用新型茂钛催化剂制备的苯乙烯／丁二烯嵌段共聚物的结构表征

先用五甲基茂基三苄氧基钛 /甲基铝氧烷催化苯乙烯预聚 ,再与丁二烯进行嵌段共聚合。考察预聚时间、催化剂浓度、苯乙烯浓度等条件对嵌段共聚合反应的影响。共聚产物经沸丁酮、沸甲苯、沸四氢呋喃、沸氯仿连续抽提后 ,嵌段共聚物主要存在于氯仿的可溶级分中。随着预聚时间的增加 ,共聚反应催化效率增加 ,共聚产物中丁二烯含量下降 ;随着催化剂浓度增加 ,共聚催化效率增加 ,[Ti]为 2 .0× 1 0 -4 mol/L时 ,共聚活性达到最大值 ( 1 7.78× 1 0 3 gP/gTi) ,随着催化剂浓度进一步增加 ,共聚催化效率下降 ,共聚产物中丁二烯含量变化亦存在峰值。     

新型茂钛催化剂用于St／Bd嵌段共聚物的合成

先用五甲基茂基三苄氧基钛 /甲基铝氧烷催化苯乙烯预聚 ,再与丁二烯进行嵌段共聚合。考察预聚时间、催化剂浓度、苯乙烯浓度等条件对嵌段共聚合反应的影响。共聚产物经沸丁酮、沸甲苯、沸四氢呋喃、沸氯仿连续抽提后 ,嵌段共聚物主要存在于氯仿的可溶级分中。随着预聚时间的增加 ,共聚反应催化效率增加 ,共聚产物中丁二烯含量下降 ;随着催化剂浓度增加 ,共聚催化效率增加 ,[Ti]为 2 .0× 1 0 -4 mol/L时 ,共聚活性达到最大值 ( 1 7.78× 1 0 3 gP/gTi) ,随着催化剂浓度进一步增加 ,共聚催化效率下降 ,共聚产物中丁二烯含量变化亦存在峰值。     

茂钛络合物—纳米NaH体系催化苯乙烯氢化

茂钛络合物，以纳米ＮａＨ为助催化剂催化苯乙烯氢化，初速率为３．７×１０＾３－８．３×１０＾３ｍｏｌ／（ｍｏｌ．ｍｉｎ）（Ｈ２／Ｔｉ），催化效率为６．４×１０＾３－１８．５×１０＾３ｍｏｌ／ｍｏｌ（Ｈ２／Ｔｉ），均高于文献的其他２茂钛催化体系，考察了不同温度对催化反应的影响，反应温度在２７５－３１５Ｋ时，活化能为２０．３ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ，与催化体系活性高一致。     

强酸性阳离子交换树脂催化合成乙酰水杨酸的研究

目的:探讨001×7强酸性阳离子交换树脂催化合成乙酰水杨酸的方法和最佳工艺。方法:通过正交试验探讨了乙酸酐与水杨酸的摩尔比、反应时间、催化剂用量和反应温度对乙酰水杨酸产率的影响,并探讨催化剂的催化能力与使用次数的关系。结果:乙酸酐与水杨酸的摩尔比为3∶1、催化剂用量为水杨酸质量的14.50%、反应时间120 min、反应温度60℃时,乙酰水杨酸产率最高,为77.93%。结论:001×7强酸性苯乙烯系阳离子交换树脂对酯化反应催化效果好,副反应少,对环境污染小,能重复使用,值得大力推广。     

负载卤化镍(NiX2/HD)催化MMA的原子转移自由基聚合

以负载卤化镍(NiX2/HD)为催化剂合成聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA),具有反应可控、后处理简单且催化剂可以反复使用的优点。研究结果表明:卤原子、催化剂、钝化剂的类型和含量、反应温度等条件对该体系的聚合速率及可控性有重要影响。在相同条件下,NiCl2较NiBr2的催化速率快;钝化剂卤化铜/三-(N,N-二甲基氨基乙基)胺(CuX2/Me6TREN)对聚合产物分子量分布的可控性要优于卤化铁/三-(N,N-二甲基氨基乙基)胺(FeX3/Me6TREN);增大钝化剂的含量,聚合速率降低,且含量为1%时聚合的可控性较好;温度升高聚合速率加快,分子量分布指数(PDI)增大。顺磁共振检测中观察到钝化剂中过渡金属的化合价发生改变。     

