颈动脉粥样硬化患者血纤溶活性与同型半胱氨酸含量的变化及相关性分析

目的:研究颈动脉粥样硬化(AS)患者血液纤溶活性与同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)含量的变化及其之间的相关性。方法:收集98例颈AS患者与94例无颈AS的对照组,分别采用产色法测定纤溶酶原激活物(t-PA)、纤溶酶原激活抑制物-1(PAI-1)活性,荧光偏振光法测定Hcy含量。结果:颈AS患者血PAI1活性和Hcy含量显著高于对照组患者(P<0.05),t PA活性显著低于对照组患者(P<0.05)。多元Logistic回归分析显示:吸烟、高血压、PAI-1活性升高、t-PA活性降低、Hcy含量升高、高胆固醇与颈AS相关。结论:血液纤溶活性降低和高同型半胱氨酸血症可能是颈AS的独立危险因素。     

肝炎患者血浆组织纤溶酶原激活剂及其抑制剂的变化

作者报道39名正常人及200例各型病毒性肝炎患者的血浆组织纤溶酶原激活剂(t-PA)和纤溶酶原激活剂抑制剂(PAI)的测定结果:正常人组t-PA和PAI分别为1.92±0.72IU/ml和6.38±2.57AU/ml;各型肝炎组的t-PA活性较正常人组高(P<0.001),PAI活性较正常人组低(P<0.001)两者均随病情的严重程度变化。     

心力衰竭与纤溶活性的相关性及药物干预效果的评价

目的 了解冠心病心力衰竭患者纤溶活性的变化并观察血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂(ACEI)和利尿剂、洋地黄类对心衰患者纤溶活性的影响。方法测定80例老年冠心病心力衰竭患者和50例健康老年人(正常对照组)血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活物(t-PA)活性、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1(PAI-1)活性、D-二聚体(D-D)和纤维蛋白原(Fg),并将80例心力衰竭患者随机分为常规治疗组和ACEI加常规治疗组。治疗14d复查上述指标。结果与正常对照组比较,心力衰竭组PAI-1活性、D-D、Fg升高,t-PA活性下降(P<0.01)。常规治疗组D-D、Fg、t-PA、PAI-1无显著变化,ACEI组D-D、Fg、PAI-1活性下降,t-PA活性升高(P<0.01)。两组治疗前后变化值比较差异显著(P<0.01)。结论老年冠心病心力衰竭患者D-D、Fg、PAI-1活性升高,t-PA活性下降;ACEI能改善冠心病心力衰竭患者的纤溶活性。     

不稳定型心绞痛患者凝血纤溶指标的变化

目的了解不稳定型心绞痛(Unstable angina pectoris,UAP)患者凝血纤溶指标的变化。方法选30例UAP患者和15例冠脉造影无狭窄的正常人为研究对象。抽静脉血测定血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(t-PA)、纤溶酶原激活剂抑制剂(PAI)活性和D-二聚体(DD)、纤溶蛋白原(Fg)含量。结果与正常人相比,UPA患者血浆中t-PA活性减低,PAI活性增高,Fg和DD含量增高。结论UAP患者存在凝血、纤溶功能的失调凝血的失调,UAP患者纤溶活性降低,凝血功能增强。     

淋巴瘤患者血液t-PA与PAI-1的变化及其意义

目的 :研究非霍奇金氏淋巴瘤 (non Hodgkin’slymphoma ,NHL)血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活剂 (t PA)、纤溶酶原激活剂抑制剂 1(PAI 1)的水平与NHL各生理病理参数的关系。方法 :采用ELISA法检测 36例NHL患者血浆t PA、PAI 1的水平。结果 :NHL患者血浆t PA (18.6 9± 15.5 0 )ng/mL及PAI 1(74 .6 1± 19.2 7)ng/mL较对照组显著升高 (P均 <0 0 1)。Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期NHL患者血浆t PA (2 7.37± 2 0.0 7)ng/mL高于Ⅲ期、Ⅳ期 (15.0 3±8.80 )ng/mL(P <0.0 5 )。LDH异常的NHL患者PAI 1(77 0 3± 2 5 4 1)ng/mL高于LDH正常的NHL患者(44 .4 0± 19. 0 3)ng/mL(P <0.0 1)。结论 :NHL患者体内t PA、PAI-1的过度表达 ,血浆高t PA水平提示病变处于早期及预后较好。PAI-1血浆水平较高提示预后不良 ,宜选择攻击性强的化疗方案     

急性脑梗死患者纤溶系统与血管内皮功能的关系

目的探讨脑梗死患者血管内皮功能与组织型纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1(PAI-1)的关系。方法纳入108例脑梗死患者(脑梗死组)和110例正常人(健康对照组),采用高分辨超声技术检测血流介导的肱动脉舒张功能(FMD)和硝酸甘油介导的肱动脉舒张功能(NTG),并测定血浆纤溶酶原激活物(t-PA)和PAI-1水平。结果(1)脑梗死组FMD较健康对照组明显减弱[(9±5)%vs(11±4)%,P<0.01)],而2组NTG差异无统计学意义[(17±8)%vs(20±8)%,P>0.05];(2)脑梗死组血浆PAI-1水平显著高于健康对照组[(63±10)ng/mlvs(44±8)ng/ml,P<0.01],而血浆t-PA水平显著低于健康对照组[(12±4)ng/mlvs(13±3)ng/ml,P<0.05];(3)脑梗死组血PAI-1与血管内皮功能呈显著负相关(r=-0.65,P<0.01)。结论(1)脑梗死患者血浆PAI-1活性与血管内皮功能呈负相关,PAI-1活性增高导致血浆纤溶活性降低,可能是血管内皮功能异常引起脑梗死的中间环节;(2)血管内皮功能异常可改变纤溶活性,是脑梗死发生的危险因素。     

