水通道蛋白分子靶向治疗和分子靶向成像研究进展

水是组织、细胞代谢的基础。水分子是通过细胞膜的水通道蛋白（Aquaporins,AQPs）进行转运的。AQP是一族在细胞膜上具有选择性的能够高效运转水和甘油等小分子的特异孔道,对水和甘油等小分子物质具有选择性通透作用[1-3]。AQP与许多疾病具有密切的关系,比如：痴呆、帕金森病、海马硬化癫痫、脑血管疾病、脑水肿、肝脏纤维、全身肿瘤、心功能衰竭和冠心病,以及肾脏功能变化等。     

分子影像在EGFR靶向治疗的研究进展

表皮生长因子受体的靶向治疗癌症需要准确估计肿瘤中的EGFR表达，以识别反应患者，评估疗效和预后。分子影像技术是分子探针与细胞特定靶分子结合，通过PET/CT检测技术获取图像，无创、重复、实时评价靶分子表达情况。分子成像是一种准确和无创评估体内EGFR表达的最佳方法。本文就PET的各类EGFR分子探针研究进展进行综述。     

Advances in locoregional therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma combined with immunotherapy and targeted therapy

Locoregional therapies (LRTs) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represented by ablation and TACE has become the main means for the clinical treatment of unresectable HCC. Among these, TACE is used throughout the stage Ib to IIIb of HCC treatment. In recent years, immunotherapy led by immune checkpoint inhibitors has become a hot direction in clinical research. At the same time, targeted drugs such as Sorafenib and Apatinib have played an important role in the treatment and complementary therapy of advanced HCC, and their clinical application has been quite mature. HCC is the sixth most common malignant tumor in the world. When it comes to its treatment, different therapies have different indications, and their individual efficacies are not satisfactory, which makes the exploration of the use of combination therapy in HCC treatment become a new trend. In this paper, the status of the three therapies and the progress of their combined application are briefly reviewed.     

T细胞型急性淋巴细胞白血病靶向治疗的研究进展

T细胞型急性淋巴细胞白血病(T-ALL)为分子生物学特点与预后异质性大的恶性疾病,其侵袭性强,复发率高.尽管随着高强度联合化疗及造血干细胞移植(HSCT)应用于临床,T-ALL预后得到较大改善,但疗效仍不够理想.因此,深入研究T-ALL发病机制,探索新治疗靶位对于提高T-ALL疗效具有重要意义.随着对T-ALL分子生物学研究进展,T-ALL治疗的多个新型靶点被逐一发现.笔者拟就T-ALL靶向治疗新型靶点进行综述.     

表皮生长因子受体靶向治疗分子影像研究进展

表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）靶向治疗癌症需要准确评估肿瘤EGFR表达。分子影像技术以分子探针与细胞特定靶分子结合，通过PET/CT检测技术获取图像，可无创、准确、重复地实时评价靶分子表达。本文围绕PET各类EGFR分子探针研究进展进行综述。     

Advances in drug development for targeted therapies for glioblastoma

Glioblastoma is the most aggressive primary brain tumor in adults. The prognosis of patients with primary glioblastoma treated with the current standard of care, tumor resection followed by radiation therapy and auxiliary temozolomide, remains poor. Integrative genomic analyses have identified essential core signaling pathways and frequent genetic aberrations, which provide potential drug targets for glioblastoma treatment. Drugs against these therapeutic targets have been developed rapidly in recent years. Although some have shown promising effects on models in preclinical studies, many have shown only modest efficacy in clinical trials. New therapeutic strategies and potent drugs are urgently needed to improve the prognosis of patients with glioblastoma. The goal of this review is to summarize the current advances in drug development for targeted glioblastoma therapies and to reveal the major challenges encountered in clinical trials or treatment. This study will provide new perspectives for future studies of targeted therapeutic drug development and provide insights into the clinical treatment of glioblastoma.     