加压下阳泉煤气化与催化气化的比较

本文以水蒸汽为气化剂,在煤焦粒度40—60目;水蒸汽分压1.29MPa下,测定了Na_2CO_3催化剂浓度为12.5(wt)%,以及不加催化剂时阳泉煤的煤气组成、反应活化能,不同温度下,反应时间和碳转化率(x)的关系,以进行文题的比较。结果表明:加压催化气化,可改变气化反应机理;降低反应活化能;对甲烷生成不利;显著地改变了煤气组成并使其组成保持恒定。进而得到加压下气化和催化气化的本征动力学方程分别为: dx/dt=1.18×10~(10)exp(-295/RT) dx/dt=4.05×10~?(1-x)~(2/3) exp(-243/RT)     

甲醇制烯烃(MTO)多段间接换热式绝热固定床反应器的数学模拟

在建立了一维拟均相数学模型的基础上,对甲醇制烯烃(MTO)多段间接换热式绝热固定床反应器进行了数学模拟。以3×105 t/a乙烯为产量指标,计算得到所需的催化床层体积和催化剂装填量,分析了各段绝热反应器内轴向温度和各组分浓度的分布情况,并对换热段进行了热量衡算。     

铁系化合物催化脂肪族环酯聚合反应

以常见铁系化合物为催化剂对L-丙交酯(L-LA)及与ε-己内酯(ε-CL)的开环聚合反应进行了研究,探讨了体系反应温度、反应时间和催化剂用量等因素对聚合反应的影响,以及L-丙交酯在以铁系化合物作为催化剂时的开环聚合反应机理。用凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)、核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)、电感耦合-等离子发射光谱(ICP-AES)等方法对产物进行了表征,并对聚合物的热性能进行了检测。结果表明：在所用4种常见铁化合物中,乙酰丙酮亚铁Fe(acac)2和乙酰丙酮铁Fe(acac)3是较高效的催化剂,其对L-LA的催化反应可使单体转化率达90%以上,数均分子量达1.2×105,分子量分布约1.4。Fe(acac)3同时也是L-LA与ε-CL共聚反应的有效催化剂。     

茂金属/MAO催化剂催化1-癸烯齐聚动力学

为有效控制合成润滑油基础油的性能,以tBuNC（Me）₂（η⁵-C₅H₅）ZrCl₂/MAO催化剂催化1-癸烯齐聚,建立了排除扩散影响的动力学模型,考察温度和单体质量浓度对聚合速率的影响,以及温度对相对分子质量及其分布的影响。结果表明：聚合速率随着反应温度的升高而升高,计算得到表观活化能为4.86 kJ/mol,聚合反应速率对单体质量浓度呈1.47级依赖;随着温度的升高产物分子质量减小,相对分子质量分布变宽,选择最佳聚合温度为80℃;产物相对分子质量分布接近2,符合茂金属催化剂作为单一活性中心的动力学模型假设。     

VO(Ⅱ)席夫碱配合物催化活性的研究

目的研究4种N,N-二(取代亚水杨基)-2,6-吡啶二氨合钒氧(Ⅱ)席夫碱配合物催化苯乙烯环氧化反应的催化活性.方法N2保护下,H2O2为氧源,VO(Ⅱ)席夫碱配合物为催化剂,25℃下苯乙烯发生环氧化反应;气相色谱法分离环氧化反应产物,标准样品定性、内标法定量测定.结果产物中有环氧化产物苯基环氧乙烷,催化剂苯环上有取代基的环氧化物产量高,取代基在5-位上的比在3-位上的环氧化物产量高.结论VO(Ⅱ)席夫碱配合物具有催化苯乙烯环氧化反应的催化活性;催化剂苯环上有取代基,对反应的活性和选择性有明显的影响、配体的空间构型对反应也有重要影响.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.