苦碟子注射液的抗肿瘤作用

目的探讨苦碟子注射液(Kudiezi injection,KDI)抗肿瘤作用。方法体内实验分别采用小鼠肝癌H22、肉瘤S180和Lewis肺癌荷瘤小鼠模型,造模次日小鼠连续7 d给予苦碟子注射液,每天1次。剂量分别为5、10、20g.kg-1。第8天记录每组每只小鼠体质量和瘤质量,计算每组平均体质量和抑瘤率;体外实验采用四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)法测人宫颈癌Hela细胞或肝癌HepG-2细胞增殖抑制率;升白实验采用肝癌H22荷瘤小鼠模型,造模次日小鼠连续7 d给予苦碟子注射液,每天1次。剂量分别为5、10、20g.kg-1。第8天记录每组每只小鼠外周血中白细胞数量。结果苦碟子注射液(5、10、20g.kg-1)对3种荷瘤小鼠肿瘤增长有非常显著的抑制作用(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001),同时显著升高肝癌H22小鼠外周血白细胞数量(P<0.05);在体外,苦碟子注射液(12.5~200g.L-1)对人宫颈癌Hela细胞或肝癌HepG-2细胞增殖有非常显著的抑制作用。结论苦碟子注射液体内体外均有抗肿瘤活性,在体内抑瘤的同时能显著升高肝癌H22小鼠外周血白细胞数量。     

参麦注射液的抗肿瘤作用研究

目的 研究参麦注射液体内外抗肿瘤作用.方法 以小鼠肉瘤S180、肝癌H22、Lewis肺癌实体瘤模型考察参麦注射液的体内抑瘤作用;通过MTT法考察参麦注射液体外对人宫颈癌HeLa细胞和人肝癌HepG 2细胞的增殖抑制作用.结果 参麦注射液在体内对小鼠肉瘤S180、肝癌H22、Lewis肺癌均有显著的抑制作用,且呈剂量相关性,中、高剂量抑瘤率可达35％以上;体外对人宫颈癌HeLa细胞和人肝癌HepG 2细胞亦有增殖抑制作用,且呈浓度-时间相关性,48 h的IC50值分别为0.36、0.72 g/mL,72h的IC50值分别为0.21、0.29 g/mL.结论 参麦注射液体内外均有显著的抗肿瘤活性.     

单子叶植物内生菌多糖抗肿瘤活性的研究

目的:研究单子叶植物内生菌多糖抗肿瘤活性。方法:用单子叶植物内生菌多糖对S-180和H22肝癌荷瘤小鼠进行体内和体外抑瘤实验,单子叶植物内生菌多糖对S-180荷瘤小鼠细胞分裂指数实验。结果:单子叶植物内生菌多糖对小鼠S-180实体瘤和H22小鼠肝癌具有抑制作用(P<0.001);单子叶植物内生菌多糖可干扰肿瘤细胞的细胞周期,抑制其分裂。结论:单子叶植物内生菌多糖具有一定的抗肿瘤活性。     

艾迪粉针剂的抗肿瘤作用

目的通过体内外抗肿瘤实验观察艾迪粉针剂的抗肿瘤作用。方法抗肿瘤体内实验:建立小鼠移植性肉瘤S180和小鼠肝癌H22的实体瘤模型,艾迪粉针剂对小鼠尾静脉给药,连续处理7 d,第8天剥离瘤块称质量,计算抑瘤率,与化疗药合并用药考察减毒增效作用;建立小鼠L1210白血病模型,阳性对照组为顺铂,考察生命延长率。体外实验:常规传代培养人肝癌BEL7402、人宫颈癌HeLa细胞、人黑色素瘤A375 S2细胞、人胃癌SGC 7901和小鼠纤维肉瘤L929细胞,用MTT法检测活细胞数和生长抑制率。结果艾迪粉针剂连续7 d每日1次静脉注射对小鼠肉瘤S180和小鼠肝癌H22具有明显的抑瘤作用,本品与化疗药合并用药有增效作用;艾迪粉针剂体外对多种人肿瘤细胞具有体外抗肿瘤活性,且具有较低的IC50值。结论艾迪粉针剂具有体内和体外抗肿瘤活性。     

