糖尿病并发症相关性氧化应激的实验研究

目的链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导大鼠1型糖尿病模型的基础上,探讨糖尿病氧化应激指标的变化。方法采用一次性腹腔注射STZ的方法,监测不同时点大鼠的空腹血糖、体质量及血浆中的丙二醛(MDA)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)等指标,并对结果进行统计学处理。结果大鼠注射STZ 72h后血糖值达到成模标准,并逐渐出现糖尿病表现,观察7周,始终满足成模标准,未见转复。DM组大鼠肾脏及肝脏肥大指数较CON组显著增加。氧化应激相关指标测定表明,较对照组相比,实验组大鼠血浆中脂质过氧化产物MDA水平显著升高,而SOD水平显著下降。结论本实验Ⅰ型糖尿病模型大鼠造模成功且模型稳定,氧化应激指标改变。     

葛根提取物抗糖尿病大鼠氧化应激的实验研究

目的:探讨葛根提取物防治糖尿病血管病变的机制.方法:采用链脲霉素腹腔注射制备糖尿病大鼠模型,以氨基胍作为阳性药物对照,以葛根总提取物和总黄酮为受试药物,测定各实验组大鼠血糖、超氧化物歧化酶、丙二醛、一氧化氮及一氧化氮合酶,观察葛根提取物对糖尿病大鼠的作用与影响.结果:与正常对照组相比,模型组血糖、血浆超氧化物歧化酶和丙二醛有显著差异(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);葛根总提取物、葛根总黄酮可降低糖尿病大鼠血糖,与模型组比较有显著差异(P＜0.05);氨基胍、葛根总提取物和葛根总黄酮可提高糖尿病大鼠血浆超氧化物歧化酶的活性,减少丙二醛的产生,与模型组比较有显著差异(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论:葛根提取物具有抗氧化应激的作用,可防治糖尿病血管病变的发生.     

葛根提取物抗糖尿病大鼠氧化应激的实验研究

目的:探讨葛根提取物防治糖尿病血管病变的机制.方法:采用链脲霉素腹腔注射制备糖尿病大鼠模型,以氨基胍作为阳性药物对照,以葛根总提取物和总黄酮为受试药物,测定各实验组大鼠血糖、超氧化物歧化酶、丙二醛、一氧化氮及一氧化氮合酶,观察葛根提取物对糖尿病大鼠的作用与影响.结果:与正常对照组相比,模型组血糖、血浆超氧化物歧化酶和丙二醛有显著差异(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);葛根总提取物、葛根总黄酮可降低糖尿病大鼠血糖,与模型组比较有显著差异(P＜0.05);氨基胍、葛根总提取物和葛根总黄酮可提高糖尿病大鼠血浆超氧化物歧化酶的活性,减少丙二醛的产生,与模型组比较有显著差异(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论:葛根提取物具有抗氧化应激的作用,可防治糖尿病血管病变的发生.     

姜黄素固体分散体对2型糖尿病大鼠氧化应激的影响

目的研究姜黄素固体分散体对2型糖尿病大鼠氧化应激的影响。方法以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）为载体制备姜黄素固体分散体。大鼠腹腔注射小剂量链脲佐菌素（STZ）建立2型糖尿病模型,随机分成糖尿病模型（MD）组、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）组、姜黄素（CU）组、姜黄素固体分散体低剂量（LSD）组、姜黄素固体分散体高剂量（HSD）组。大鼠给药6周后,测定血清及肾脏组织中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）的活力,丙二醛（MDA）的含量。结果与正常对照组比较,MD组大鼠超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活力显著降低,氧化应激增强;与MD组比较,姜黄素固体分散体组SOD、GSH-Px活力显著提高,MDA含量显著降低。结论姜黄素固体分散体可显著提高糖尿病大鼠的抗氧化能力,抑制氧化应激。     

姜黄素固体分散体对2型糖尿病大鼠氧化应激的影响

目的 研究姜黄素固体分散体对2型糖尿病大鼠氧化应激的影响。方法 以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为载体制备姜黄素固体分散体。大鼠腹腔注射小剂量链脲佐菌素(STZ)建立2型糖尿病模型,随机分成糖尿病模型(MD)组、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)组、姜黄素(CU)组、姜黄素固体分散体低剂量(LSD)组、姜黄素固体分散体高剂量(HSD)组。大鼠给药6周后,测定血清及肾脏组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活力,丙二醛(MDA)的含量。结果 与正常对照组比较,MD组大鼠超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活力显著降低,氧化应激增强;与MD组比较,姜黄素固体分散体组SOD、GSH-Px活力显著提高,MDA含量显著降低。结论 姜黄素固体分散体可显著提高糖尿病大鼠的抗氧化能力,抑制氧化应激。     

