. Treatment was found to partially reverse the elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transferase and selected biochemical markers of hepatic injury including drug-metabolizing enzymes. Histopathology of the hepatic tissue confirmed the therapeutic effect of the extract which corroborated with the biochemical changes. The extract is also reported to ameliorate hepatic cell proliferation in rats injected with thioacetamide. The study has implications in finding a treatment for liver cirrhosis in humans.     

Three-membered ring sesquiterpenoids with NGF-potentiating activity from the roots of Valeriana fauriei

Three novel three-membered ring sesquiterpenoids, named kissoone A (1), kissoone B (2), and its acetylated product, kissoone C (3), were isolated from the roots of Valeriana fauriei. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. Compounds 2 and 3 showed enhancing activity on nerve growth factor (NGF)-mediated neurite outgrowth in PC 12D cells.     

The roots of Nardostachys jatamansi inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxin shock

Nardostachys jatamansi (NJ) has been used in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. However, it is not clear how NJ produces anti-inflammatory effects. In the present study, using an experimental model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxin shock, the protective effects and mechanisms of action of NJ were investigated. The water extract of roots of NJ was administrated to mice orally (1, 5, and 10 mg/kg) 1 h after or before LPS challenge. The administration of NJ inhibited LPS-induced endotoxin shock and the production of inflammatory mediators, such as interleukin (IL)-1??, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-??, and interferon (IFN)-??/??. Murine peritoneal macrophages were used to determine the production of inflammatory mediators. In peritoneal macrophages, NJ also inhibited LPS-induced production of inflammatory mediators, such as IL-1??, IL-6, TNF-??, and IFN-??/??. In addition, NJ reduced the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the level of expression of interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-1 and IRF-7 mRNA. Furthermore, post-treatment with NJ reduced LPS-induced endotoxin shock and the production of inflammatory mediators. These results suggest that NJ inhibits endotoxin shock by inhibiting the production of IL-1??, IL-6, TNF-??, and IFN-??/?? through the inhibition of MAPKs activation and IRF induction.     

用HPLC法同时测定蜘蛛香中4种缬草素类成分的含量

目的：建立测定蜘蛛香药材中4种缬草素类成分缬草三酯、Chlorovaltrate、Jatamanvaltrate P和Jatamanvaltrate Q含量的HPLC法。方法：采用Eclipse OB-C18色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）;以乙腈（A）-水（B）为流动相进行梯度洗脱,0～20 min A∶B=75∶25,20～25 min A∶B=87∶13,25 min后A∶B=75∶25;流速0.8 ml/min;检测波长256 nm;柱温25 ℃。结果：缬草三酯、Chlorovaltrate、Jatamanvaltrate P和Jatamanvaltrate Q的线性范围分别为0.18～3.06 mg、0.23～3.41 mg、0.12～1.72 mg、1.22～20.41 mg,精密度RSD分别为1.31%、1.41%、2.82%和1.35%（n=7）,重现性RSD分别为2.08%、1.43%、1.86%和1.39%（n=4）,平均加样回收率分别为（99.72±0.33）%、（97.74±1.05）%、（99.90±0.77）%和（100.03±1.47）% （n=5）,稳定性RSD分别为2.78%、1.98%、2.21%和2.62%（n=3）。结论：本方法准确、简便、快速,可用于蜘蛛香药材的质量控制。     

Antidepressant effects of total iridoids of Valeriana jatamansi via the intestinal flora-blood–brain barrier pathway