氯化两面针碱体外和体内的抗肿瘤作用

目的观察氯化两面针碱(NC)的抗肿瘤作用。方法采用MTT法观察NC体外对肿瘤细胞存活的影响。移植性S180肉瘤模型小鼠,ip给予NC,每天1次,共10d,测瘤重,计算抑瘤率,并在电镜下观察移植瘤细胞的超微结构。腹水型H22肝癌模型小鼠,sc给予NC,每天1次,共10d,观察小鼠的存活时间,计算生命延长率。结果体外给予NC0.625,1.25,2.5,5.0和10.0mg·L-1可浓度依赖性地降低人鼻咽癌细胞CNE1、人肺癌细胞SPC-A-1和人乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231等9种肿瘤细胞的存活率,作用48h平均IC50为(3.33±0.28)mg·L-1。体内给予NC2.5,5.0和10.0mg·kg-1对小鼠S180肉瘤的抑瘤率分别为1.95%,27.3%和42.9%,对腹水型H22肝癌小鼠的生命延长率分别为35.7%,71.4%和85.7%。电镜下可见NC10.0mg·kg-1组S180移植瘤细胞核染色质浓缩并边缘化,核碎裂,胞浆空泡化明显。结论NC体内外应用均具有明显的抗肿瘤作用。     

蟾酥脂质体注射液的抗肿瘤作用

目的探讨蟾酥脂质体注射液(CS)的抗肿瘤作用。方法体内实验采用小鼠肝癌H22、肉瘤S180荷瘤小鼠模型,考察CS的抑瘤作用;采用小鼠接种肝癌H22后,用环磷酰胺造成免疫低下模型,考察CS提高机体免疫力作用。体外实验采用MTT法,测CS对人宫颈癌HeLa细胞或人肝癌BEL-7402细胞增殖抑制率。结果CS(0.2、0.4、0.8 mg.kg-1)对2种荷瘤小鼠肿瘤增长有显著或非常显著的抑制作用(P<0.05,P<0.01);同时对机体具有明显的免疫调节作用。CS 0.01~3.00 mg.L-1对人宫颈癌HeLa细胞或肝癌BEL-7402细胞增殖有非常显著的抑制作用;CS对人宫颈癌HeLa细胞IC50为0.51 mg.L-1,95%可信限0.213 2~1.214 0 mg.L-1,CS对人肝癌BEL-7402细胞IC50为0.75 mg.L-1,95%可信限0.312 6~1.801 5 mg.L-1。结论蟾酥脂质体注射液体内、体外均有抗肿瘤活性,且具有免疫调节功能。     

黄连解毒汤体内外抗肿瘤作用的实验研究

目的：观察黄连解毒汤的体内、体外抗肿瘤作用。 方法：采用小鼠肉瘤S180和小鼠前胃癌MFC等移植性肿瘤模型进行体内实验,通过检测抑瘤率、胸腺指数、脾脏指数等指标观察黄连解毒汤的体内抑瘤作用及对免疫器官的影响。并用MTT方法检测黄连解毒汤对小鼠S180、小鼠MFC、人胃癌SGC-7901、人肝癌SMMC-7721等4种瘤株的抑制作用。结果：黄连解毒汤大、中剂量组中对S180荷瘤小鼠有抑制作用,大剂量组对MFC荷瘤小鼠有抑制作用,抑瘤率分别为48.38%、33.77%、30.74%;对S180、MFC、SGC-7901和SMMC-7721细胞均有一定的细胞毒作用, IC50分别为99.73 mg?L-1、84.47 mg?L-1、153.32 mg?L-1和102.87 mg?L-1。结论：黄连解毒汤体内对S180、MFC小鼠移植瘤有一定的抗肿瘤活性,体外对4种肿瘤细胞也具有抑制作用。     