表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯治疗大鼠糖尿病肾病

目的观察表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯（EGCG）对糖尿病大鼠肾脏损害的治疗作用及其对糖尿病大鼠肾氧化应激的影响和血浆同型半胱氨酸（Hcy)含量的改变。方法采用链脲佐菌素（STZ）诱导大鼠糖尿病模型。糖尿病大鼠30只随机分为模型组、治疗组Ⅰ和治疗组Ⅱ，每组10只，同时选择正常大鼠10只作为正常对照组。大鼠糖尿病模型成型4周后，治疗组Ⅰ和治疗组Ⅱ分别给予EGCG溶液2.5 和5.0 mg·kg^-1·d^-1，正常对照组和模型组大鼠腹腔注射等量的0.1 mol·L^-1柠檬酸缓冲液，12周时收集24 h尿液，并尾部静脉取血，处死全部大鼠。检测生化指标、抗氧化指标及血浆Hcy含量变化。结果糖尿病大鼠12周时肾质量指数显著增加，肾脏的抗氧化能力显著降低且氧化应激增强，血浆Hcy的含量升高。经EGCG治疗后糖尿病大鼠肾质量指数降低，抗氧化能力和肾脏超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性提高，丙二醛(MDA)显著降低，血浆Hcy 的含量降低。结论EGCG可显著提高糖尿病大鼠肾脏的抗氧化能力和降低氧化应激，并降低血浆Hcy的含量，对糖尿病大鼠肾脏具有保护作用。     

缬沙坦对糖尿病肾病大鼠肾脏氧化应激的影响

目的观察缬沙坦干预治疗后糖尿病大鼠肾脏氧化应激的变化,探讨缬沙坦保护肾脏的部分机制。方法以链脲佐菌素建立糖尿病大鼠模型,缬沙坦干预治疗10周,观察大鼠糖代谢、肾功能及肾皮质内丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性。结果糖尿病大鼠糖化血红蛋白、血尿素氮、24h尿总蛋白、尿白蛋白定量(24h)、24h尿量、肾皮质MDA含量显著升高;肾皮质SOD活性显著降低。缬沙坦干预治疗组上述指标改善,差异有统计学意义。结论氧化应激参与了糖尿病肾病(DN)的发病过程,缬沙坦对DN的治疗作用部分是通过抗氧化实现的。     

黄连素对糖尿病肾损伤大鼠肾功能、氧化应激、肾脏醛糖还原酶的影响

目的观察黄连素对链脲佐菌素诱导的糖尿病肾损伤大鼠肾功能保护作用,并从抗氧化应激、抑制肾脏醛糖还原酶活性及其基因表达等方面探讨黄连素抗糖尿病大鼠肾损伤的作用机制。方法用腹腔注射链脲佐菌素方法复制糖尿病大鼠肾损伤模型。随机分为正常对照组、模型对照组、黄连素组,每组10只。黄连素经口灌胃200 mg.kg-1.d-1,每周给药6 d,共12 wk。比较各组大鼠血糖、肾脏肥大指数(肾重/体重)、尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Cr)、24h尿蛋白(UP24)等肾功能相关指标,比较各组血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、脂质过氧化代谢产物丙二醛(MDA)含量、肾组织醛糖还原酶(AR)活性及其基因表达的改变。结果模型组大鼠血糖维持在较高水平、肾脏肥大指数、BUN、Cr、UP24等较正常组明显升高(P<0.05),血清SOD活性低下,MDA含量增加(P<0.05),肾脏AR活性与其基因表达明显升高(P<0.05)。黄连素组与模型组相比,能明显降低血糖、有效控制体重下降、明显改善肾脏肥大指数、BUN、Cr、UP24等指标(P<0.05),血清SOD活性增强,同时MDA含量减少(P<0.05),肾脏AR活性降低及AR mRNA水平下调(P<0.05)。结论对糖尿病肾损伤大鼠,黄连素在调节血糖的同时,可能通过提高机体抗氧化能力、减少肾脏AR活性与基因表达以抑制多元醇通路的激活发挥其肾功能的保护作用。     