ContextValeriana jatamansi Jones [syn. V. wallichii DC, (Valerianaceae)] (VJJ) is used to treat depression.ObjectiveTo explore the effects of total iridoids of VJJ extract (TIV) on chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) in mice.Materials and methodsVJJ roots and rhizomes were extracted with 70% ethanol. CUMS rats were treated daily with fluoxetine (2.6 mg/kg, i.g.) or TIV (5.7, 11.4, and 22.8 mg/kg, i.g.) for 14 days. Male Kun Ming mice on normal chow and 0.5% CMC–Na solution were used as a control. Behavioural tests included the tail suspension (TST) and sucrose preference tests (SPT). Evans blue staining was used to evaluate blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Western blotting was used to measure zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin expression. 16S rRNA sequencing was used to analyse intestinal flora abundance. Tax4Fun was used to predict KEGG metabolic pathways.ResultsTIV treatment reduced TST time (117.35 ± 8.23 or 108.95 ± 6.76 vs. 144.45 ± 10.30 s), increased SPT (55.83 ± 7.24 or 53.12 ± 13.85 vs. 38.98 ± 5.43%), increased the abundance of phylum Firmicutes (86.99 ± 0.03 vs. 60.88 ± 0.19%) and genus Lactobacillus (75.20 ± 0.19 vs. 62.10 ± 0.13%), reduced the abundance of phylum Bacteroidetes (6.69 ± 0.06 or 11.50 ± 0.09 vs. 25.07 ± 0.20%). TIV increased carbohydrate metabolism (14.50 ± 3.00 × 10⁻³ or 14.60 ± 2.00 × 10⁻³ or 14.90 ± 2.00 × 10⁻³ vs.13.80 ± 4.00 × 10⁻³%), replication and repair functions (5.60 ± 1.00 × 10⁻³ or 5.60 ± 1.00 × 10⁻³ vs. 5.10 ± 4.00 × 10⁻³%), reduced the frequency of infectious disease (1.60 ± 2.00 × 10⁻⁴ or 1.90 ± 5.00 × 10⁻⁴ or 1.80 ± 3.00 × 10⁻⁴ vs. 2.20 ± 7.00 × 10⁻³%), BBB permeability (0.77 ± 0.30 vs. 1.81 ± 0.33 μg/g), and up-regulated the expression of ZO-1 (1.42-fold, 1.60-fold, 1.71-fold) and occludin (1.79-fold, 2.20-fold).ConclusionsTIV may modulate the intestinal flora, thereby inducing the expression of ZO-1 and occludin, protecting the BBB and exerting an antidepressant effect.     

Iridoids from plantago lagopus

Catalpol ( 1 ), harpagoside ( 2 ), aucubin ( 3 ), 10-benzoylcatalpol ( 4 ) and 6-a-hydroxy-geniposide ( 5 ) were isolated from the aerial parts of Plantago lagopus L. for the first time. More generally, this is the first report of compound 5 being obtained from a plant extract.     

Iridoids from Galium aparine

The isolation and UV, IR, 1 H- and 13 C-NMR data of asperulosidic acid, 10-deacetylasperulosidic acid from Galium aparine L. aerial parts are reported.     

Iridoids from Phlomis umbrosa

Two epimeric pairs of iridoid aglycones, named shanzhigenin methyl ester and 1-epishanzhigenin methyl ester, and 8-acetylshanzhigenin methyl ester and 8-acetyl-1-epishanzhigenin methyl ester, were isolated from Phlomis umbrosa roots, along with five known iridoid glucosides. The four iridoid aglycones are reported for the first time from a natural source. Their structures were established by spectroscopic methods, mainly 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopic experiments, and chemical methods.     

Iridoids from Verbascum pulverulentum

From the roots of VERBASCUM PULVERULENTUM Vill. two iridoids of the 6- O-alpha- L-rhamnopyranosylcatalpol-type have been isolated and structural elucidated.     

Iridoids from Verbascum species

The occurrence of iridoids from 16 VERBASCUM species was investigated. The negative ion mass spectroscopy of the acetylated compounds was very useful concerning the appearance of a molecular ion. The fragmentation behaviour of the iridoids under positive and negative ionization is compared and discussed.     

Iridoids from Penstemon richardsonii

From the leaves of PENSTEMON RICHARDSONII Dougl., four valeriana-type ester iridoids have been isolated and structurally elucidated as serrulatoloside, 10-deoxypatrinoside, serrulatoloside-aglycone, and 10-deoxypatrinoside-aglycone.