前列腺癌靶向超声造影剂的研究进展

前列腺癌是泌尿系统常见的恶性肿瘤之一,在我国前列腺癌的发病率逐年升高。前列腺癌早期没有明显的临床表现,病情隐匿,容易恶化及移转,当患者出现症状就诊时往往已是中晚期甚至出现了远处转移,错过了最佳的治疗时机,前列腺癌的预后与是否及时诊断密切相关。超声分子成像是通过将目标分子靶向标记物连接到以微气泡为载体的声学造影剂表面制备成的靶向声学造影剂,可显著提高疾病诊断和治疗效果,且对正常组织器官毒副作用较小。超声造影剂所具备的特殊结构和性质,使其可经过一系列的化学修饰,将治疗基因和化疗药物递送至肿瘤区域,提高基因转染效率和药物疗效。本文就前列腺癌靶向超声造影剂在前列腺癌的诊断与治疗方面,阐述几种常用的靶向配体、及其对病灶的治疗方式、多模态成像与治疗的最新进展情况。     

Advances in therapy for osteoporosis

The current status of detection and treatment of osteoporosis is reviewed. Despite substantial advances in the past ten years, most patients with osteoporotic fractures are still not being treated for the underlying bony cause of the fracture, and most people at risk for fracture are not being offered known protective regimens. The foundation of any therapeutic program is adequate nutrition--specifically protein, calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D. Current anti-resorptive agents reduce vertebral fracture risk by 30% to 50% and teriparatide, a newly approved anabolic agent, reduces risk by up to 80+%. Effective treatments for chronic bony pain that occurs in some patients with spine fractures is affored by two minimally invasive procedures, kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty. Some of these chronically painful fractures represent instances of previously unrecognized non-union, and in them low-pressure vertebroplasty produces prompt and lasting relief. Fracture risk reductions with current anti-resorptive agents are at least twice as great as can be explained by drug effects on bone mass. Moreover, risk is reduced within a few months of starting therapy. These observations focus attention on bone remodeling and point to the need for improvement of biomarker technology, since it seems likely that reduction in remodeling activity underlies much of the fracture risk reduction and can therefore be used to monitor therapy.     

Advances in oncology care: targeted therapies

The start of the 21st century has produced advances in cancer care that have improved both survival rates and quality of life for many persons diagnosed with cancer. Targeted therapy has given new hope for controlling cancer as a chronic illness. Alone, or in combination with traditional therapies such as surgery, radiation, and/or chemotherapy, this new form of therapy targets malignant cells, halting tumor growth and the potential metastatic spread of disease. Toxicities are limited, but some are serious and may require intensive care. It is imperative for the experienced critical care nurse to have an understanding of these new treatment options and those on the horizon, as these therapies are the future of cancer care. Whereas in previous decades, patients with cancer may not have survived an intensive care admission for treatment complications or advanced disease, many patients now are recovering from life-threatening events, continuing treatment for their disease, and going on to live meaningful, good-quality lives.     

Advances in therapy for adult asthma

There are >22 million Americans with asthma. Chronic asthma is a worldwide problem with an increasing socioeconomic burden on individuals and on society. Recent advances have been made in diagnostic lung imaging, defining control of asthma, as well as in the education of patients with asthma. Accurate diagnosis of the cause of chronic cough in adults and of asthma in elderly individuals will help affected individuals receive appropriate treatment. Inhaled corticosteroids are the recommended first-line therapy for persistent asthma and can help prevent exacerbations in patients with asthma that are not well controlled. Early intervention and improved management can significantly reduce the socioeconomic burden of asthma. Patient education is an essential part of asthma management.     

进展期胃癌的分子靶向治疗

过去的二十年里,进展期胃癌患者通过治疗后可以改善生活质量及延长生存期,但是其治疗方法并没有获得显著进展。虽然胃癌的中位生存期大约在7~11个月,且存活超过2年的已经〉10%,但是,对于进展期胃癌患者来说,其最合适的一线化疗方案一直存在争议,且大多数人对化疗仍持有偏见。最近,肿瘤生物学的显著进展促进了靶向致癌关键途径的新药物研究。在国际随机研究中,对进展期胃癌来说,多数分子靶向因子被证实有效,一种抗HER-2单克隆抗体（曲妥珠单抗）显示在抗HER-2阳性的进展期胃癌方面有抗肿瘤活性。然而,只有20%的HER-2阳性的进展期胃癌患者在此获益。因此,发展更有效的因子和鉴别预测及预后的标记物因子来选择哪些患者能从特定的化疗方案和靶向治疗中获益显得至关重要。本文就进展期胃癌的靶向治疗作一综述。     

PROTAC therapy as a new targeted therapy for lung cancer

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