枸杞多糖对糖尿病大鼠肾脏氧化应激的影响

目的研究枸杞多糖(LBP)对糖尿病大鼠肾脏氧化应激的影响.方法制备高脂高糖+小剂量链脲佐菌素诱导的2型糖尿病大鼠模型.将大鼠分为正常对照组,单纯糖尿病组,小剂量枸杞多糖干预组(250 mg·kg-1·d-1),大剂量枸杞多糖干预组(1 000 mg·kg1·d-1).观察糖尿病大鼠成型各阶段肾脏的氧化应激状态,枸杞多糖干预后的糖尿病大鼠肾脏氧化应激状态,肾功能改变及抗氧化指标的相关性因素分析.结果糖尿病大鼠在高脂高糖喂养阶段已出现肾脏SOD降低,成型12周时SOD降低,MDA升高,SOD/MDA降低更明显,与正常对照组比较差异有显著性.小剂量枸杞多糖干预使糖尿病大鼠肾脏SOD升高,MDA降低,SOD/MDA升高,并能使肾功能明显好转.肾脏抗氧化能力与血糖、三酰甘油、胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白、尿素氮、肌苷、尿微量白蛋白、肾肥大指数呈显著负相关.结论氧化应激参与糖尿病肾病的发生发展,枸杞多糖能够改善糖尿病大鼠肾脏的氧化应激状态,延缓糖尿病肾病发生.     

氨基胍对糖尿病大鼠非酶糖化和细胞凋亡的影响

目的观察氨基胍对2型糖尿病大鼠肾脏晚期糖基化终末产物（AGEs）和细胞凋亡的影响。方法利用高糖高脂饮食及注射小剂量的链脲佐菌素（STZ）建立2型糖尿病大鼠模型,随机分为糖尿病组、氨基胍组,并设对照组,分别于16周观察大鼠肾脏形态结构、肾脏凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2和Bax表达和肾皮质AGEs含量。结果电镜下见糖尿病组肾脏小管上皮细胞呈典型的凋亡改变,氨基胍组细胞凋亡明显减轻。免疫组化显示,糖尿病组肾小管上皮细胞中Bcl-2、Bax表达较对照组增多,氨基胍组Bcl-2蛋白表达较糖尿病组增多,Bax蛋白表达减少。氨基胍组大鼠肾皮质AGEs含量较糖尿病组明显减少。结论氨基胍可通过降低糖尿病肾皮质AGEs含量调节凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2和Bax的表达,抑制肾脏细胞凋亡。     

Prevention of early liver injury by breviscapine in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of breviscapine extracted from the Chinese herb Erigeron breviscapus on liver injury in diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin. Treatment with breviscapine significantly reduced liver weight, liver lipid level, fatty liver and liver fibrosis score in diabetic rats. Treatment with breviscapine also significantly decreased lipid peroxidation malondiadehyde levels and increased the activities of antioxidative enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in diabetic liver. Immunohistochemical observations revealed that macrophage (ED-1-positive cells) infiltration in diabetic liver was inhibited by treatment with breviscapine. Western blot analysis showed that the expression of transforming growth factor-beta1 in diabetic liver was lowered by breviscapine treatment. In conclusion, our results indicate that breviscapine has potential as a treatment for diabetic liver injury through attenuating liver lipid accumulation and oxidative stress.     

褪黑素对实验性糖尿病肾脏氧化应激的影响

［摘要］目的观察褪黑素对糖尿病大鼠肾脏氧化应激和过氧亚硝基阴离子（ONOO–）特异性标志物硝基酪氨酸（NT）表达的影响。方法实验动物分为糖尿病肾病组（DN组）、糖尿病褪黑素处理组（DM组）、正常对照组（NC组），8周后比较各组体重、血糖、血胆固醇、三酰甘油及肾脏丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH Px）含量，免疫组化观察各组大鼠肾组织中NT的表达。结果和DN组比较，DM组大鼠血胆固醇、三酰甘油及肾脏MDA水平显著降低（P＜0.05），抗氧化酶SOD、GSH Px活性升高（P＜0.05），NT表达明显降低。结论褪黑素可显著提高糖尿病大鼠肾脏的抗氧化能力和降低氧化应激，对糖尿病大鼠肾脏具有保护作用。     

