服刑人员儿童期虐待对攻击和自杀意念的影响：自我控制的中介作用

目的:探讨儿童期虐待对服刑人员攻击、自杀意念的影响以及自我控制在其中的中介作用。方法:以365名男性服刑人员为研究对象,采用攻击问卷、自杀意念评定量表、自我控制量表、儿童期虐待问卷进行调查。结果:(1)儿童期虐待与自我控制、自杀意念和攻击量表的得分均存在显著正相关(P0.01),自我控制得分与自杀和攻击之间相关也显著(P0.01);(2)自我控制在儿童期虐待与攻击行为之间起着完全中介的作用,而在儿童期虐待与自杀意念之间,起着部分中介的作用。结论:服刑人员儿童期虐待经历会对其攻击水平和自杀意念有着显著的预测作用,自我控制在儿童期虐待与攻击、自杀的关系中起中介作用,可基于个体儿童期受虐待经历和自我控制能力进行干预以降低其自杀和攻击水平。     

精神病态人格与大学生预谋性攻击的关系：一个有调节的中介模型

目的:探讨大学生自我控制在精神病态人格与预谋性攻击之间的中介作用,以及法律犬儒主义的调节作用。方法:采用黑暗十二条量表、自我控制、预谋性攻击、法律犬儒主义问卷对486名高校大学生进行调查。结果:①精神病态人格显著正向预测大学生的预谋性攻击;②自我控制在精神病态与预谋性攻击之间起部分中介作用;③法律犬儒主义对自我控制的中介作用存在显著的调节作用。当法律犬儒主义较强时,大学生的精神病态人格通过自我控制能力对预谋性攻击的影响较强;当法律犬儒主义较弱时,大学生精神病态人格通过自我控制能力对预谋性攻击的影响较弱。结论:精神病态人格通过自我控制对预谋性攻击产生影响,影响效果受到法律犬儒主义的调节。     

自我宽恕对服刑人员攻击性的影响:应对方式的调节作用

目的:探讨自我宽恕对服刑人员攻击性的影响,以及应对方式在自我宽恕和服刑人员攻击性关系中的调节作用。方法:采用Heartland宽恕量表、攻击性量表、简易应对方式量表对294名服刑人员进行测查。结果:服刑人员的自我宽恕与攻击性显著负相关(r=-0.252,P0.001);积极应对(β=0.080,P0.05)和消极应对(β=0.117,P0.05)均对服刑人员的自我宽恕与攻击性的关系有显著调节作用,自我宽恕对多采用积极应对方式的服刑人员的攻击性有更显著负向影响,且仅对少采用消极应对方式的服刑人员的攻击性有显著负向影响。结论:自我宽恕对服刑人员的攻击性有显著负向影响;应对方式可以调节自我宽恕与服刑人员攻击性的关系。     

大学生冲动攻击性和预谋攻击性特点及影响因素

目的:旨在了解大学生的冲动攻击性和预谋攻击性特点及其影响因素。方法:采用冲动/预谋攻击性量表、童年创伤问卷-短版和Barratt冲动性量表于2011年对来自北京三所大学共290名学生进行施测。结果:①在攻击类型的分布上,男女大学生类似,都是冲动攻击性主型的个体更多,都超过60%;②影响大学生冲动攻击性和预谋攻击性的因素有所不同:冲动攻击性的影响因素有运动冲动,以及情感忽视的童年创伤经历,而预谋攻击性的影响因素是注意冲动,以及躯体忽视的童年创伤经历。结论:大学生以冲动攻击性为主型的个体占大多数;影响大学生冲动攻击性和预谋攻击性的因素有所不同,冲动性和童年创伤经历的不同方面和两类冲动性存在有区别的联系。     

服刑人员攻击行为特征及与公正感知的关系

目的:为了解服刑人员的攻击行为和公正感知的现状及关系。方法:以(罪犯)修订版AQ问卷、公正世界信念量表为工具,抽取贵州省某监狱和河南省某监狱791名轻刑犯为对象,统计方法采用描述性统计、差异检验、相关分析和回归分析等。结果:1服刑人员攻击行为处于一般靠上水平,公正感知不高;2不同受教育水平的服刑人员在愤怒和敌意得分有显著差异(F=4.52,3.03;P0.05)。不同刑期的服刑人员在愤怒、敌意和个人公正得分有显著差异(F=5.762,7.132,3.322;P0.05)。不同家庭关系的服刑人员在愤怒、敌意和躯体攻击因子得分存在显著差异(F=3.679,6.074,2.643;P0.05);3公正感知与攻击行为存在负相关,言语攻击和敌意对公正感知有显著的负向预测作用(Beta=-0.141,-0.095)。结论:服刑人员攻击行为影响公正感知。     