急性肺血栓栓塞症患者部分凝血纤溶功能变化的相关研究

目的 探讨急性肺血栓栓塞症(acute PTE)患者血浆同型半胱氨酸(HCY)、抗心磷脂抗体(ACA)、纤溶酶原激活剂抑制物-1(PAI-1)、组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(t-PA)的变化及其临床意义.方法 入选60例急性PTE患者,其中大面积10例,非大面积50例;40例正常人(对照组);采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定HCY、PAI-1、t-PA 血清含量及ACA定性(阳性、阴性). 结果 HCY 、PAI-1、t-PA含量:急性大面积肺栓塞组、非大面积组均显著高于正常对照组(分别P＜0.01);大面积和非大面积比较差异无统计学意义.以高同型半胱氨酸血症(high total homocystein, HHcy)、PAI-1＞28ng/ml、ACA阳性为阳性指标,病例组HHcy、PAI-1、ACA阳性率明显高于正常对照组(分别P＜0.05);病例组t-PA、PAI-1均增高,且呈直线相关性.结论 ACA阳性、PAI-1水平增高、HHcy是急性PTE高危因素;病例组t-PA、PAI-1均增高,两者之间有明显相关性,考虑急性肺血栓栓塞症致病因素不是t-PA抗原产生和释放不足,而是PAI-1抗原水平增高更加显著.     

冠心病患者血浆纤溶指标的临床检测

目的:观察不同类型冠心病患者血浆纤溶活性水平的变化,并探讨其临床意义.方法: 回顾性分析本院222例冠心病患者血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活物(t-PA)及纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1(PAI-1)水平.患者分3组:①稳定型心绞痛(SA组)65例;②不稳定型心绞痛(UA组)42例;③急性心肌梗死(AMI组)115例.另选90例健康体检者为对照组.纤溶指标测定采用酶联免疫分析方法.结果:①血浆t-PA抗原浓度:AMI组t-PA浓度中位数(3.28ng/mL)分别显著高于对照组(2.29 ng/mL,P=0.000)、SA组(2.47 ng/mL,P=0.002)和UA组(2.57 ng/mL,P=0.006).SA组、UA组、对照组之间两两比较差异无统计学意义(P均＞0.1).②血浆PAI-1活性水平:AMI组(38.06 U/mL)和UA组(55.61 U/mL)均显著高于对照组(24.63 U/mL)和SA组(30.33 U/mL),P均＝0.000;UA组高于AMI组(P=0.048);SA组与对照组差异无统计学意义(P=0.433).③血浆PAI-1/t-PA比值:UA组(21.47)显著高于对照组(9.07)、SA组(10.90)和AMI组(12.48),P均=0.000;AMI组明显高于对照组(P=0.001),但与SA组比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.091);SA组与对照组差异无统计学意义(P=0.338).结论:PAI-1升高导致的纤溶活性下降是急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者血栓形成的一个重要因素,测定血浆PAI-1和t-PA,并计算P/T比值,有助于判断患者纤溶功能状态、甄别ACS和不同类型冠心病.     

蒙古族高血压患者血浆纤溶活性的研究

目的 研究蒙古族高血压人群血浆纤溶活性的变化。方法 分别对62例蒙古族患者、54例汉族高血压患者、42例汉族正常人采晨起空腹静脉血，用免疫比浊法和酶联免疫吸附法，检测其血浆纤维蛋白原(Fbg)、组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(t-PA)及纤溶酶原激活剂抑制物-1(PAI-1)含量。比较各组间年龄、性别与Fbg、t-PA、PAI-1的相关性及其在各组间的差别。结果汉族、蒙古族高血压、汉族正常组的年龄性别与Fbg、t-PA、PAI-1无相关性，汉族高血压组与汉族正常组比较Fbg、PAI-1均高于汉族正常组t-PA低于正常组；蒙古族高血压族与汉族正常组比较t-PA低于对照组；但蒙古族高血压组与汉组高血压组比较只有t-PA较汉族高血压低，Fbg、PAI-1无统计学差异。结论高血压患者存在血浆纤溶活性降低：蒙古族高血压患者较汉族高血压患者血浆纤溶活性的降低，主要与t-PA水平降低有关。     

老年心力衰竭患者肾素-血管紧张素系统与纤溶活性变化的意义

目的探讨老年心力衰竭（HF）患者血浆肾素-血管紧张素系统（RAS）与纤溶活性的变化。方法老年HF患者46例（HF组）,非器质性心脏病住院患者18例（对照组）,取静脉血分别检测血浆纤溶酶原激活剂抑制物1（PAI-1）、组织纤溶酶原激活剂（t-PA）活性、血浆肾素活性（RA）及血管紧张素Ⅱ（AngⅡ）含量。结果老年HF患者血浆RA、PAI-1活性、AngⅡ含量明显高于对照组（P〈0.05）,t-PA活性则降低（P〈0.05）;血浆PAI-1活性与AngⅡ含量水平呈显著正相关（r=0.396,P〈0.01）。结论老年HF过程中血浆RAS激活对纤溶活性改变有重要影响。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.