苦马豆素对肝癌细胞在体内外生长的抑制作用

目的研究苦马豆素(Sw)对肝癌细胞在体内外生长的抑制作用。方法采用体外抑瘤试验培养人源性肝癌HHCC细胞的方法,通过MTT法等试验测定其体外抑癌浓度;体内试验采用小鼠的鼠源性肝癌H22移植瘤法,通过对抑瘤率及病理切片的观测,探讨其抑瘤作用。结果3.84μg.ml-1的Sw体外作用72 h后,HHCC细胞的存活率明显下降(P<0.05),其24 h的IC50为0.4μg.ml-1;SW在3、61、2 mg.kg-1时,对肝癌H22实体移植瘤的抑制率分别为13.2%、28.9%、27.3%;对腹水型H22的小鼠生命延长率分别为48.40%、64.16%、58.22%,病理切片显示,用药后肿瘤组织明显出血、坏死和炎症细胞浸润。结论苦马豆素对人源性和鼠源性肝癌生长都有一定的抑制作用。     

盐酸小檗碱对小鼠移植性肿瘤的抑制作用

目的 研究盐酸小檗碱的体内抗肿瘤活性.方法 应用移植性实体瘤H22,宫颈癌U14,肉瘤S180荷瘤小鼠作为动物模型,腹腔给药观察小鼠生长情况,并计算抑瘤率.结果 盐酸小檗碱10,20,25 mg/kg剂量对肝癌H22的抑制率分别为25.82%,36.81%和40.66%;盐酸小檗碱10,20 mg/kg剂量对宫颈癌U14抑制率分别为37.80%和59.90%;盐酸小檗碱15,20 mg/kg剂量对肉瘤S180的抑制率分别为30.85%和39.80%.结论 盐酸小檗碱可抑制肝癌H22、宫颈癌U14、肉瘤S180在小鼠体内的生长.     

吲哚美辛5-氟尿嘧啶甲酯的合成及抗肿瘤活性

目的合成吲哚美辛5-氟尿嘧啶甲酯,并对其体内外抗肿瘤活性进行评价。方法以5-氟尿嘧啶及吲哚美辛为主要原料,经2步反应合成目标化合物。应用Hela、HT1080、kB、Heps及Bel-7 402等5种肿瘤细胞系对吲哚美辛5-氟尿嘧啶甲酯体外抗肿瘤活性进行评价;选用小鼠肉瘤S180瘤株、肝癌H22瘤株和Lewis肺癌实体瘤3种瘤株为指标,对吲哚美辛5-氟尿嘧啶甲酯的体内抑瘤活性进行考察。结果经熔点测定及1H-NMR、MS及IR确证目标产物结构,产品收率为66%;吲哚美辛5-氟尿嘧啶甲酯的体外抗肿瘤作用很弱,但对于小鼠S180、H22及Lewis 3种实体瘤的抑制作用与5-氟尿嘧啶相近。结论吲哚美辛5-氟尿嘧啶甲酯为5-氟尿嘧啶的前体药物。     

Role of glutathione in reduction of arsenate and of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase in disposition of arsenite in rats

Arsenate (AsV), the environmentally prevalent form of arsenic, is converted sequentially in the body to arsenite (AsIII), monomethylarsonic acid (MMAsV), monomethylarsonous acid (MMAsIII), and dimethylarsinic acid (DMAsV) and some trimethylated metabolites. Although the biliary excretion of arsenic in rats is known to be glutathione (GSH)-dependent, involving transport of arsenic-GSH conjugates, the role of GSH in the reduction of AsV to the more toxic AsIII in vivo has not been defined. Therefore, we studied how the fate of AsV is influenced by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), which depletes GSH in tissues. Control and BSO-treated rats were given AsV (50 micromol/kg, i.v.) and arsenic metabolites in bile, urine, blood and tissues were analysed by HPLC-HG-AFS. BSO increased retention of AsV in blood and tissues and decreased appearance of AsIII in blood, bile (by 96%) and urine (by 63%). The biliary excretion of MMAsIII was also nearly abolished, the appearance of MMAsIII and MMAsV in the blood was delayed and the renal concentrations of these monomethylated arsenicals were decreased by BSO. Interestingly, appearance of DMAsV in blood and urine remained unchanged and the concentrations of this metabolite in the kidneys and muscle were even increased in response to BSO. To test the role of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) in arsenic disposition, the effect of the of the GGT inhibitor acivicin was investigated in rats injected with AsIII (50 micromol/kg, i.v.). Acivicin lowered the hepatic and renal GGT activities and increased the biliary as well as urinary excretion of GSH, but failed to alter the disposition (i.e. blood and tissue concentrations, biliary and urinary excretion) of AsIII and its metabolites. In conclusion, shortage of GSH decreases not only the hepatobiliary transport of arsenic, but also reduction of AsV and the formation of monomethylated arsenic, while not hindering the production of dimethylated arsenic. While GSH plays an important role in the disposition and toxicity of arsenic, GGT, which hydrolyses GSH and GSH conjugates, apparently does not influence the fate of the GSH-reactive trivalent arsenicals in rats.     

