九气拈痛丸治疗气滞血瘀型胃脘痛的临床研究

目的 观察具有理气活血的作用九气拈痛丸治疗气滞血瘀型胃脘痛的临床疗效。方法 根据中医辨证论治的原则，采用药典方九气拈痛丸，将丸剂改为胶囊观察治疗１００例胃脘痛患者，除采用自身前后对照外，还选用两种不同剂型进行疗效比较。结果 总有效率达９３％（Ｐ〈０．０５），主症总积分值及差值比较有极显著怀差异（Ｐ〈０．０１）。结论 以方法治疗气滞血瘀型胃脘痛能取得较满意的疗效。     

大黄虫丸治疗慢活肝、肝硬化34例临床观察

采用以中药大黄虫丸为主的中西药结合法治疗３４例慢活肝、肝硬化者（治疗组），并与对照组进行比较。结果表明：治疗组总有效率９０％，对照组总有效率５７．１％，两者比较差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５），提示在综合对症治疗病毒性肝炎基础上采用以大黄虫丸为主的中西医结合治疗能引起一定的协同作用．可提高临床疗效．     

灭HP散治疗幽门螺杆菌感染慢性胃病的研究

目的：观察灭ＨＰ散治疗幽门螺杆菌（ＨＰ）感染慢性胃病的疗效。方法：用灭ＨＰ散治疗１００ 例ＨＰ感染的慢性胃病患者,并与西药组１００ 例进行疗效对照。结果：治疗组ＨＰ根除率为９３．０％ ,对照组为７４．０％ （ Ｐ＜０．０５）,两组临床症状及胃镜下观察结果无显著性差异;治疗组湿热型总有效率（１００％ ）明显优于对照组（６７．２％ ）,有极显著性差异（Ｐ＜ ０．０１）。结论：灭ＨＰ散具有明显根除ＨＰ感染的作用,且对湿热型慢性胃病疗效最佳     

溃结康泰治疗溃疡性结肠炎的临床研究

目的：观察溃结康泰治疗溃疡性结肠炎的临床疗效。方法：对纤维结肠镜检查确诊的溃疡性结肠炎６４例应用溃结康泰治疗,５６ 例应用柳氮磺胺吡啶加甲硝唑治疗,并进行疗效对照观察。结果：溃结康泰组近期治愈率、总有效率分别为６４．０６％ 、９３．７４％ ;对照组分别为４１．０７％ 、８０．３５％ ,两组间近期治愈率、总有效率比较有极显著性差异（Ｐ＜ ０．０１）。随访２～４ 年,溃结康泰组复发率为１８．１８％ （６／３３）,对照组为５３．３０％ （１６／３０）,两组远期疗效比较有极显著性差异（Ｐ＜ ０．０１）。结论：溃结康泰治疗溃疡性结肠炎疗效可靠且副作用少。     

骨痹丸对氟骨症山羊骨氟血尿氟及羟脯氨酸的影响

应用中药骨痹丸治疗一组氟骨症山羊，观察其对病羊肋骨、血、尿、粪氟及血、尿羟脯氨酸（ＨＯＰ）含量的影响。结果与治疗前比较，尿、粪氟排泄量明显增加（Ｐ＜０．００１，Ｐ＜０．０５），血、尿ＨＯＰ含量显著降低（Ｐ＜０．００１），治疗与对照组比较差异显著。表明骨痹丸有促进骨氟释放入血由尿排出，迅速减少骨氟的蓄积，从而达到纠正胶原代谢紊乱之功效。     

健脾止泻散治疗小儿慢性腹泻临床观察

目的：观察自拟健脾止泻散治疗小儿慢性腹泻的临床疗效。方法：选择超过２个月的慢性腹泻患儿６６例,采用自拟健脾止泻散治疗,并与服用吡呱酸、参苓白术丸治疗的对照组进行比较。结果：健脾止泻散对脾肾虚证及伤食证疗效均为１００％ ,总有效率达９５．４５％ ,与对照组比较,疗效明显优于对照组（Ｐ＜ ０．０１）。结论：健脾止泻散治疗小儿慢性腹泻效果明显,且制作简单,服用方便,无副作用,易于临床推广。     