氧化应激在糖尿病肾病中的意义及吡格列酮干预研究

目的观察糖尿病大鼠肾脏组织中氧化应激水平,探讨氧化应激在糖尿病肾病中的作用及吡格列酮干预效果。方法采用链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导糖尿病模型。24只大鼠随机分为正常对照组(NC组)、糖尿病组(DM组)、吡格列酮干预组(3mg·kg-1.d-1,DT组),每组8只。12周末,测定各组相关生化指标。运用比色法检测肾皮质中丙二醛(MDA)的含量、铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(Cu-ZnSOD)及过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性。结果与NC组相比,DM组和DT组血糖、胆固醇、甘油三酯、尿素氮、血肌酐、肾质量/体质量和尿蛋白定量(24h)值差异有统计学意义。DM组与NC组比较,肾皮质Cu-ZnSOD、CAT活性明显降低(P<0.01),MDA含量明显增加(P<0.01)。DT组与DM组比较,血糖、胆固醇、甘油三酯、尿素氮、血肌酐值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),肾质量/体质量和尿蛋白定量(24h)明显降低(P<0.05);肾皮质CAT和Cu-ZnSOD活性增加(P<0.05),肾皮质MDA含量降低(P<0.05)。结论糖尿病大鼠肾脏组织中氧化应激水平升高,在糖尿病肾病发病机制中起重要作用。吡格列酮可能通过抗氧化作用改善糖尿病大鼠肾脏损害。     

黑米花色素苷对大鼠组织器官功能的影响

目的探讨黑米花色素苷(BA)对大鼠组织器官功能的调节作用。方法雌性SD大鼠24只,随机分为对照组和BA低、中、高剂量组四组。对照组给生理盐水,BA低、中、高剂量分别给予BA 25,50,100 mg/kg,连续30 d。处死大鼠后,称胸腺、脾、肝和肾湿重,并计算其湿重指数;测定胸腺、脾、肝和肾中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH),超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和丙二醛(MDA)的活力。结果 BA组大鼠组织器官的湿重增加(胸腺、肝),LDH(脾、肝、肾),ACP(胸腺、脾、肝、肾),GSH(脾、肝、肾)和SOD(胸腺、脾、肝)水平显著上升,而MDA(肝、肾)的水平下降。结论 BA对大鼠组织器官免疫功能有重要调节作用,且有一定的抗氧化作用。     

yy大黄酸对糖尿病大鼠肾脏还原型辅酶Ⅱ基因表达的影响

目的 观察大黄酸对糖尿病大鼠肾脏氧化应激的影响.方法链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导的糖尿病肾病大鼠模型随机分为模型组与治疗组,治疗6周后,比较各组大鼠肾组织中丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,同时检测各组大鼠血糖、血肌酐、尿素氮、24 h尿蛋白定量等.采用逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法检测p22phox及p47phox的表达.结果治疗组较模型组明显改善尿清蛋白、尿素氮水平和肾脏肥大指数.肾脏MDA含量明显下降(P<0.05),SOD活性显著上升(P<0.05).与对照组比较,模型组p47phox和p22phox mRNA表达明显增多,大黄酸干预使其表达明显降低.结论大黄酸对2型糖尿病肾脏病变有一定的保护作用,其机制可能是通过抑制氧化应激反应,下调糖尿病大鼠p22phox及p47phox的表达对2型糖尿病模型大鼠肾脏产生保护作用.     