微透析取样技术在中药体内分析中的应用研究进展

本文综述了微透析取样技术在中药体内分析中的应用,介绍微透析取样技术的原理、组成、探针类型、特点,重点阐述了微透析取样技术在测定脑、血液、皮肤等组织器官中中药有效成分浓度的应用实例。表明微透析取样技术在中药药效研究中具有广阔的前景。     

应用PASS系统分析我院2010年住院医嘱

目的:了解我院2010年住院患者的合理用药情况,探讨如何利用合理用药监测系统( PASS)提高合理用药水平.方法:利用PASS对我院2010年15 966例住院患者的1 184 997条用药医嘱进行监测,以黑色警示医嘱为依据,收集不合理用药信息,并对监测结果进行统计、分析.结果:不合理用药医嘱50 261条,发生率为4.24％.绝对禁止黑色医嘱5441条,主要为药物相互作用(66.54％)、注射液体外配伍(17.86％)、用法用量(15.46％)、儿童警告(1.14％).结论:应用PASS系统能有效监测医嘱中的不合理用药情况,有利于提高临床合理用药水平,但PASS系统尚存在局限性,有待进一步完善.     

Changes in levels of dependency and predictors of mortality in elderly people in institutional care in Dunedin

The 1983 study of dependency of subjects in institutional care in Dunedin was repeated two years later. A significant increase in levels of dependency in residential homes, particularly in the Religious and Welfare sector was found. In 1983 there were 29 high dependency residents and 73 medium dependency residents in residential homes. In 1985 these numbers had increased to 55 and 86 respectively. There was no change in the number of low dependency residents. In 1983, 6 high dependency residents had been admitted to residential home care in the year prior to the study. In 1985 the number of high dependency residents recently admitted had increased to 23. There had also been a significant increase in the dependency of patients in Religious and Welfare continuing care hospitals. Of the 933 subjects in institutional care in 1983 who were able to be followed, 354 (37.9%) died in the following 2 years. Mortality rate was higher for those in hospital care (48.1%) than for those in residential home care (29.6%). Mortality rates were higher in more dependent subjects and this was evident for each measure of dependency.     

应用PASS系统对我院2008年住院医嘱的分析

目的监测分析2008年我院住院患者用药情况。方法将PASS系统嵌入医生工作站、临床药学工作站等子系统,构建合理用药计算机网络系统,对住院医嘱进行及时监测,将监测结果向医生反馈,并对其进行统计、分析。结果2008年共监测医嘱3 620 241条,不合理医嘱908条,占0.02%。不合理医嘱中,配伍禁忌(381条)占41.96%,用法用量(381条)占41.96%,药物相互作用(108条)占11.89%,儿童用药(38条)占4.19%。经与医生沟通后,更改不合理医嘱856条,占94.27%。结论PASS系统可有效监测医嘱中的不合理用药,通过与医生交流,大大减少药物不良事件的发生,值得临床推广应用,也为临床药师开展工作带来了极大的便利。但PASS系统尚存在局限性,有待进一步完善。     

Role of desacetylation in the detoxification of cephalothin in renal cells in culture