大五人格对冲动消费的影响:一个中介模型

目的:考察大五人格类型对冲动消费行为的影响以及自我控制和感觉寻求的中介作用。方法:采用在线调查的方式,使用大五人格量表简版,自我控制量表、感觉寻求量表简版和自我报告的冲动消费行为评价对1571名金融行业的工作人员施测。结果:大五人格类型均和冲动消费有显著相关,以自我控制和感觉寻求为中介变量的SEM模型拟合良好(χ~2/df=18.99/3=6.33,CFI=0.99,TLI=0.96,SRMR=0.01,RMSEA=0.06),自我控制和感觉寻求在外倾性、宜人性和尽责性对冲动消费的影响中起了完全中介作用,外倾性和尽责性对冲动消费的总效应最大,前者表现为正效应,后者表现为负效应。结论:大五人格类型对冲动消费的影响很大程度上通过自我控制与感觉寻求的中介作用实现。     

关系攻击行为对儿童心理社会适应的影响

目的:探讨关系攻击行为对儿童心理社会适应的影响.方法:采用班级戏剧问卷、儿童孤独量表、同伴提名、朋友提名对549名儿童进行测查.结果:①女孩的关系攻击水平高于男孩.②关系攻击与受欺侮、退缩、被拒绝显著正相关,与孤独感、朋友数量相关不显著.③分层回归分析显示,在控制了外部攻击的影响后,关系攻击仍能正向预测受欺侮、退缩、被拒绝.结论:关系攻击行为能够有效预测儿童的心理社会适应.     

自我宽恕对服刑人员冲动性的影响:一个有调节的中介模型

目的:探讨自我宽恕对服刑人员冲动性的影响,以及心理健康和人生意义感在服刑人员自我宽恕与冲动性关系中的中介和调节作用。方法:采用Heartland宽恕量表、冲动性量表(BIS-11)、总体健康量表(GHQ-20)及人生意义感量表对292名服刑人员进行测查。结果:自我宽恕与心理健康(r=-0.318,P0.001)、冲动性(r=-0.235,P0.001)显著负相关,与人生意义感显著正相关(r=0.183,P0.001);心理健康与冲动性显著正相关(r=0.500,P0.001),与人生意义感显著负相关(r=-0.378,P0.001);人生意义感与冲动性显著负相关(r=-0.360,P0.001)。自我宽恕对服刑人员冲动性有显著负向预测作用(总效应值=-0.269,P0.001),心理健康在两者的关系中起了部分中介作用(间接效应值=-0.148,P0.01);人生意义感对自我宽恕和冲动性的关系(B=0.086,t=-1.961,P0.05)、心理健康与冲动性(B=-0.105,t=0.105,P0.05),以及自我宽恕与心理健康(B=0.127,t=-1.998,P0.01)的关系均具有调节作用。结论:自我宽恕对服刑人员的冲动性有抑制效应,心理健康和人生意义感在服刑人员自我宽恕与冲动性的关系中分别起了中介和调节作用。     

羞怯与攻击的关系:受欺负和自我控制的中介作用

目的:探讨受欺负和自我控制在羞怯与攻击之间的中介作用。方法:采用大学生羞怯量表、大学生欺负行为问卷的受欺负分量表、大学生自我控制量表和攻击问卷(AQ)测量了510名大学生。结果:1羞怯、受欺负与攻击三者之间均呈显著正相关,羞怯、受欺负和攻击与自我控制呈显著负相关;2受欺负和自我控制在羞怯与攻击之间起完全中介作用。结论:羞怯通过受欺负和自我控制的完全中介作用影响个体的攻击性。     

品行障碍青少年冲动性人格在抑郁与攻击行为间的中介作用

目的:探讨品行障碍青少年的冲动性人格在抑郁与攻击之间的中介作用。方法:采用流调中心抑郁量表(CES-D)、攻击量表(AQ)、Barratt冲动量表(BIS-11)对45名品行障碍青少年和63名健康青少年进行调查。结果:品行障碍患者的抑郁、冲动人格和攻击性显著高于健康对照组。相关分析发现,在品行障碍组中抑郁、冲动性人格与攻击呈显著正相关;路径分析表明品行障碍组中冲动性人格在抑郁与攻击间起着完全中介作用,健康对照组中该中介作用不存在。结论:品行障碍患者的抑郁症状可能对攻击没有直接作用,而是通过冲动性人格的完全中介作用间接影响攻击行为。     

Impulsive aggression with irritability and responsive to divalproex: a pediatric bipolar spectrum disorder phenotype?