环磷酸腺苷葡甲胺注射液治疗充血性心力衰竭的多中心临床研究报告

目的：评估环磷酸腺苷葡甲胺（心先安）注射液（ＭＣＡ）治疗充血性心力衰竭（ＣＨＦ）的疗效及安全性。方法：采用多中心随机分组安慰剂对照临床试验方法,选择ＣＨＦ心功能Ⅲ～Ⅳ级住院患者。心先安注射液治疗组（ｎ＝６４２例）与安慰剂对照组（ｎ＝６０９例）患者两组基础临床特征有可比性。治疗前后分别进行临床症状、体征计分和心功能分级、心功能指标及心电图测定,观察疗效和记录有无副作用。结果：治疗１周后,治疗组临床总有效率９１．１％,对照组总有效率７０．８％（Ｐ＜０．００１）;按心功能指标评定的总有效率,治疗组为８２．１％,对照组为１４．０％（Ｐ＜０．００１）;按心电图改善程度评定的总有效率,治疗组为５１．１％,对照组为９．０％（Ｐ＜０．００１）。治疗组在用药过程中未见毒副作用。结论：心先安注射液是治疗充血性心力衰竭患者安全有效的新型药物,明显优于对照组,建议推广应用。     

阿尼西坦治疗脑梗塞记忆障碍的疗效观察及对脑电图影响

应用阿尼西坦对４４例脑梗塞恢复期记忆障碍病人进行了临床治疗并观察了对脑电图的影响。结果发现：总有效率达７２．７２％，明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５），治疗后记忆商（ＭＱ）升高，与治疗前和对照组比较差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．００１），治疗后脑电图鼻常率下降２６．２１％（Ｐ＜０．０５）。提示阿尼西坦具有改善记忆和脑电图的作用     

中药三甲益肝冲剂预防鼠肝纤维化

目的探讨中药三甲益肝冲剂对大鼠肝纤维化的预防作用．方法以四氯化碳造成大鼠肝纤维化模型，造模同时以三甲益肝冲剂（冲剂组）灌胃，观察其对大鼠肝纤维化的预防作用，并与促肝细胞生长素（ｐＨＧＦ）组和大黄庶虫虫丸预防组（虫丸组）比较．血清肝纤维化指标———透明质酸（ＨＡ）、Ⅳ型胶原（ⅣＣ）和层粘连蛋白（ＬＮ）用ＲＩＡ法测定，并作肝组织病理学检查．统计学处理分别采用方差分析和秩和检验．结果与模型组相比，冲剂组大鼠血清ＡＬＴ，ＡＳＴ，Ｇｌｂ，ＨＡ，ⅣＣ及ＬＮ均明显降低（Ｐ＜００１），肝纤维化程度降低（Ｐ＜００１）．与虫丸组相比，冲剂组大鼠血清ＨＡ及ＬＮ明显较低（Ｐ＜００５），倍量冲剂组ＡＬＴ降低（Ｐ＜００５）和ＨＡ，ＬＮ降低（Ｐ＜００１）有明显差异．结论三甲益肝冲剂对大鼠实验性肝纤维化有明显预防作用，其效果优于大黄庶虫虫丸．     

青蒿鳖甲汤与大黄Zhe虫丸抗肝纤维化疗效比较

目的：观察温病经典方剂青蒿鳖甲汤抗慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化的作用。寻找抗肝纤维化的有效方剂。方法：选择慢性乙肝炎肝纤维化患者143例，随机分为青蒿鳖甲汤治疗组75例和大黄Zhe虫丸对照组68例，进行疗程相同的对照治疗，观察项目为血清透明质酸（HA），Ⅲ型前胶原（PCⅢ），层粘蛋白（LN），Ⅳ型胶原（Ⅳ－C）。结果：治疗组HA，PCⅢ，LN，Ⅳ－C均有明显下降，两组比较有显著性差异（P＜0．01）。在中医辨证施治方面。治疗组对各证型的肝纤维化均有显著疗效（P＜0．01），而对照组较适合于气滞血瘀型的肝纤维化患者。结论：青蒿鳖甲汤联合辨证用药的抗纤维化作用比大黄Zhe虫丸疗效更好，是一种抗肝纤维化较好的治疗方法。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.