Protective effect of boldine on oxidative mitochondrial damage in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Increased oxidative stress has been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis and progression of diabetic tissue damage. Several antioxidants have been described as beneficial for oxidative stress-associated diseases. Boldine ([s]-2,9-dihydroxy-1, 10-dimethoxyaporphine) is a major alkaloid found in the leaves and bark of boldo (Peumus boldus Molina), and has been shown to possess antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory effects. From this point of view, the possible anti-diabetic effect of boldine and its mechanism were evaluated. The experiments were performed on male rats divided into four groups: control, boldine (100 mg kg(-1), daily in drinking water), diabetic [single dose of 80 mg kg(-1)of streptozotocin (STZ), i.p.] and diabetic simultaneously fed with boldine for 8 weeks. Diabetic status was evaluated periodically with changes of plasma glucose levels and body weight in rats. The effect of boldine on the STZ-induced diabetic rats was examined with the formation of malondialdehydes and carbonyls and the activities of endogenous antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) in mitochondria of the pancreas, kidney and liver. The scavenging action of boldine on oxygen free radicals and the effect on mitochondrial free-radical production were also investigated. The treatment of boldine attenuated the development of hyperglycemia and weight loss induced by STZ injection in rats. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and carbonyls in liver, kidney and pancreas mitochondria were significantly increased in STZ-treated rats and decreased after boldine administration. The activities of mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) in the liver, pancreas and kidney were significantly elevated in STZ-treated rats. Boldine administration decreased STZ-induced elevation of MnSOD activity in kidney and pancreas mitochondria, but not in liver mitochondria. In the STZ-treated group, glutathione peroxidase activities decreased in liver mitochondria, and were elevated in pancreas and kidney mitochondria. The boldine treatment restored the altered enzyme activities in the liver and pancreas, but not the kidney. Boldine attenuated both STZ- and iron plus ascorbate-induced MDA and carbonyl formation and thiol oxidation in the pancreas homogenates. Boldine decomposed superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxides and hydroxyl radicals in a dose-dependent manner. The alkaloid significantly attenuated the production of superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide caused by liver mitochondria. The results indicate that boldine may exert an inhibitory effect on STZ-induced oxidative tissue damage and altered antioxidant enzyme activity by the decomposition of reactive oxygen species and inhibition of nitric oxide production and by the reduction of the peroxidation-induced product formation. Boldine may attenuate the development of STZ-induced diabetes in rats and interfere with the role of oxidative stress, one of the pathogeneses of diabetes mellitus.     

吡格列酮对STZ糖尿病大鼠肾组织氧化应激的影响

目的观察不同剂量盐酸吡格列酮对STZ诱导的糖尿病大鼠肾组织氧化应激的影响。方法 STZ腹腔注射建立糖尿病大鼠模型。成模糖尿病大鼠随机分为模型组和不同剂量吡格列酮组,并设正常对照组,干预8周后检测肾皮质MDA含量,SOD活性,肾组织NADPH氧化酶亚单位p22phoxmRNA和p47phox mRNA表达。结果各吡格列酮组较模型组MDA含量,p22phox mRNA和p47phox mRNA表达明显降低,SOD活性明显升高(P<0.05)。结论吡格列酮可抑制STZ糖尿病大鼠肾脏NADPH氧化酶表达,降低肾脏氧化应激水平,并具有一定的剂量依赖性,该作用可能与其肾脏保护部分有关。     

Resveratrol, a polyphenolic phytoalexin, attenuates diabetic nephropathy in rats

Diabetic nephropathy is a serious microvascular complication and one of the main causes of end-stage renal disease. Various studies have revealed that increased oxidative stress is a major pathophysiological mechanism which is involved in the etiology of diabetic nephropathy. Resveratrol, a polyphenolic phytoalexin present in red wine, is known to possess potent antioxidant properties and thus we aimed to examine its effect on renal function and oxidative stress in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (65 mg/kg) in rats. After 4 weeks of STZ injection, rats were divided into four groups: the control rats, diabetic rats and diabetic rats treated with resveratrol (5 and 10 mg/kg, orally) respectively from week 4 up till week 6. At the termination of the experiments, urine albumin excretion, urine output, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and urea clearance were measured. The levels of the renal oxidative stress markers malonaldehyde and glutathione and the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase were measured in kidney homogenate. STZ-injected rats showed significant increases in blood glucose, polyuria, proteinuria and a decrease in body weight compared with age-matched control rats. After 6 weeks, diabetic rats exhibited renal dysfunction, as evidenced by reduced creatinine and urea clearance, and proteinuria along with a marked increase in oxidative stress, as determined by lipid peroxidation and activities of key antioxidant enzymes. Treatment with resveratrol significantly attenuated renal dysfunction and oxidative stress in diabetic rats. The present study reinforces the important role of oxidative stress in diabetic kidney and points towards the possible antioxidative mechanism being responsible for the renoprotective action of resveratrol.