BACKGROUND: The objective of this retrospective chart review was to evaluate the phenomenology and response to divalproex in a sub-population of children admitted to an inpatient setting with severe impairing symptoms of irritability and aggression. In addition, we examined whether the symptomatology of this group was consistent with a pediatric divalproex-responsive bipolar spectrum disorder. METHODS: The charts of 46 child and adolescent patients with prominent impulsive aggression with irritability admitted to a crisis stabilization center were assessed retrospectively. Impulsive aggressive symptoms were assessed for admission and discharge severity by two clinicians using the Overt Aggression Scale (OAS) and the Anger-Hostility Subscale of the SCL-90 (SCL-A), with overall functioning changes assessed using the Children's Global Assessment Scale (C-GAS). RESULTS: Statistically significant improvements were obtained for the group in the C-GAS, with significant decreases in the OAS and the SCL-A scores at discharge, following a maximal 14-day stay. No severe side effects were reported. All patients met the criteria for a potential pediatric bipolar phenotype. LIMITATIONS: This was a retrospective study without randomization or a control group. Additionally, the non-blinded design may have biased the raters concerning the effectiveness of divalproex for impulsive aggression. CONCLUSIONS: Our data are in line with divalproex response in children and adolescents with target symptoms of explosive temper and mood instability. Our data further suggest that such symptoms, coupled with impulsive aggression and irritability, as well as related manic symptoms, constitute a pediatric divalproex-responsive bipolar spectrum disorder.     

Self-reported trauma, cortisol levels, and aggression in psychopathic and non-psychopathic prison inmates

The relationship between self-reported traumatic childhood experiences, cortisol levels, aggression, and psychopathy was investigated in prison inmates (n=47) and healthy controls (n=27). Besides questionnaires, a brief salivary diurnal profile was measured. Results show that criminals (both psychopaths and non-psychopaths) demonstrate more traumatic childhood experiences than the control group. Within the group of criminals, psychopaths showed the lowest diurnal cortisol concentrations, whereas the non-psychopaths demonstrated highest daily average cortisol (DAC) scores. High levels of aggression were related to traumatic childhood experiences in non-psychopaths and control participants, but not in psychopaths. Although psychopathic offenders demonstrated low levels of cortisol, high levels of childhood traumatic experiences and high levels of aggression, cortisol was not a mediating factor between childhood traumatic experiences and aggression. Implications of the finding that psychopathic offenders displayed lower and non-psychopaths showed higher daily cortisol levels are discussed.     

MMPI-2 performance of Mexican male university students and prison inmates

In this study, we compared the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) performance of male university students and incarcerated criminal offenders in Mexico. Our aim was to determine whether the MMPI-2 can effectively differentiate between these two distinct groups on scales that are reflective of antisocial behaviors. Our expectations were highly confirmed across the three sets of scales that we considered: the validity and clinical, content, and supplementary scales. Criminal offenders obtained higher or more pathological scores on such scales as Infrequency (F), Schizophrenia (Sc), MacAndrew Alcoholism Scale (MAC-R), Fears (FRS), and so on. Overall, these findings support further research with such target populations as prison inmates in Mexico and other countries in Latin America.     

Factor structure of the barratt impulsiveness scale

The purpose of the present study was to revise the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale Version 10 (BIS-10), identify the factor structure of the items among normals, and compare their scores on the revised form (BIS-11) with psychiatric inpatients and prison inmates. The scale was administered to 412 college undergraduates, 248 psychiatric inpatients, and 73 male prison inmates. Exploratory principal components analysis of the items identified six primary factors and three second-order factors. The three second-order factors were labeled Attentional Impulsiveness, Motor Impulsiveness, and Nonplanning Impulsiveness. Two of the three second-order factors identified in the BIS-11 were consistent with those proposed by Barratt (1985), but no cognitive impulsiveness component was identified per se. The results of the present study suggest that the total score of the BIS-11 is an internally consistent measure of impulsiveness and has potential clinical utility for measuring impulsiveness among selected patient and inmate populations.     