The toxicity of three cephalosporin antibiotics to rabbit kidney cells in culture was compared to their known nephrotoxic potential in vivo (cephaloridine greater than cefazolin greater than cephalothin). While cephalothin is considered to be a relatively nonnephrotoxic cephalosporin when administered to many species including humans and rabbits, in several in vitro systems involving rabbit renal tissue, cephalothin was comparatively more toxic than anticipated based on in vivo data. Cephalothin is extensively desacetylated in rabbits to a less microbiologically active metabolite, desacetylcephalothin. When a microsomal S9 fraction from rabbit kidney was added to the in vitro assay in cultured rabbit renal cells, cephalothin was desacetylated and its toxicity to kidney cells was reduced. The addition of S9 in vitro provided a toxicity ranking of the cephalosporins that correlated with their known in vivo nephrotoxic potentials (cephaloridine greater than cefazolin greater than cephalothin). The in vitro detoxification of cephalothin by S9 was blocked by the coadministration of the esterase inhibitor, aminocarb. Desacetylcephalothin was relatively nontoxic to rabbit renal tissue in vitro. These results suggest that the desacetylation of cephalothin in vivo represents a previously unrecognized mechanism of detoxification of this cephalosporin antibiotic. Furthermore, this mechanism of detoxification may be applicable to other acetylated cephalosporins.     

2009年某院住院患者抗真菌药用药调查

目的:分析讨论某院抗真菌药使用的合理性,为临床安全有效地使用抗真菌药提供参考。方法:回顾性统计分析某院2009年住院患者抗真菌药用药信息。结果:2009年某院住院患者抗真菌药DDDs排名前3名分别为:氟康唑、制霉菌素和伊曲康唑;使用金额排名前3名分别为:氟康唑、米卡芬净及卡泊芬净;更换一种抗真菌药进行治疗的患者数为176人,在全部患者中占13.4%。结论:应进一步强化用药指征的意识,提高标本送检率,同时改善某些抗真菌用药不合理更换的现象,以避免耐药性发生,从而更好更长远地体现抗真菌药的治疗价值。     

Kinetics of in vitro metabolism of methoxyphenamine in rats

1. Methoxyphenamine (MP) was metabolized in vitro by rat liver preparations to O-desmethylmethoxyphenamine (O-desmethyl-MP), N-desmethylmethoxyphenamine (N-desmethyl-MP) and 5-hydroxymethoxyphenamine (5-hydroxy-MP). These metabolic pathways were inhibited by SKF 525-A and carbon monoxide, which indicates that these reactions were mediated at least partly by an NADPH-dependent cytochrome P-450 system. 2. Strain differences in the metabolism of this drug in vitro were observed in female Lewis and Dark Agouti (DA) rats, which are proposed models for human debrisoquine phenotypes. Methoxyphenamine O-demethylase and 5-hydroxylase activity in DA rats were lower than those in Lewis rats. 3. The metabolic transformation of methoxyphenamine in vitro to O-desmethyl-MP was inhibited competitively by debrisoquine and sparteine. This indicates that the cytochrome P-450 isoenzyme mediating the metabolism of MP to O-desmethyl-MP is similar to that mediating metabolism of debrisoquine and sparteine. However, no inhibition was observed with methenytoin.     

Comparison of in vitro cell models in predicting in vivo brain entry of drugs

Although several in vitro models have been reported to predict the ability of drug candidates to cross the blood-brain barrier, their real in vivo relevance has rarely been evaluated. The present study demonstrates the in vivo relevance of simple unidirectional permeability coefficient (P(app)) determined in three in vitro cell models (BBMEC, Caco-2 and MDCKII-MDR1) for nine model drugs (alprenolol, atenolol, metoprolol, pindolol, entacapone, tolcapone, baclofen, midazolam and ondansetron) by using dual probe microdialysis in the rat brain and blood as an in vivo measure. There was a clear correlation between the P(app) and the unbound brain/blood ratios determined by in vivo microdialysis (BBMEC r=0.99, Caco-2 r=0.91 and MDCKII-MDR1 r=0.85). Despite of the substantial differences in the absolute in vitro P(app) values and regardless of the method used (side-by-side vs. filter insert system), the capability of the in vitro models to rank order drugs was similar. By this approach, thus, the additional value offered by the true endothelial cell model (BBMEC) remains obscure. The present results also highlight the need of both in vitro as well as in vivo methods in characterization of blood-brain barrier passage of new drug candidates.