在校大学生关系攻击行为及其影响因素

目的:通过分析比较在校大学生与在岗职员关系攻击行为及其影响因素,为采取有针对性干预措施提供科学依据。方法:采用关系攻击量表、社交回避及苦恼量表和简式父母教养方式问卷中文版调查在校大学生和在岗职员的关系攻击行为、关系攻击信念、社交回避与苦恼、父母拒绝、情感温暖、过度保护等得分情况,并对两类人群的关系攻击行为及影响因素进行分析。结果:在校大学生关系攻击行为得分显著低于在岗职员(t=-3.708,P0.05),但社交苦恼、情感温暖得分显著高于在岗职员(t=2.314,3.161;P0.05),影响在校大学生关系攻击行为的因素有关系攻击信念和过度保护(r=0.506,0.441;P0.05),影响在岗职员关系攻击行为的因素有攻击信念和社交苦恼(r=0.765,0.241;P0.05),两组人群的关系攻击行为不存在显著的性别差异(t=-0.172,1.160;P0.05)。结论:在岗职员的关系攻击行为较在校大学生明显增多,影响在校大学生关系攻击行为的因素主要为关系攻击信念和过度保护。     

福建省监狱服刑人员焦虑情绪的调查分析研究

目的 研究福建省服刑人员焦虑情绪特征、水平,为监狱服刑人员心理健康教育、矫治工作提供一定的理论依据.方法 采用<中国罪犯心理测试个性分测验>(COPA-PI)对福建省监狱1300名服刑人员进行施测,并访谈部分服刑人员.结果 服刑人员的年龄、文化程度与焦虑水平呈负相关,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);已服刑10～15...     

The relationship between the overcontrolled-hostility scale and the MMPI 4–3 high-point pair

Investigated the relationship between the MMPI 4–3 high-point pair and the Overcontrolled-Hostility (O-H) scale in three different populations. Ss were assigned to the 4–3 condition based on the following two criteria: (1) Scales 3 (HY ) and 4 (PD ) ≥ T-score of 65; (2) Scale 4 (PD ) > Scale 3 (HY ) ≥ all other clinical scales. In the prison sample (N = 200), inmates who achieved the 4–3 high-point pair were found to earn significantly higher scores on the O-H scale relative to a group of age-matched controls. These results were cross-validated successfully in a sample of psychology clinic outpatients (N = 500), where patients were matched on both age and sex. A similar relationship was found between the presence of a 4–3 high-point pair and higher scores on the O-H scale in a state hospital (N = 102) sample, although the results did not reach statistical significance because of the restricted sample size.     

中学生网络攻击行为与愤怒

目的:探讨中学生网络攻击行为与愤怒的关系。方法:选取12～19岁中学生349人,采用少年网络攻击行为评定量表、少年攻击性问卷和状态-特质愤怒表达量表修订版进行测评。结果:女生愤怒气质因子分高于男生[(2.0±0.7)vs.(1.9±0.7),P0.05]。高中生特质愤怒得分高于初中生[(2.1±0.6)vs.(1.9±0.6),P0.01];愤怒外部表达因子分高于初中生[(2.3±0.5)vs.(2.2±0.6),P0.01]。攻击行为与特质愤怒、愤怒表达各因子均呈显著的正相关(r=0.14～0.57,P0.05);现实攻击行为和网络工具性攻击行为与愤怒控制各因子呈显著的负相关(r=-0.19～-0.11,P0.05),网络反应性攻击行为与愤怒控制各因子相关均无统计学意义。多元逐步回归分析显示,愤怒反应、愤怒表达因子得分与攻击行为得分呈正相关(β=0.13～0.37,P0.05),控制外部表达因子与反应性攻击得分呈负相关(β=-0.01,P0.05)。对攻击行为的可解释变异率的范围为19.1%～35.7%。结论:中学生网络攻击行为可能与特质愤怒、愤怒表达相关。     

Psychopathy and electrodermal responses to nonsignal stimulation

Electrodermal activity was monitored while 64 prison inmates were presented with a random series of fast and slow rise-time tones ranging in intensity from 80 to 120dB. The inmates were divided into groups on the basis of global ratings of psychopathy and scores on the Socialization (So) scale. The group considered to be most psychopathic (high ratings of psychopathy and low So scores) gave smaller skin conductance responses than did the other groups, but only to the 120dB tones. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that psychopaths are electrodermally hyporesponsive to intense nonsignal stimuli. High ratings of psychopathy were associated with slow recovery of the skin conductance response, but only with the 120dB fast rise-time tones, and only in the left hand.